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Collaborating Authors
Offshore pipelines
Abstract With the oil industryโs continued quest for oil and gas in frontier offshore locations, several developments have taken place in regions characterized by seasonal ice cover including the US Beaufort, North Caspian, and Sakhalin Island. In these projects, pipeline transportation systems have been used, which are a cost effective, safe and reliable mode of hydrocarbon transport to shore. Ice gouging is one of the key design issues that affect engineering considerations with respect to strain based design, target burial depth requirements, cost, and safety. It is generally accepted that offshore pipelines in ice environments will need to be trenched and backfilled for protection. Burial depths can be greater than those that might normally be required for pipelines in temperate climates. Burial depth requirements will be a function of the design ice gouge depth (to prevent interaction between the ice and pipe) and an acceptable level of subgouge deformation beneath a gouging ice keel (which potentially strains the pipeline). There still exists uncertainty on the magnitude and extent of subgouge soil deformations due to ice gouging and the importance of sediment transport mechanisms for biasing gouge statistics. Other challenges that must be considered include strudel and hydrodrnamic scour, thaw settlement and frost heave, and upheaval buckling. These considerations may also influence burial depth requirements.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Russia > Far Eastern Federal District > Sakhalin Oblast (0.25)
- Asia > Russia > Far Eastern Federal District > Sakhalin Island > Sea of Okhotsk (0.24)
- North America > Canada > Quebec > Arctic Platform (0.97)
- North America > Canada > Nunavut > Arctic Platform (0.97)
Abstract Recently offshore pipelines are under active construction in the Russian Federation. The main advantages are their operating reliability, cost effectiveness, high efficiency and simplicity of operation. Offshore pipelines require differentiated approach to adopted technical and technological decisions depending on the natural and climatic characteristics of the region. Stability plays an important role for reliable and safe operation of offshore pipelines. One of the main conditions for stability is the strict adherence to standards and rules of calculation and design. But the standards cannot include all factors and force impacts to be taken into account. There are only general requirements to calculation and design of pipeline systems. Whereas the technical feasibility of all basic parameters necessary for reliability of offshore pipelines must be chosen and substantiated on early stages of design. Stability of a pipeline depends on environmental loads and the trench (seabed) profile [1]. When calculating stability it is assumed that pipeline must preserve stable position on the seabed even in maximum possible seabed deformations in places where no soil layer is designed above the pipeline. Where there is no current influencing the trench of pipeline filled with the transported product buoyant force equal to the float displacement will be acting. Float displacement depends on the water-mass density: increase of density results in increase of buoyant force and reduction of pipeline stability on the bottom of the watered trench. Works for development of hydrocarbon offshore fields (offshore pipeline lay, dumping) lead to concentration of suspended matter that manifold exceeds the natural level (figure 1). Time of existence and extent of suspended matter cloud can be determined by factors, the most significant of which are as follows: method of dredging (implementation of machines - dredging machines, sand suckers, hydraulic monitors, etc.); method and scope of disposal; current speed and depth at the disposal point; granulometric composition of suspended matter.
- Europe > Russia (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.94)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.69)
Abstract The article describes a method of investigation the impact of the ice field on the dive sites offshore oil in Arctic. There is an example of the calculation of the durability and steadiness of large diameter offshore (sea) pipeline, laid in the ground with a deep when pairing offshore and onshore areas with the influence of ice formation. The study shows that even small seas compared to the ocean icebergs ice formation in the Arctic of the Northern Russian lead to loss of steadiness and shape of the steel pipe and lead to the destruction of the outer concrete coating line. The paper also describes the basic design decisions made with consideration of the impact of ice formations on offshore oil facilities, and provides a map of the waters of the Russian Arctic with zones marked on it with the possible danger to the objects which are under study. The map was compiled from publicly available data into account AARI, monographs of researchers of Arctic region, as well as the bathymetry.
- Europe > Russia (0.48)
- North America > United States > Colorado > Cheyenne County (0.26)
- North America > Canada > Quebec > Arctic Platform (0.97)
- North America > Canada > Nunavut > Arctic Platform (0.97)