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Geotechnical Challenges Facing Infrastructure Development In Western China
Zou, D.H. (Dalhousie University & Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Land Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science) | Cui, P. (Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Land Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science) | Zhu, Y.Y. (Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Land Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science)
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT: Under China’s great plan to develop the western part of the country, infrastructure development is booming in the region and numerous construction projects have sprung up everywhere. Geotechnical work thus requires special attention in the region. This paper presents an overall account of the recent development in Western China and the challenges and opportunities existing in the country. The paper also reviews the geotechnical conditions in the mountainous region, the planned and on-going engineering projects on various scales, and the geotechnical challenges facing these projects. Particular references are given to the southwest provinces of China, which are the tributaries to the Yangtze River. Typical past geohazard events will be presented and concerns related to engineering projects will be discussed. 1 OVERVIEW OF TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY IN WESTERN CHINA 1.1 China''s topography China has a vast land. Its topography varies widely, overall sloping from west to east. It can generally be divided into three giant steps as shown in Figure 1. The Qing-Zhang highland plateau with an average elevation of 4500 ¨C 5000 m, covering southwest China, most of Qinghai, Tibet and part of Sichuan Provinces, the low land along the east coast with an average elevation less than 100m and the intermediate step covering the rest of the county. The Qing-Zhang highland plateau is the highest of the steps. This region is in sharp contrast with its surrounding areas. In the north, its elevation drops by nearly 4000 m in a short distance. In the southwest, within a few hundred meters of horizontal distance, the elevation rises rapidly from less than 100 m in India to over 6000 m in the Himalaya Mountain ridge, with the Everest Peak at 8848 m. In the east, the elevation drops by approximately 3000 m to 300-400 m in the Sichuan Basin.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type (0.93)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics > Earthquake (0.50)
- Energy > Power Industry (0.69)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (0.47)
- Energy > Renewable > Hydroelectric (0.32)
Rock Bolt Characterization Using Guided Waves And Numerical Simulation
Zou, D.H. (Dalhousie University & Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology) | Cheng, J.L. (Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology)
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT: Non-destructive rock bolt testing in the field remains to be a challenge. This paper reviews a research project in developing such a field testing technique and presents important findings up to date. The research, using guided waves, has been focused on understanding of the fundamental wave characteristics in grouted rock bolts. Extensive laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were conducted. During experiments, guided waves with specific input frequencies were used to study the characteristics of the rock bolts embedded in concrete. Numerical simulation using finite element method, which produced signals matching well those from experiments, was used to determine the wave attenuation coefficient, energy loss and boundary effects. These results are very valuable for field rock bolt testing. 1 INTRODUCTION Rock bolts have become the major rock mass supporting system in rock engineering. Majority of these bolts are installed by grouting. Field testing and monitoring of the installed rock bolts is essential to evaluate their effectiveness and performance. The conventional methods of pull-out test and torque wrench test are time consuming and often destructive as well (Choquet 1991, Kelly & Jager 1996, Zou 2004). Non-destructive testing would therefore be a preferred choice. However, there has not been such an instrument available for field use, which can determine quickly and reliably the effective bolt length, bolt integrity, bolt tension, bolt holding capacity and grout quality. Over the last two decades, research on nondestructive rock bolt testing has been very active and some progress has been made (Thurner 1988, Tadolini 1990, Rose 1999, Vrkljan et al. 1999, Beard et al. 2003, Madenga et al. 2006, Zhang et al. 2006, Cui & Zou 2006, Zou et al. 2006). Prototypes of devices have been developed to measure the bold tension in the non-grouted section of a bolt and the grout quality in a non-quantitative format.
- North America > Canada (0.29)
- North America > United States > Kansas > Butler County (0.24)