Northeastern Florida studies Titanium is abundant in the earth's crust, but the metal Field studies were made at several operating mines in can be extracted economically only from a limited group of northeastern Florida. The examples reported here are from a titanium-bearing minerals, chiefly rutile, ilmenite, and Pleistocene dune deposit having fairly sharply defined edges weathered ilmenite. Placer deposits of heavy minerals yield and a depth extent of 8-21 m. The heavy minerals make up about half of the world's production of titanium, including about 4 percent of the deposit, and are disseminated in nearly all of its rutile (U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1982). These crossbedded sands which appear to be fossil dunes overlain placer deposits are mined in many parts of the world, unconformably by horizontally bedded, unmineralized including Australia, India, Sri Lanka, and the southeastern sands.