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Collaborating Authors
5th World Petroleum Congress
In 1953, a geological surface survey of the Cuanza Basin in Portuguese West Africa discovered the first indications of salt structures in this area. Two diapirs were studied in Morro de Tuenza and Cabo Ledo, both located south of the Cuanza river. The drilling campaign carried out north of the Cuanza river showed the position of the salt in the stratigraphie column. It is probably of Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) age. Superposed on the basement deformations due to faulting, the movements of the salt created more or less complicated anticlinal structures, where oil has been trapped. In some structures, the extrusion of salt through the over lying Sediments created diapirs. This paper describes several structures and discusses their relation to the general tectonic features of the basin. It is noted that salt structures are not unique on the west coast of Africa. Recently salt structures have been also discovered in the Gabon and Lower Congo basins.
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Salt Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (0.73)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Gulf Coast Basin (0.99)
- Africa > Angola > Kwanza Basin (0.99)
- Africa > Angola > South Atlantic Ocean > Lower Congo Basin (0.94)
- Africa > Gabon (0.89)
ABSTRACT. Studies of the sedimentary basins of Turkey with special reference to their oil possibilities have been carried out for many years. South of the Bitlis massive and the Antitaurus mountain range, as well as in the Arabian Block located southeast of the Anatolian region, but slightly deformed synclines and anticlines trend approximately S.E.-N.W. and S.W.-N.E. Oil is presently produced from the Raman and Garzan structures. Oil here occurs in the reefy and dolimitic limestones of Jurassic-Cretaceous age. A thick and more or less continuous sedimentary series is also found in the subsidence basin of Adana. Oil seepages at the surface suggest that oil is present in the reefy limestones of the Lower Miocene and part of the Middle Miocene. Drilling at Hatay (Iskenderun) has revealed the presence of some oil and much natural gas. A thick sedimentary sequence (Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene) is found in Thrace south of the Istranca massive and in the Ergene basin. Closed, regular structures at these localities suggest possible accumulation of oil. Drilling S.-S.E. of this region, at Sarköy and Mürefte (Tekirdag), has uncovered a continuous and plentiful flow of natural gas. Among less promising terranes in which Sediments are moderately thick and structures more or less regular, the Van-Mus-Hinis-Malazgirt region and the structures of the Malatya region ought to be mentioned. Important oil promising structures also occur in the northwestern part of the Tuz Gölü area and the western part of the Ankara region. At the northern margin of the Pontides near the Black Sea, in the Rize region, and in the Boyabat-Kastamoni-Izmit region long narrow bands of a facies of flysch and limestone spread out. Oil is to be expected in the Upper Cretaceous and Eocene formations of this facies. Mention ought to be made also of the salt domes found in the gypsum series of the Sivas-Çorum- Çankiri region. Apart from the terranes just mentioned, transgressive basins containing sedimentary deposits of different thicknesses, but generally thin, are found in the metamorphic Anatolian block, the principal basement of Turkey. Recent work in this area has failed to uncover promising oil terranes. RESUME. Les bassins sédimentaires de la Turquie, et plus spécialement leurs possibilités pétrolières, ont depuis longtemps fait l'objet d'études très poussées. Au Sud du massif de Bitlis et de la chaîne de I'Antitaurus, ainsi que dans le domaine du Bloc Arabe situé au Sud-Est de la région anatolienne, des synclinaux et des anticlinaux peu déformés suivent des directions approximatives SE-NO et SO-NE. On a déjà commencé à extraire du pétrole des structures de Raman et de Garzan. Ce pétrole provient des calcaires récifaux et dolimitiques d'âge jura-créta&. On trouve également une série apaisse et plus ou moins continue de sédiments dans
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Bitlis Province > Bitlis (0.45)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Hatay Province (0.35)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Ankara Province > Ankara (0.31)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene > Eocene (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene > Middle Miocene (0.48)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene > Lower Miocene (0.34)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.84)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Kahta Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Iskenderun Basin (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Erzurum Basin (0.99)
- (12 more...)
ABSTRACT. Geological conditions necessary for the accumulation of petroleum with respect to sedimentary deposits, tectonic structures, and salt structures are presented. Salt deposits are of great importance in the formation of productive-oil structures. Therefore, studies concerning the evolution and structural growth of salt formations are considered to be of practical value in understanding associated oil accumulation and migration. Geological interpretation and the importance of diapirism, or the growth of true salt domes, are discussed in detail. Also, a comparison of salt dome areas and sedimentary troughs, as found in NW-Germany, is made. RESUME. Les conditions géologiques nécessaires à I'accumulation du pétrole sont présentées par rapport aux dépôts de sédiments, aux structures tectoniques et salines. Les dépôts de sel sont d'une grande importance dans la formation de structures pétrolifères. C'est pourquoi l'on considère que les études concernant l'évolution et la croissance structurale des formations de sel aident à comprendre l'accumulation et la migration du pétrole en conjonction avec celui-ci. du diaparisme ou croissance de véritables dômes de sel. Pour finir, on compare les régions de dômes de sel et les fosses sédimen. taires telles qu'on les trouve dans l'Allemagne du Nord-Ouest. L'on discute en détail l'interprétation géologique et l'ii..p-. Introduction Germany in the late fifi sequently, until the begir 7 11 1 r 11 Oil seepages found near salt domes led to oil exploration in NW :ies of the past century. Con ming of World War II, nearly ai1 Known neias were associated with salt domes. It was only during and after the war that numerous other types of oil fields were discovered in northwest Germany. Of the 64 oil fields in the NW German basin producing in the summer of 1958, 26 are salt dome fields. A concise review of the structural development of the salt domes and of their importance for oil accumulation r interest since new fields connected witk ve been found during recent years. is of particula i salt domes ha The Basin of Northwestern Germany Between the southern basement folded in the Varistian era and outcropping in the Rhenish Mountains and the Harz Mountains at one side, and the northern block of crystalhe rocks of Scandinavia on the other side, there is an extended basin of sedimentation comprising NW Germany, the Netherlands, and the larger part of Denmark (Figure 1). The basin contains Upper Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Neozoic Sediments reaching at places a total thickness of about 6000 to 8000 meters. They have mostly been deposited in shallow seas which, nearly always, had an oceanic connection through the recent North
- North America > United States > Oklahoma > Osage County (0.35)
- Europe > Germany > Lower Saxony (0.28)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea (0.24)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Permian (0.66)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Cretaceous > Upper Cretaceous (0.46)
- Europe > Netherlands > German Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Germany > Reitbrook Field (0.99)
- Europe > Germany > Northwest German Basin (0.99)
- (2 more...)
ABSTRACT. Increasing geological and geophysical information about the Atlantic continental shelf of the United States is changing the basis for judging the area's petroleum potential. No nation can afford to overlook an area that overlies 175,000 cubic miles (730,000 km*) of possibly petrolifemus Sediments (including the emerged coastal plain), though the first barrel of oil is yet to be produced. Seismic and magnetic surveys indicate that the basement is deeper and more irregular than previously supposed and that a basement ridge may separate the shelf Sediments into two major elongate basins Daralle1 to the shelf edge, thus forming possible entrapping structures and possibly Paleozoic elastic roeks found in the subsurface of Georgia Isewhere in downfaulted basins, could be source beds and ide areas. Lower Cretaceous, Upper Jurassic(?), and Triassic wells must wedge out updip, and numerous unconformities I were presumably deposited in or close to shelf areas that y bordered by known :e and reservoir rocks are probably present. It can be expected that petroleum will eventually be d I shelf and perhaps the emerged coastal plain, but it will not be dibrvrr.-.. \~CU.nun..n~, a.u,) until geologists have projected paleogeographic settings into the Sediments beneath the shelf from the data obtained through onshore and submarine geology, drilling, and geophysics. granite washes; thus both SOUN iscovered beneath the continental), même si l'on n'a pas encori evés séismiques et magnétiques plier qu'on ne l'avait d'abord 2 pétrole de ces sédimci le soubassement est pli du soubassement pourr RESUME. L'accumulation croissante de renseignements géologiques et géophysiques sur la plateforme continentale atlantique des Etats-Unis modifie les données permettant d'évaluer les possibilités pétrolières de cette région. Aucun pays ne peut se permettre de négliger un territoire représentant 175,000 milles cubes (730,000kmX) de sédiments peut-être pétrolifères (v commis la plaine côtière émergente e tiré un seul baril dc nts. Les 1 laissent entendre que us pro¿ond et plus irrég cru et qu'une crête ait diviser les sédiments de la plateforme en deux bassins principaux, allongés parallèlement à la bordure de la plateforme, formant peut-être ainsi des structures favorables à l'accumulation du pétrole et peut- être aussi des bassins de déposition restreints. Les roc
- North America > United States > North Carolina (0.29)
- Oceania > Australia > Victoria > Bass Strait (0.24)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Cretaceous > Lower Cretaceous (0.34)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Jurassic > Upper Jurassic (0.34)
- Geology > Rock Type > Igneous Rock (0.67)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (0.49)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.48)
- (2 more...)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (0.49)
- Geophysics > Magnetic Surveying (0.34)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Georgia Basin (0.99)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea > Central Graben > Block 30/7a > J-Block Field (0.99)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea > Moray Firth > Moray Firth Basin > Block 20/1 > Atlantic Field > Captain Sandstone Formation (0.94)
- (4 more...)
ABSTRACT. The stratigraphic and structural framework of the tiuif of Mexico is described, with particular reference to that portion of the continental she1 depths of less than 200 feet, which is considered the limit of economic accessibility for xploration. This limit encompasses 96,000 square miles (24,900,000 hectares) bordering the United States and 56,000 suuare miles Í14.500.000 hectares) bordering the coast of mexico. VI the total shelf area, only the hectares) off the coast of Louisiana has up to now provided hore exploration. iton Rouge, Louisiana, to Merida, Yucatan, shows the Tertiary i from data now available. Maps of the Gulf of Mexico are esozoic, Early Tertiary, y Sediments tive for petroleum ex1 helf within, Late Tertiary and Quaternaq doration on the continental II, nn- IVV I"& narri ""y". Ill.L.&. ' the continental shelf boraering tne Louisiana ana i'exas coasts distribution of the offshore structures that have been drilled or uly 1, 1958, 86 fields have been found by the testing of 123 and approximately 2.5 billion barrels of oil and 9 trillion cubic ieer u1 gas ILUVI: UGI::IL uutlllltju UJ the successful complr tests. The reserves established by a total of 133 wells dril 162 offshore prospects have been tested in the whole ar of the structures indicated by geophysical data. As examples of offshore deep-seated salt dome fields, structure maps are presented for the Block 110 Field, West Cameron Area, and the Block 39 (Rollover) Field, Vermilion Area, Louisiana. A structure map and cross section of the Block 126 Field, Eugene Island Area, Louisiana, are given as typifying the shallow piercement salt dome fields. The occurrence of the sulphur deposit on the Block 18 Dome, Grand Isle Area, Louisiana, where operations for mining are now under way, is illustrated. exploration pétrolière rentable. Dans ce! 96.000 milles carrés (24.000.000 hectare carrés (14.500.000 hectares) le long de I côte de la Louisiane, soit une aire de 20. répondu avec succès aux travaux d'explor Un profil transversal allant du Nortion of 1,302 wells out of a total of 1,896 led off the Texas coast are negligible. While mea, these represent only about fifty percent forme continentale a une superficie de côte des Etats-Unis et de 56.000 milles De toute cette superficie, seule Favant
- North America > United States > Louisiana (1.00)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM (0.54)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma > Osage County (0.44)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Tertiary (0.94)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Quaternary (0.89)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (0.30)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics (0.88)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (0.88)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault (0.69)
- (2 more...)
Primary evaporites are found in both basin and stable shelf associations. Among basinal evaporites two major types may be distinguished: a) basin-center evaporites, commonly characterized by chlorides; and, b) basin-margin evaporites, peripheral to either reefs or banks and typically dominated by sulphates. Oil and gas are related to both, with major accumulations more likely in connection with the base-margin type. Shelf evaporites are also divisible into two classes: a) relatively thin, blanketing deposits, normally of anhydrite, interrupted by patch-reefs, biostromes, and banks; and, b) red-bed evaporites, either anhydrite or salt, occurring as lenses of various extent in sand-shale associations without significant carbonates. Only the first of these shelf types is related to oil or gas accumulations. Carbonates occurring as lateral equivalents of evaporite deposits commonly exhibit favorable reservoir conditions in the belt of carbonate-to-evaporite facies change. In this belt oil reservoirs may be related to one or more of the following conditions: a) reefs or biostromes with primary and/or fracture porosity and permeability.
- Africa (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.48)
- North America > Canada > Alberta (0.47)
- North America > United States > New Mexico (0.29)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Permian (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Devonian (0.68)
- (2 more...)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment > Marine Environment > Reef Environment (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Evaporite (1.00)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Wind River Basin > Madison Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Utah > Paradox Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- (45 more...)
ABSTRACT. The discovery of oil from the caprock of th iercement-type salt dome in Texas in 1901 ushered in a new era of civi1iza:ion in whic ittained a position of prime importance. Since that discovery, several hundred other donLGa, .a.IIvuo types and shapes, have been founi n of the United States embracing the states of Texas, Louisiana and Missi iy methods of exploration which have been conducted on these features for 5 ees of success, the majority of these domes have been feand to contain and have produced a tantastic quantity of mineral wealth in oil, gas, sulphur and salt. The authors emphasize the fact that as much wealth will be found in the future on these structures and in their areas of geological influence as have been found in the past, provided that a systematic exploration procedure backed with sound geological and geophysical reasoning is followed. Because of the structural complexity and regional influence of these domes, the authoi sic principles which should be followed to insure some degree of success in salt :xploitation. Although there are still many salt domes which to dati to be productive in this region of the United States, the authors believe that nxum, II xxw aux, VI weue barren domes will eventually be commercially productive if they are adequately explored after being properly studied. The results of exploration on several salt domes are discussed and illustrated. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of geological thinking with regard to various methods of exploration used thri exploration of different types of salt domes are recommended; the wide application wherever there are salt domes. oughout the past. Methods for future se recommended methods have world formes variés, notammen! aiane et du Mississippi. DU tures durant 58 ans, avec roufre et le sel. Les auteurs insist4 Lue l'on en a trouvées dans le p basé sur un raisonnement correct 4 e Spindletop p :h liquid fuel a rs recommend certain bar dome exploration and e e have not been proven i c du dôme de sel de laquelle les E I du Spindletop (Texas) de type perforant a inauguré une ère de civilisation au cours ombustibles liquides ont atteint une importance primordiale. Depuis cette déeouverte, on a trouvé aux Etats-Unis plbpmvuLn - -i.=alllra d'autres dômes de types et de t dans la région du Gulf Coast, celle-ci couvre les états du Texas, de ìa Louir fait
- North America > United States > Texas > East Texas Salt Basin > Woodbine Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > East Texas Salt Basin > East Texas Field > Woodbine Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Lost Lake Field (0.89)
- (2 more...)
This paper has three sections.
- Europe > France (0.28)
- North America > United States (0.28)
- Geology > Mineral (0.96)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology (0.93)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.33)
ABSTRACT. Israel's structural bodies: anticlines-synclines and horstgräben (blocks) have been tested by more than 30 wildcats (deepest4000m) in the course of the past few years. The anticlinal tests usually started in the Upper Cretaceous crests. They reached or penetrated the pelagic Jurassic limestone-dolomite (1000-1500m thick) in Central-Northern Israel, while in the Negeb upland drilling encountered limy, marly, sandy epicontinental series or continental sandstone of Jurassic-Triassic and (at Sinaf) of Paleozoic age. However, no fluid producers were found. The only oil field - Heletz (and Brur) - is thought to lie in a tilted half-horst structure bordering on the Mediterranean Neogene graben of Ashkelon. True, larger anticlinal gas accumulations, expected to become exploitable, are now being tested at Zohar. But, this and other showings of this peculiar well may be attributed to lateral migration deriving from the structures and source-beds of the Dead Sea graben, only a few miles from Zohar. Good and partly very good shows were, however, frequently discovered in fractures and joints of Jurassic limestone. Sealed by an Infracretaceous shale cover, they must once have formed quite substantial oil accumulations originating, in the writer's opinion, during the Lower-Mid Tertiary orogeny. The source-beds are possibly of pre-Jurassic age. Graben-structures were drilled in down-sunken (Engedi, Massada) and uplifted blocks (Jordan near Tiberias), and at Debora (an uplifted half-antiche next to the Tabor graben). Apart from the producing areas, all the graben-block wildcats mentioned are rich in excellent and "live oil", or waxy and viscous shows. Oil and such other shows are thought to have originated by lateral migration from Upper Cretaceous and/or Oligocene-Neogene downwarped and down-sunken graben Sediments sealed by marine or continental Neogene-Quarternary cover beds. In view of past drilling experience, testing of graben structures in coastal and off-shore areas, as well as in inter-mountain depressions (Jordan-Dead Sea and Tabor-Esdraelon), seems to hold greater prospects than anticlinal testing. This concept should dominate our line of thought in further oil exploration. Yet, recovering of the semi-liquid hydrocarbons in the highly fractured Jurassic limestone of the anticlines must be considered and economical methods worked ont. RESUME. Les éléments structuraux en Israël (anticlinaux, synclinaux et blocs horst-graben) ont été investigués, au cours des dernières années, par plus de 30 "wildcats" dont le plus profond fut de 4.000 m. Les puits anticlinaux ont généralement débuté sur des crêtes d'âge Crétacé supérieur. Dans la partie nord-centrale d'Israël, ils ont atteint ou pénétré les couches pélagiques calcaires dolomitiques du Jurassique dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de 1.000 à 1.500 m. Au contraire, dans les hautes t
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Jurassic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Extensional Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault > Dip-Slip Fault > Normal Fault (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.69)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Adana Basin (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Southern District > Southern Levant Basin > Heletz-Kokhav License > Heletz Kokhav Field > Heletz Field > Helez Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Southern District > Southern Levant Basin > Heletz-Kokhav License > Heletz Kokhav Field > Heletz Field > Barnea Formation (0.99)
- (7 more...)
here. C. The eugeosynclina consisting mainly of shales, is generally accumulated by greywacke associations ma: _. -. - Most of the world's oil resen evidence, that eugeosynclines have the highly disturbed belts of the ei. investigation is needed. BY E. KUEN'DIG" to co-ordinate the varluun ~S~GCLS ui 111e ueveiupirient of a geosyncline, the general definition of which is based, i on sedimentological features. Miogeosynclines and euge enaironment comprising:the carbonate platform association, the clastic shelf association, the mixed shelf association. B. The slope enuironment: a prominent, persistently highly mobile, structural zone forming, as a rule, marked submarine scarps; the mobility prevents an undisturbed accumulatinn nf andimenta and both gravity gliding and turbidity currents occur with great frequency 1 enuironment comprising two main assemblages :the perennial group, red clays, oozes, limestones and cherts; the catastrophic group which gravity glides and turbidity currents. Most of the Flysch and probably also y be included here. However, the distribution and thickness pattern of Geosynclinal sedimentary environments may be Sediments in a eugeosyncline are, in our opinion, ody of content and effects directly related to the subcrustal develop much more characteristic. The most representative feature of a eugeosyndin differentiated basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks, the so-cj the hinge zones and may, like the Sediments, glide into the Thus the complicated structures that often accompany SUCL =- - - -, to have been caused by this gliding rather than by regional deformation. res occur in shelf Sediments and it would seem, on circumstantial but few prospects. However, exploration is only rarely carried into igeosynclines and there exist a number of specific cases where more RESUME. Dans cet article, l'am in this article, mainly on orogenic rather than mynclines are distinguished. grouped as follows: A. The miogeosynclinal secondary diagnostic value, the magmatic ment of the mega-unit being fundamentally ial belt is the presence of considerably illed ophiolites. These occur mainly along eugeosyncline in the form of olistostromes. .h nlistnntrnmna miiat hp ennairlererl nawtlv eur essaie de coordonner les différents aspects du développement cisiin ~enevnrlinil. I D'iine manier- n6ntwale i1 définit le géosynclinal plutôt par ses traits orogéniques distingue deux types, le type miogéosynclinal et le ¡lieux sédimentaires d'un géosinclinal de la manière type eugéosynclinal. suivante: carbonatée On peut grouper les miMilieu "miogéosynclinal~' comprenant: b) l'association du type plateform plateforme à sédimentation mixte. Milieu "pente géosynclinde":
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey (0.28)
- Europe > Macedonia > Resen > Resen (0.24)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic (0.93)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene (0.46)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment > Marine Environment (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (1.00)
- Europe > Italy > Sicily > Gela Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Oman (0.89)
- Asia > Middle East > Iraq > Zagros Basin (0.89)
- Asia > Middle East > Iran > Zagros Basin (0.89)