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The need and importance of accurate prediction Résumé. Le besoin et l'importance de pronostics et and analysis of pressure variations along the length. of d'analyses exactes des variations de pression tout le long the flow string in oil wells, and the various ways in which de la colonne d'extraction dans les puits de pétrole, et les this problem has been dealt with in the past are discussed manières différentes de résoudre ce problème sont traitées in an introductory note.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- Europe > Netherlands > South Holland (0.28)
- South America > Venezuela > Zulia > Maracaibo Basin > La Paz Field (0.99)
- South America > Venezuela > Zulia > Maracaibo Basin > Mara Field (0.89)
Abstract. The report deals with trends in turbodrilling - the Much attention is being paid to the development of botbasic drilling technique in the USSR. tom-hole electrodrills. As a result of increased average, depths of oil wells all over Extensive work is being done to improve electrodrilling the USSR, (drillers are faced with the problem of increasing systems, which will result in considerably wider application the rates of penetration per bit travel at sufficiently high of this technique in the near future. cutting speeds. The problem can be solved by selecting optimum relationships between torques and bit revolutions because rock bits available cannot ensure sufficiently long operation at Résumé%. La communication traite des tendances dans la horsepowers developed in modern turbodrilling equip- technique du turbo-forage, qui est la principale méthode ment. utilisée en URSS. The progress in turbodrilling is going along two lines: Etant donné que les profondeurs moyennes de forage en 1 - Combined operation of turbodrills (with turbines URSS se sont accrues, les foreurs doivent s'efforcer d'augcharacterized by a pressure curve falling towards menter l'avancement par entraillement, tout en maintenant the braking point) and axial mud pumps having des vitesses de forage assez grandes. flexible performance characteristics. Puisque les rock-bits dont on dispose actuellement ne sont 2 - Increasing the number of stages in standard sectional- pas à même de permettre une durée de fonctionnement turbodrill turbines, simultaneously decreasing their ossez longue, quand on leur transmet la puissance usuelle production and maintenance costs. dans le turbo-forage moderne, la solution du problème est The first trend leads to developing turbodrills having per- possible en établissant des rapports optimum entre les formance characteristics enabling (in case of adequate voleurs du couple et le nombre de révolutions du trépan. torques) to obtain a speed range of 40 to 300 r.p.m. with Le perfectionnement du forage à la turbine est réalisé suislightly lower horsepower on the turbodrill shaft. vant deux directions: The second trend leads to developing turbodrills having En utilisant des turbines pour forages, dont la courbe a speed range of 300 to 500 r.p.m., also at adequate de pression baisse vers le point de freinage, en comtorques. Such turbodrills ensure greater horsepower. binaison avec des pompes à boue axiales, dont les Much work carried out along these lines resulted in the performances sont caractérisées par une grande development of certain types of turbodrills. Adequate test- flexibilité. ing in oil wells at various depths proved the efficiency of En augmentant, dans les turbo-foreuses à sections, the turbodrills in question. le nombre d'étages #des turbines standard, réduisan
- Asia (0.69)
- North America > United States > California (0.28)
Abstract. When we consider the new developments in non-destructive testing in the last fewyears, the first thing that strikes us is the greater perfection of the equipment used and the trend towards increased portability of these units. In recent years no really new inspection methods have been introduced, but the field of application of the various techniques has been further extended. A gradual extension of the automation that started some years ago may now be observed, and this will offer interesting new prospects. The introduction of automation is not only based on economic grounds (speeding up inspection) but is often required to ensure successful inspection in a technically sound manner. Restricting the subject to weld inspection, mechanisation in transport and the positioning of a radiating source in radiographic inspection may be mentioned as examples of automation in this field. The possibilities which this automation opens for the inspection of welds in pipelines speak for themselves. There is also the semi-automatic scanning of welds by means of ultrasonics. Here, other aspects of automation come to the fore, namely those whereby the sound's behaviour is observed by electronic circuits, and the selection for "go and no go". Résumé. Le développement récent des essais nondestructifs montre à première vue une perfection agrandie de l'appareillage utilisé et un effort pour augmenter la portabilité des appareils. Pendant les années passées on n'a pas introduit des méthodes nouvelles d'inspection, mais l'application des techniques diverses a été étendue. On observe depuis quelques années un élargissement graduel de l'automatisation et cela offre des aspects nouveaux et intéressants. L'introduction de l'automatisation n'est pas basée exclusivement sur des raisons économiques (accélération de l'inspection) mais on exige souvent une inspection étendue dans une manière techniquement suffisante. En limitant sur l'inspection des soudures, la mécanisation du transport et la mise en position de la source radiante pour l'inspection radiographique sont mentionnées comme des exemples de l'automatisation qui offre de nouveaux aspects pour l'inspection des soudures dans des pipelines. On peut exécuter un balayage semi-automatique des soudures par des ultra-sons qui révèle d'autres possibilités d'automatisation par exemple l'observation du comportement du son par des circuits électroniques, et la sélection de go and no go m. Introduction . in practically all phases in the history of an oil refinery. This testing begins at the earliest stage: the examination of the material intended for the erection of an installation. Plate material is checked for laamined by ultrasonic, magnetic or magneto-induc- In the course of the years non-destructiv
- Energy > Oil & Gas (1.00)
- Health & Medicine > Diagnostic Medicine > Imaging (0.69)
Abstract. New developments in pipeline engineering and construction are usually the result of prior trends in the pipeline industry. Fixed costs of pipeline operation account for approximately 90 percent of the total transportation cost. Since capital costs determine the fixed costs, new developments are concentrated upon reduction of capital costs. Engineering design must be based upon not onlyhydraulics and mechanics, but also upon economics. Installed pipe accounts for 75 to 80 percent of total pipeline system cost; therefore, the most significant engineering and construction developments relate to the pipe. Design trends are towards effecting savings through the use of large diameter, thinwall pipe. These savings must be protected by adequate inspection and control both in the mill and in the field. Other design trends include the use of centrifugal pumps and compressors, rotary type power units, and the use of local-automatic pump stations. Construction developments center on improved weld quality, faster welding, and better quality control. Automatic field welding is now practical. Pipelines can be expected to be used to transport new materials - coal appears promising. The center of pipeline activity is shifting from America to Europe and Africa. Résumé. Les développements nouveaux de l'étude et de la pose des pipelines résultent en général des tendances passées de l'industrie des pipelines. Les frais fixes d'exploitation d'une pipeline représentent à peu près 90 pour-cent du prix total de transport. Puisque les frais d'installation déterminent les frais fixes, les développements nouveaux sont gouvernés par la réduction des frais d'installation. L'étude technique ne doit pas seulement tenir compte des données hydrauliques et mécaniques, mais aussi des facteurs économiques. Le tuyau posé représente 75 à 80 pour-cent du prix de revient de l'ensemble de la pipeline; par conséquent, les développements les plus significatifs de l'étude et de la pose concernent le tube même. La tendance est de réduire le coût des projets en employant des tubes de gros diamètres et à parois minces. Ces économies doivent être sauvegardées par une inspection et une surveillance efficace à l'usine et sur les chantiers. D'autres tendances conduisent à l'emploi de pompes centrifuges, de compresseurs et de moteurs rotatifs ainsi qu'à l'utilisation de stations de pompage à commande locale et automatique. Les développements de la pose s'appliquent à perfectionner la qualité de la soudure, à accélérer le soudage et à améliorer l'efficacité de la surveillance. La soudure automatique est maintenant applicable sur chantier. On peut envisager d'utiliser les pipelines pour le transport d'autres matières, comme le charbon par exempl
INTRODUCTION deeper water has posed many problems that are unique to the oil industry such as proper anchoring of Management and engineering personnel in drilling vessels, remote control of subsea drilling equipment, and production are making real progress in reducing proper design of riser conduits, and the development costs and increasing productivity and petroleum re- of the art of operating ships and drilling machinery serves. While situations vary in different parts of the simultaneously under adverse weather conditions. world, one definable goal is probably common to all Wellhead installations are another sector in which in drilling and production. This goal is to recover the expanding offshore operation is leading to deparmost petroleum from the reservoir with the least tures from land-based patterns. Considerable thought expenditure of manpower, money and materials. The has been devoted to installations in which the diristterm "most" may have different connotations, de- mas tree is located at the ocean floor, or perhaps 100 pending on geography, timing and immediate need. feet below the surface of the water. Up to now most To achieve this goal, many segments of the world underwater wellhead installations have been in petroleum industry have made contributions to the shallow waters, assembled and serviced with the total technology. The impact of this technology has help of a diver. However, techniques for diverless advanced drilling and production in many ways. I installations also have been developed recently, and hope this review paper will do justice to te more the day may be coming when wells will be drilled, important of these developments. Much of this report completed and produced in water as deep as a thouis based on the status of developments in North sand feet or more. America, or at least on that portion of the world's Logistics problems are claiming more and more industry where technology is common to that of attention as the oil industry spreads world-wide to North America. operate in such climatical and geographical extremes as the Arctic Circle and equatorial areas. Sudi operations have required months of planning to in-DRILLING sure that all of the material and equipment is on hand when needed. Even such basic materials as cements Offshore drilling is gaining momentum all over the have been transported over distances up to 10,000 world, from the arctic waters of Alaska to the tropical miles. Lack of conventional transportation facilities Persian Gulf. The trend in wildcat drilling is away has required the ingenious use of aircraft, special from platforms rigidly attached to the ocean floor trucks, and completely redesigned marine equipment and movable structures resting on bottom. Drilling is conveyances. Complete living facilities are provided more and more often performed from floating vessels. for key personnel, and a concerted effort is made to The operation of
- North America > United States > Alaska (0.24)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Arabian Gulf (0.24)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Midland Basin > Spraberry Field > Spraberry Formation (0.98)
- North America > Canada (0.89)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Equipment (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Casing and Cementing (1.00)
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