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Collaborating Authors
Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation
Use of Mud Gas Chromatograph for Reservoir Quality Prediction While Drilling - A Case Study
Dashti, Jalal (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Mulla, Khaled (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Kandari, Eman (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Ajmi, Bader (Kuwait Oil Company) | Rao, Sudhakar (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Qattan, Faisal (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Kandari, Abdullah (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Bedawi, Yousef (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Meshilah, Thuwaini (Kuwait Oil Company) | Sabri, Hamid (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Adwani, Khalid (Kuwait Oil Company) | Estarabadi, Javad (Geolog International Name(s), Company) | Shoeibi, Ahmad (Geolog International Name(s), Company) | Ferroni, Gionata (Geolog International Name(s), Company) | Janbakhsh, Mehrdad (Geolog International Name(s), Company)
Abstract While drilling through a reservoir, a lot of valuable information can be obtained from mud logging to support formation evaluation. Field data will help wellsite geologists, petrophysicist and reservoir engineers to predict reservoir quality, fluid contacts and reservoir permeability based on formation gases detected while drilling. This study discusses some examples from exploratory wells that have recently been drilled in Kuwait. Gas readings were recorded while drilling through Cretaceous and deep Jurassic formations to evaluate hydrocarbon content using Advanced Gas Chromatography. The primary components of the system utilized are: a constant volume gas extractor, a gas sample flow control system, and a high resolution chromatographic system. To interpret the findings Gas readings are monitored by a complex system which provides real-time continuous measurements of the concentration of formation gases from very light components such as methane, to heavy components such as C6, C7 and C8 hydrocarbon species, comprising n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, benzene and toluene. Formation gas is considered as the first indication of a reservoir's fluid characterization and reflects the extent of the productivity of the well. Geochemical ratios and equations can enhance the interpretation of field data and give the first indication of zones of interest that need further evaluation. The integration of the gas data along with the drilling parameters (ROP, ΔFlow) can be of valuable inputs to quantify the Rock properties such as porosity and permeability, this new approach can extend the utilization of gas data not only for formation evaluation and fluid characterization but also for formation petro-physical structure. To take advantage of the field data, the gas readings are plotted on a depth log, which can be easily integrated with other data. Geochemical equations are plotted against depth and lithology to determine fluid type, contacts and evolution.
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone ("Partitioned Zone") > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Wafra Joint Operations Block > Wafra Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone ("Partitioned Zone") > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Wafra Joint Operations Block > Wafra Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Ahmadi Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Ratawi Formation (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Mud logging / surface measurements (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- (2 more...)
An Innovative Approach to Formation Evaluation with a Sourceless LWD Technology for the First Time in Joint Operations, A Case Study From Partitioned Zone Between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia
Al-Rubaiyea, Jamal (Kuwait Gulf Oil Company) | Al-Bader, Ahmad (Kuwait Gulf Oil Company) | Al-Houli, Meshari (Kuwait Gulf Oil Company) | Al-Najim, Abdul-aziz (Saudi Arabian Chevron) | Al-Duwaish, Majed (Saudi Arabian Chevron) | Elsherif, Ahmed (Schlumberger)
Abstract The South Fuwaris Field is located in the Partitioned Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The Lower Cretaceous Ratawi reservoirs were discovered in 1961, and production commenced in 1963. There are two major reservoirs – the Ratawi Limestone, which is predominantly developed by vertical wells, and the Ratawi Oolite, which is exclusively developed by horizontal wells. The reservoirs comprise low-moderate permeability limestone. The use of Logging While Drilling (LWD) tools which utilise natural radioactive sources has been always risky since losing radioactive source will necessitates a complex procedure to abandon side track the hole. Recently, a new LWD logging technique that incorporates Pulsed Neutron Generators (PNG) was introduced to Wafra Joint Operations (WJO). This new technique acts generates multiple measurements (Resistivity / Density / Neutron / Sigma / Spectroscopy). The PNG uses electrical power generated from the measurement-while-drilling (MWD) turbine to generate a large cloud of fast neutrons. These fast neutrons interact with the formation atoms to generate formation hydrogen index, sigma, and spectroscopy data. In addition, the fast neutron interactions generate a secondary gamma ray cloud that can be used to measure formation density (similar to standard density measurement). This innovative technique was used for for Wafra Joint Operations in the South Fuwaris Field, with great success. The tool was run in a pilot hole with an inclination of 60°, cutting the Ratawi Limestone and Ratawi Oolite reservoirs. The acquired data were of excellent quality in comparison with conventional LWD data. The formation sigma was used in the water saturation calculations. Spectroscopy analysis was also recorded and used for formation evaluation, especially for clay content. Finally, the new technique has been proven as a good risk mitigation / elimination for future operations.
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone (0.45)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone (0.45)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea > Åre Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Pre-Khuff Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Khuff Formation (0.99)
- (15 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Logging while drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
Successful Proactive Geo-steering in Clastic Reservoir of Greater Burgan Field
Bahman, Hussasin Ali (Kuwait Oil Company) | Hajeyya, Abdullah Khalid (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Zankawi, Omran (Kuwait Oil Company) | Mukherjee, Pradip Kumar (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Sabea, Salem Hamad (Kuwait Oil Company) | Mohammed Ali, Farida (Kuwait Oil Company)
Abstract Geo-steering is a very critical part of today's field development economics, our production targets are getting more complex, thinner oil columns, which need more complex geo-steering, continual improvement needed in People, technology and processes. Drilling a well at an angle other than vertical can obtain more information by hitting the production targets and stimulate reservoirs in ways that cannot be achieved with a simple vertical well which became a valuable ability in oil business. To augment this aspect Kuwait Oil Company has established Geo-steering Center (Fig-1) which has become the hub for decision making while the well is getting drilled for landing at top of reservoir or lateral is being drilled (Fig-2). The establishment of Geo-steering control Room in FD (S&EK) is an outcome because of constant supervision and direct guidance by manager of Field Development South and East Kuwait, which added a new dimension to drilling the modern horizontal wells in the Greater Burgan Field. The team of Geologists of FD (S&EK) in this collaboration center ensures that horizontal wells are steered correctly and safely to their final targets. The Geo-steering center can be operated 24 hours a day if require. Each geologist may be responsible for as many as 3 wells in different fields (BG, MG & AH) and different reservoirs. Like driving, geo-steering requires constant attention and dedication all the time. The center recently moved into a new and expanded facility that is equipped with the latest in visualization, communication and computer technology in order to properly place and geologically navigate us with many complex horizontal wells path in Greater Burgan field. Geo-steering horizontal wells can be done remotely from the center, with data coming into the center from more than one well at any given time. For every well, Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) sensors near the drill bit send information about the Lithology and directional survey of the well to the control unit at the rig from where data is then transmitted by satellite to the geo-steering center. The team developed software instantly can load the data so geologists can see on their workstations the LWD and trajectory data to determine where the drill bit is in relation to the drilling plan and the reservoir target.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (0.93)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (0.95)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Ahmadi Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Greater Burgan Field > Wara Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Ahmadi Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Greater Burgan Field > Ratawi Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Ahmadi Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Greater Burgan Field > Mauddud Formation (0.99)
- (13 more...)
- Well Drilling > Well Planning > Trajectory design (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Logging while drilling (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Information Technology > Architecture > Real Time Systems (0.71)
- Information Technology > Communications (0.49)
Abstract Sabriya Mauddud original development plan was based on an inverted 9 spot pattern to produce oil from multi carbonate reservoir layers. Recently, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) implemented a paradigm shift to an intensive campaign for drilling horizontal wells in the Mauddud Formation in North Kuwait. The lateral section extended for a long interval penetrating different facies of the Maudud carbonate reservoir. The need for advanced formation evaluation was highlighted as critical where the complex pore structure will play a big role in fluid mobility. Formation mobility in carbonate reservoirs has been always a challenge in any formation evaluation. The Sabriya Mauddud Formation is a ramp system, ranging from shallow restricted and barrier shoal / rudist buildup to outer ramp sedimentation. Mauddud carbonate is divided into two parts, a lower (Maj-MaG/F), belongs to outer to middle ramp dominated with intermittent influxes of Burgan delta shoreface sandstone sediments. The upper Mauddud (MaF to MaA) is inner ramp, barrier shoal / rudist build up and shallow restricted Packstone / Grainstone facies. The best reservoir quality is in the inner / middle ramp and barrier shoal / rudist build-up facies of MaE, MaD, MaC and MaB. The current strategy in Mauddud development plans is to produce high (MaB/MaC) and inject low (MaE/MaD). The LWD resistivity was used in this field to measure resistivity (Laterolog type) to calculate water saturation. In addition, due to the fact that LWD tools measure while rotating, several resistivity images with different depths of investigation were also available in real time and recorded mode. In this case, the LWD resistivity imaging was used to study azimuthal formation porosity distribution in order to quantify the different porosity portions (Primary / Secondary). Following that, an empirical equation was used to determine formation permeability profile. This qualitative profile is calibrated to the formation pressure / mobility with high vertical resolution to enhance permeability calculations compared to derived permeability from standard open-hole logs. Facies determination were obtained based on porosity spectrum, amount of secondary porosity combined with relevant logging results using neural network technique. This is significant to optimize well placement in the best reservoir rock types (grainstones, rudist build up and packstones). This has been proved as successful technique for horizontal well ICD completion compartmentalization design.
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate (0.41)
- Asia > Middle East > Qatar > Arabian Gulf (0.40)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment > Marine Environment > Shallow Water Marine Environment (0.65)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (0.47)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Pre-Khuff Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Khuff Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Pre-Khuff Formation (0.99)
- (8 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Logging while drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Carbonate reservoirs (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Implementation of Formation Pressure While Drilling for Cost Optimization and Efficient Operations in Complex Structural Geology Field: A Case Study From the UAE
Haggag, Mostafa (SPEC) | Thakur, Parmanand (ADCO) | Hammadi, Djelloul (ADCO) | Edris, Adib (ADCO) | Al Arfi, SAIF (ADCO) | Akhtar, Muhammad Javid (ADCO) | Molua, Sammy (Schlumberger) | Qleibo, Meretta (Schlumberger)
Abstract The field under study is an elongated NE-SW faulted anticline which has a main axis length of around 25 km and a width of approximately 6km located onshore UAE. The main hydrocarbon accumulations occur in the Lower Cretaceous-Thamama Group. This group is comprised of a series of carbonate reservoirs with well-developed porosity, but low to moderate permeability. This paper discusses the implementation of acquiring Formation Pressure While-Drilling (FPWD) applied for better understanding and mitigating the geological structure uncertainties. The results were used to obtain accurate reservoir pressure measurements while drilling horizontal wells that intersected multiple fault blocks. Formation pressure measurements acquired while drilling (FPWD) have numerous applications including mud weight optimization to reduce drilling risk, control well placement in pay zones to maximize reservoir contact (MRC), and for better reservoir management by evaluating the connectivity between different fault blocks. This paper will discuss the theory and the operational sequences of the FPWD tool as well as the results of some case studies in the implementation of the FPWD runs in an onshore Abu Dhabi carbonate field.
- Europe (0.94)
- North America > United States (0.93)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE > Abu Dhabi Emirate > Abu Dhabi (0.24)
Establishing Mobility Profile in a Carbonate Reservoir Using LWD Imaging Technology, A Case Study From Partitioned Zone Between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia
Al-Rubaiyea, Jamal (Kuwait Gulf Oil Company) | Al-Houli, Meshari (Kuwait Gulf Oil Company) | Al-Ajmi, Fahad (Kuwait Gulf Oil Company) | Al-Duwaish, Majed (Saudi Arabian Chevron) | Elsherif, Ahmed (Schlumberger) | Lahmar, Hakima (Schlumberger)
Abstract Over the last several years, the ability to perform accurate quantitative formation evaluation in high angle and horizontal wells has been recognized as high priority for major operators. The Logging While Drilling (LWD) has witnessed a revolution in technology in recent years. These new LWD tools have gained recognition in geosteering and well placement operations. The need for advanced formation evaluation is more critical for carbonate reservoir where the complex pore structure will play a big role in fluid mobility. Formation mobility in carbonate reservoirs has been always an important output of any formation evaluation. The South Fuwaris Field is located in the Partitioned Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The Lower Cretaceous Ratawi reservoirs were discovered in 1961, and production commenced in 1963. There are two major reservoirs – the Ratawi Limestone, which is predominantly developed by vertical wells, and the Ratawi Oolite, which is exclusively developed by horizontal wells. The reservoirs comprise low-moderate permeability limestone. Interpretation is complicated by the existence of microporosity, mesoporosity and macroporosity. Understanding of pore type distribution would be of value is the placement of future Ratawi Oolite horizontal wells. The LWD resistivity was used in this field as standard resistivity tool (Laterolog type) to determine the true formation resistivity. In addition, due to the fact that LWD tools measure while rotating, several resistivity images with different depth of investigation are also available in real time and recorded mode. In this case, the LWD resistivity imaging was used to study azimuthal formation porosity distribution in order to quantify the different porosity portions (Primary / Secondary). Following that, an empirical equation was used to determine formation permeability profile. This profile can be further improved when calibrated with core data or formation pressure survey while drilling.
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone (0.26)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone (0.26)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (0.47)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (38 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Logging while drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Carbonate reservoirs (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
Abstract In one of the biggest discoveries during last 10 years in South East Asia, two recent highly deviated wells with length of over 3000 m were drilled in order to enhance the understanding of the reservoirs properties and characterization (Figure 1). Logging while drilling (LWD) images were acquired, processed and interpreted. This was performed subsequent to the very first successful and largest multiwell geological reservoir characterization performed for this operator in South East Asia. After doing the conventional borehole dip and structural analysis for both wells, a unique integration approach has been implemented for both wells using some recent advanced interpretation platform in order to create 3D near well structural model. This model has been updated with formation tops. Several steps and workflow has been implemented and finally local update of static model has been performed. The resulted structure axis has been calibrated later with seismic based map showing a structural axis direction towards NE-SW which is matched with the seismic derived structure map. Figure 1: Location structural map of the entire field of the studied wells.
- Geology > Structural Geology (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Logging while drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- Information Technology > Data Science (0.47)
- Information Technology > Scientific Computing (0.35)
Abstract 3D images of a wellbore generated in real time support drilling engineers to monitor wellbore profiles. Including the time as 4th dimension, 4D images can be used to analyze the evolution of the wellbore geometry as well as to support the drilling engineer in actuating appropriate counteractions in real time. Costly failures can be avoided more precise, alterations in the drilling practices to optimize the shape of the borehole will improve the drilling efficiency, or the driller is supported in making proper decisions such as reaming a critical zone or modifying the string rotation speed to reduce vibrations. This paper reviews tests and experiments, which have been performed using high frequency ultrasonic caliper sensors in different drilling fluids and wellbore conditions. Test results show that with the new design of an ultrasonic caliper tool velocity of sound can be determined in real time at the pressure and temperature of downhole condition. This will increase the accuracy of the measured diameter and the shape of the borehole in real time. In addition, a method for fast data transmission from down-hole to surface is presented and the best method for transmitting data to create the 4D images is discussed. Even with such technology improvements the ultrasonic caliper cannot provide absolutely accurate information for all drilling environments and conditions. Several operational factors, such as mud density, borehole wall roughness, and tool position in the borehole need to be considered in order to optimize the accuracy of the borehole caliper data. For this reason, robust circle fitting algorithms based on the Kasa method have been implemented. In combination with the new design of the caliper tool, the accuracy of the results has been strongly increased.
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (0.40)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (0.40)