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Abstract. In the Gifhorn trough E of Hanover (see fig. 1 l), gr ès quartzeux d'Aalénien qui sont interstratifi és à une orthoquartzites of upper Aalenian age are the main pay s érie épaisse d'argiles illitiques gris-foncées. Des rehorizons. They are embedded in a thick series of dark cherches de la structure géologique, appuyées par des grey, marine illitic shales. Structural investigations, sup- mesures de la porosit é et la diagenèse des argiles ainsi ported by shale porosity and diagenesis studies as well que par des interpr étations de sonic logs ont fourni une a s interpretations of sonic logs, enabled the reconstruc - histoire détaillée de la subsidence et formation des t ion of the history of subsidence and trap-development. pièges. The time of oil accumulation has been determined by II a été possible de déterminer les époques de I'accumusand diagenesis measurements in combination with cub- lation du p étrole par la combinaison de diagrammes sidence diagrams of the wells. The diagenesis of quartz d'abaissement avec une étude de la diagenèse du quartz. depends mainly on the overburden pressure and is inter - Avant tout elle dépend de la pression et est interrompue r upted by the oil accumulation. Therefore it indicates the par l'accumulation du pétrole. Ainsi elle montre la plus m aximum depth of burial before oil accumulation (fig. 5). grande subsidence jamais atteinte avant l'accumulation O nly a minor relationship exists between geological du p étrole (fig. 5). h istory and properties of the degasified oils. The light Tandis que les caract éristiques du p étrole ne dépendent hydrocarbons, however, increase considerably with the que peu de l 'histoire des r éservoirs et ainsi refl ètent les depth of burial (e. g. bubble points: 141 +3140 p.s.i.a.; roches-mère largement homogènes, les hydrocarbures methane: 0,17+26,9 weight % of reservoir hydrocar- l égers déterminés par des mesures d'autoclaves sont en bons; fig. 1 O). Probably, the migrating hydrocarbons have forte augmentation avec la profondeur de la subsidence been uniformly rich in natural gas. In most reservoirs, (par ex., augmentation des bubble points de 9.9 à 220 at however, much of the gas has been lost by selective dif - et de la teneur en méthane de 0.17 à 26.9 poids % des fusion, which was controlled by the porosity of the cover hydrocarbures dans les r éservoirs; fig. 1 O). shales during accumulation of oil. The connection bet- En conséquence, les HC migrant vers les pièges étaient ween the loss of the light hydrocarbons and surface gas uniform ément riches en gaz. Aux réservoirs, il yavait une survey is stressed. perte de gaz par diffusion sélective, contr ôl ée par la The migration in the Gifhorn through was confined to the porosit é des argiles superposé
- Europe > Germany > Lower Saxony (0.71)
- Europe > Hungary > Heves County > Eger (0.24)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Jurassic > Middle Jurassic > Aalenian (0.56)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Cretaceous > Upper Cretaceous (0.47)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Cretaceous > Lower Cretaceous (0.46)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.68)
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate > Tectosilicate > Quartz (0.49)
- South America > Peru > Parinas Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > North Kuwait Jurassic (NKJ) Fields > Marrat Formation > Upper Marrat Formation (0.98)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > North Kuwait Jurassic (NKJ) Fields > Marrat Formation > Sargelu Formation (0.98)
- (3 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Integration of geomechanics in models (0.96)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Phase behavior and PVT measurements (0.86)
Abstract. Controlled PVT oil production process is essenti- source of energy. It is a technique of continuous deteriorally an improved oil well completion technique which will ation of flow conditions in the reservoir to the detriment of permit the control of oil reservoir pressure, of flow volume high oil recovery. Early in the life of a field Decline PVT and of tempenature and the use of original energy for ut- calls for energy injection which means artifical lift and a most oilfield efficiency and oil recovery. The system estab- capital investment which can be avoided with Controlled lishes the control of these parameters in the reservoir PVT. Decline PVT is characterized by low efficiency, high proper as against present flow techniques of surface control capital investment, waste in the reservoir and gas flaring, by a choke at the well head. all of which sum up as high cost oil. Controlled Pressure-Volume-Temperature oil production is Controlled PVT produces a premium oil in the field with the a fundamental concept in the flow of oil and gas from a conservation of oil, gas and energy in the oilfields at a pool. Original reservoir energy, namely heat and gravity, minimum capital investment, it is low cost oil, hence more are utilized under control for utmost oil flow by profitable than current oil flow. Oil produced by this proestablishing optimum PVT conditions in a hydraulic (gra- cess in the future will be primary low cost oil. There will vity) and in a thermodynamic (heat) flow circuit, between be no secondary high cost oil. the oil and gas reservoir and the surface installations. It complements the material, balance concept of flowing oil Résumé%. La production du pétrole sous le contrôle des PVT from a reservoir with an energy balance of the flow circuit. est essentiellement une méthode améliorée de complétion It conserves energy and consequently oil and gas. It calls des puits de pétrole qui permettra le contrôle de la presfor gas reinjection of all the associated gas and carries this sion du réservoir, du volume d'écoulement et de la tempé- out with a hydrocarbon fluid gas andlor oil injection system rature et l'emploi de l'énergie originale pour le rendement at the well site without the use of mechanical compressors maximum. Le procédé établit le contrôle de ces paramètres or pumps. This will end all gas flaring. The process intro- dans le réservoir même contrairement à la technique actuduces an economic concept in the flow at the well site to elle qui contrôle l'écoulement à la surface par une valve produce a premium crude to meet broad world market spe- (choke) à la tête du puits. cifications by utilizing a packed column as a gas-oil sepa- Ce procédé de production du pétrole sous le contrôle de la rator and heating the crude oil slightly above reservoir pression, du volume et de la température est un concept tempera
Abstract. The Pembina field, located in Western Canada Résumé%. Le champ de Pembina, situé dans l'ouest du in the Province of Alberta, was discovered in 1953 by So- Canada dans la Province d'Alberta, fut découvert en 1953 cony Mobil Oil of Canada, Ltd. Production isobtained from par la Société Cocony Mobil Oil of Canada, Limited. Le the Cardium sand, a stratified, low permeability, strati- pétrole provient d'un sable, bien stratifié mais de faible graphic trap. In areal extent, it is one of the world's largest perméabilité, dans le Crétacé Supérieur dénommé le Car- ((solution-gas-drive reservoirs. Development to date covers dium Sand », qui forme une accumulation stratigraphique an area of nearly 645 square miles on spacing varying de grande étendue. Ce réservoir, qui produit par la force from 80-acres to 320-acres per well. Primary oil production seule du gaz dissous dans le pétrole, est un des plus grands i s stimulated by fracing and the depth of the producing réservoirs de ce genre au monde. A l'heure actuelle, interval averages 5,100 feet. l'étendue du champ développé couvre environ 1675 kms. Gas-oil ratio penalties were incurred early in the produc- carrés (645 miles carrés), les puits étant emplacés sur des tive life of the reservoir, largely due to severe pressure locations en surface de 32 hectares (80 acres) à 130 hectares drawdown within the reservoir near producing wells. It (320 acres). La production est stimulée par le ((fracing du)) soon became evident that, if pressure maintenance were réservoir, qui se trouve à une profondeur moyenne de 1550 economically feasible, it should be instituted early to elimi- mètres (5100 pieds). nate gas-oil ratio penalties and to increase oil production Peu après la mise en production de ce champ, le déclin potential. Full-scale water-flooding was started during late sévère de la pression du gisement causa des restrictions de 1956 on a 160-acre five-spot pattern and gas-flooding production dues à l'augmentation rapide du c(gas-oil during late 1957 in the southeast corner of the Pembina ratio ». II fut bientôt apparent que si un moyen économique Cardium pool on a 320-acre five-spot pattern. As a result de maintenir la pression était faisable, un tel procédé o f the success of the early projects, some 215,360 acres devrait être institué le plus tôt possible pour éliminer ces are under water-flood and 44,400 acres are undergoing restrictions et augmenter la production de pétrole. L'injecother forms of pressure maintenance as of December, tion d'eau dans le sable Cardium commença vers la fin 1962. de 1956 sur le modèle dit un cc 160-acre five-spot pattern)) The applicability of various flood prediction methods is et l'injection de gaz vers la fin de 1957 dans le sud-est du reviewed and a comparison of performance with prediction cha
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Yellowhead County (0.35)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Wetaskiwin County No. 10 (0.35)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Ponoka County (0.35)
- (3 more...)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.46)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.46)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin > Pembina Field > Viking Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin > Pembina Field > Cardium Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin > Cardium Field > Cardium Formation (0.98)
- North America > United States > Montana > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin (0.91)
Abstract. Geological features of the Tres Hermanos Field Résumé%. II s'agit d'une description des caract éristiques are described. This is an oil and gas reservoir with a géologiques du Champ P étrolif ère «Tres Hermanos. qui high carbon dioxide content, in a clastic porous Middle est un gisement de p étrole et de gaz ayant une teneur Cretaceous - limestone under the influence of Tertiary élevée en bioxyde de carbone, en calcaire clastique pointrusive igneous rocks. reux de l'ère crétacée moyenne, affecté par des intrusions In order to discuss the primary exploitation procedures ignées tertiaires. and the convenience of secondary recovery methods to Les effets du bioxyde de carbone sur le comportement du be applied in this field, analyses of the carbon dioxide gisement sont analysés; les caract éristiques générales e ffects on the reservoir performance are carried out. de ce dernier sont décrites, et la question des procédés d'exploitation primaire et de l 'utilit é de l'application de méthodes de r écup ération secondaire est examinée. then, 120 producing wells have been drilled. Daily INTRODUCTION production is 3000 m3. Cumulative production of over 1,230,000m3 of oil and 285,000,000m3 of gas The greatest percentage of Mexican petroleum has been obtained to February 1962. production has been derived from rocks that be- The average oil and gas ratio is of 150m3 × m3 long to the Cretaceous Period. Such is the case of and the field shows an average pressure of 206 th, e Tres Hermanos Field which lies approximately kg/cm2 at an average depth of 1920 m. below sea 80 kms. SSW from the Puerto de Tampico on the level. Figure 2 shows a graph of data obtained Gulf Coastal planes (Figure 1). until February 28, 1962. Several dry holes were drilled after geologic It is of interest to note that gas produced from and geophysical exploration of the Tres Hermanos this field is 6Oo/o COZ. Inasmuch as this is not area was concluded. Petroleos Mexicanos, the common in all Mexican oil fields, it is important to national petroleum industry is the sole operator. attempt to find out the factors that originated such Oil and gas production was found upon the drilling an abnormal condition, its effect on the field 'exof the Tres Hermanos 105 well in July 1959. Since ploitation, and the possibilities of finding similar characteristics elsewhere in Mexico. * Much attention has been given in recent years Rivas Gómez, Santiago / Mexican / Petroleum Engineer / Univers. Nacional Autónoma de Mexico / Chief of the Reservoir Engineering to methods of secondary recovery of oil by means Department at Tampico. of the injection o carbonated water into the reser- * * MartÍnez RÍos, Miguel / Mexican / Mining and Methallurgical En- voir, or through the inj
- North America > Mexico > Veracruz (1.00)
- South America > Chile > Santiago Metropolitan > Santiago (0.24)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Cretaceous (0.55)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic (0.47)
- Geology > Rock Type > Igneous Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.72)
- North America > Mexico > Veracruz > Tampico-Misantla Basin > Tres Hermanos Field (0.99)
- North America > Mexico > Veracruz > Tampico-Misantla Basin > San Andres Field (0.99)
- North America > Mexico > Veracruz > Tampico-Misantla Basin > Poza Rica Field (0.99)
- (2 more...)
Abstract. The San Andrés Field is a low permeability re- Résumé. Le gisement de San Andrés, constitué par des servoir of the Jurassic and one of its principal character- calcaires du jurassique de faible perméabilité, est caracistics is the remarkable undersaturated state of the oil térisé en premier lieu par l'état de sous-saturation con- (Pi - Pb = 290 kg/cm2). sidérable du pétrole. (Pi-pb = 290 kg/cm2). Geological aspect, development and the performance by La présente étude comprend l'aspect géologique du giseprimary recovery above bubble point and below, to criti- ment ainsi que son développement et son comportement cal gas saturation pressure are discussed. Optimum flow pendant l'exploitation primaire jusqu'à l'atteinte de la conditions in the wells to achieve maximum recovery are saturation critique en gaz, et l'analyse des conditions analysed. optima d'écoulement dans les puits afin d'obtenir la ré- Secondary recovery by water injection is evaluated. Re- cupération maximale. La récupération secondaire par insults are expected to be confirmed by means of the seven- jection d'eau est évaluée, et les résultats obtenus sont spot water pilot test, also described. considérés comme confirmés par l'essai-pilote selon le système des 7 puits. INTRODUCTION The San Andrés Field is located (Figure i) on N ANDRES FIELD the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico, in the sedimentary basin of Tampico-Misantla, 40 kilometers southeast of the Poza Rica Field, in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. This field is composed of four reservoirs in different productive formations: namely, the limestone of San Andrés, the northern part of which is overlaid with the Tamabra limestone, while the whole field is covered with the Lower Tamaulipas calCaFenites and with the Chicontepec sandstone. The San Andrés reservoir, which because of its size is the most important in this field, contains hydrocarbons which in their original condition were very undersaturated. The original pressure, measured in the first productive well, was 466.1 Kg/cm2 at 3050 m Figure 1 Location map of the San Andrés Field Authors' Biographies vide last page li 117 1 Km. Figure 2 Structural map of the top of the porous limestone. 118 San Andrés Reservoir below sea level. This is considlered abnormally With the exception of the western flank, where high for a reservoir with a mean dlepth of 3100 m. there is a diminution of permeability, the reser-The reservoir was discovered by means of the voir is limited by the presence of an inclined results obtained from seismological exploration water-oil contact, the position of which was deterand from the drilling of well San Andrés No. 1, in mined by means of conventional electric logs in poro
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock > Limestone (0.66)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (0.40)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Disposal/Injection (0.34)
- North America > Mexico > Veracruz > Tampico-Misantla Basin > San Andres Field (0.99)
- North America > Mexico > Veracruz > Tampico-Misantla Basin > Poza Rica Field (0.99)
On introduit le brut entier dans une in less than two hours has been devised.
- Europe (0.68)
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania (0.28)
- North America > United States > California (0.28)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Downstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (0.93)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Mud logging / surface measurements (0.53)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Geochemical characterization (0.53)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Phase behavior and PVT measurements (0.40)