Abstract. The article gives a description of the processes of Considering the problem of the time of the formation of migration of oil and gas, their intensity and directionality gas accumulations one should take into account not only in various stages of the existence of sedimentary rocks. the age of a trap but also the amounts of possible gas In the early stages of the formation of sedimentary rocks losses. the processes of migration cause a removal of excess gases into aqueous medium and into the atmosphere as well os a primary accumulation of free gases in Sediments and their solutions in underground waters.
Résumé. La communication expose des idées concernant During oil and gas accumulation and the formation of les processus de migration du pétrole et du gaz, leur intentheir deposits the following processes play the main part: sité et la tendance de leur direction dans les differents transfer of oil in a dissolved state both in compressed ga- stades de l'existence des roches sédimentaires. jes and in the water, a removal of dissolved gas and oil Dans les stades primaires de la formation des roches sédicomponents from the water, condensation of liquid hydro- mentaires les processus de migration entrainent l'évasion carbons from gases at decreasing temperature and pressu- vers le milieu aqueux et à l'atmosphère de l'excès des gaz re and then oil and gas buoyancy in porous waterbearing formés, de même que la formation des accumulations beds and rock mass. primaires des gaz libres et de leur solutions dans les eaux The oil and gas pool formed undergo dissemination due souterraines. to the processes of filtration, diffusion as well as due to Dans les stades plus avancés, pendant l'accumulation du the solution and removal of gas and oil by the water sur- pétrole et du gaz et la formation des gisements, le r ôle rounding their pools. principal est joué par: le transport du pétrole à l'état The processes of filtration are found to be most intensive de dissolution dans les gaz comprimés et dans l'eau; during tectonic shifts and they can cause the degassing une libération du gaz et des constituants de pétrole dissous 3f a pool within a short period of time. dans l'eau; la condensation des hydrocarbures liquides des Gas anomalies observed on various levels of a section and gaz pendant l'abaissement des temperatures et pression, i n surface layers above oil and gas pools testify to the et le flottement du pétrole et du gaz dans les aquifères et vertical migration of gases and to continuous processes of les massifs. dissemination of oil and gas pools. Les accumulations de pétrole et de gaz formées sont expo-Diffusion coefficients D, for various types of rocks studied sées à la dissipation comme conséqu