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Collaborating Authors
Results
A Comprehensive Workflow for Near Real Time Waterflood Management and Production Optimization Using Reduced-Physics and Data-Driven Technologies
Maqui, A. F. (Quantum Reservoir Impact LLC) | Zhai, X.. (Quantum Reservoir Impact LLC) | Suarez Negreira, A.. (Quantum Reservoir Impact LLC) | Matringe, S. F. (Quantum Reservoir Impact LLC) | Lozada, M. A. (PEMEX)
Abstract Optimizing waterfloods in large fields with complex geology can be an extremely difficult engineering problem. Simulations become overwhelming and tremendously time consuming, while basic classical engineering will not capture enough physics to assess well by well decisions. In this paper we present a novel data-driven, reduced-physics workflow to manage and optimize an exceptionally complex reservoir in Latin America. The first stage of the workflow involves collecting and validating the field data, including rock and fluid properties, production, injection and pressure data as well as well information, such as trajectories and historical perforations. The reservoir behavior is then modeled following an approach similar to the one by Thiele and Batycky (2006) in the context of streamline simulation. The model represents the reservoir as a network of inter-well connections described by their strength and efficiency. The strength of connection is determined through the solution of a numerical tracer test rather than through streamline-based method like in Thiele and Batycky (2006), which generalizes the method to unstructured or locally refined grids as well as dual permeability systems and allows the method to account for compressibility effects. An empirical fractional flow model is then used to calculate the connection efficiencies. Once the model is complete and calibrated, a cutting-edge optimization algorithm is used to optimize the production-injection strategy based on this network of subsurface connections. Recommendations for adjustments in the production-injection strategies are proposed and model uncertainties are computed through a novel algorithm to compute the associated risks. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to a giant Latin American waterflooded reservoir with over 800 wells and nearly a hundred years of history. The approach identified an optimized strategy that could deliver a 5% increase in oil production with a 10% reduction in water production. The methodology proposed is fast enough to build and match a new model in a few days; and updating an existing model takes less than an hour as new data comes available. The proposed method was designed to avoid expensive numerical simulation and to simplify the history-matching process. It can therefore be used daily to help engineers optimize the production-injection strategy of reservoirs. Furthermore, the model can be used for robust short-term forecasting as well as relatively elaborate production mapping.
- North America > Mexico (0.93)
- North America > United States (0.68)
Abstract Operational execution of Fluid Sampling technologies in the logging-while-drilling (LWD) environment compared with Wireline requires a different set up and allows new operational capabilities for LWD. The objective of this paper is to identify what are the jobs operational risks, in order to select the best LWD technologies and operational approach to identify and mitigate these risks while drilling, resulting in the fastest and cleanest reservoir sample. LWD fluid sampling technology brings three new operational capabilities to this type of service: ability to select pad orientation; drilling fluid flow is required to keep the BHA energized and real time (RT) data telemetry and; capability of operating in HAHZ wellbores without additional risk. To take full advantage of these new capabilities, there must be a full understanding of the relationship between wellbore and formation, analyzing subjects such as filtrate invasion profile, borehole stability, sand production, petrophysics and LWD FE. The ability to choose pad direction, coupled with high end technologies, such as NMR and resistivity images generate important capabilities to be evaluated considering formation quality and borehole condition, allowing the selection, not only of the best depth to sample, considering petrophysical properties, but also the optimum pad direction, considering borehole conditions. Images allow the identification of drilling induced fractures, breakout, faults and thin bed, making it possible for RT interpretation for optimum pad direction, avoiding undesired features. Prior geomechanics study help identify issues that might come up during fluid sampling operation, such as breakout, sand production and borehole failure related to bedding plane. Technologies such as acoustic, NMR and images allow RT evaluation of these issues and the ability to select pad orientation and nonstop drilling fluid flowing may result in correcting these issues. Filtrate invasion profile generates complex geometries with lateral displacements and gravitational segregations. Prior study of invasion profile reservoir and drilling fluid properties, thin bed analysis and reservoir/non-reservoir interface analysis must be considered to achieve optimum operational time. This paper presents a technical and operational approach for LWD fluid sampling operations, regarding FE, geomechanics and fluid invasion profiles, which minimizes operational risk and optimizes sampling time.
- Europe (1.00)
- South America > Brazil (0.68)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Sandstone (0.30)