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Collaborating Authors
Saudi Arabia
Abstract Stimulating gas reservoirs, particularly in horizontal producers, has presented a considerable challenge to Saudi Aramco as wellbore accessibility is difficult in wells drilled in deeper formations, with relatively low permeability and high pressure and temperature. Therefore, conventional perforating and stimulation methods have not been as successful as expected when applied in single and dual-lateral completions. Alternative techniques, based on hydrajetting technology, have been recently applied in a number of underperforming horizontal gas producers with excellent results. The technology is used to create slots along the horizontal section and then perform pinpoint acid stimulation treatments. The acid is displaced in the zones in most need of stimulation, resulting in significant well productivity and economic enhancement. This paper provides information about the hydrajetting technology used, and shares details about the successful results and benefits achieved in a cross-section of the significant number of gas producers in which the technology has been applied with an equally positive outcome.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.74)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > Middle East Government > Saudi Arabia Government (0.59)
Optimized HP/HT Acid Blends and Associative Polymer Diversion Proven to be Successful in Acid Fracturing a Multilayered Reservoir: A Case History from South Ghawar Gas Field in Saudi Arabia
Solares, J. R. (Saudi Aramco) | Al-Asiri, Khalid (Saudi Aramco) | Franco, Carlos (Ecopetrol) | Vielma, Jose (Halliburton) | Izquierdo, Guillermo (Halliburton)
Abstract Acid fracturing has been extensively used as a well proven method to stimulate carbonate formations in the Ghawar field. The unique reservoir characteristics found in all the wells producing from carbonate reservoirs in the field make acid fracturing stimulation operations highly dependent on fracture stimulation capability to connect multilayered zones, adequate fluid efficiency (effective leakoff control), fluid properties to generate proper fracture geometry with high-pressure/high temperature environments, and engineering work to design an economical but successful stimulation treatment. This paper discusses a case study for a gas well in a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia where an effective diversion technique with associative polymers and new optimized acid formulations was successfully performed. The treatment included a delayed borate crosslinked fluid used as a pad to create and extend the hydraulic fracture, and two 26% hydrochloric (HCl) acid blends (one emulsified and the other gelled) to efficiently penetrate and etch the surface rock. Also, proper diversion stages were included to ensure full stimulation zonal coverage, and rigorous engineering efforts to ensure that an economical but successful acid fracturing stimulation treatment could be performed. Both the emulsified and gelled 26% HCl acid blends used were extensively tested for corrosion at a temperature of 275 °F. Additionally, emulsion stability tests were carried out on the mixtures to ensure retardation properties at bottom-hole conditions, and achieved a longer acid fractured etched length with optimum conductivity. Based on lab results, a new optimized emulsified acid formulation was finally designed and implemented. The paper also summarizes the main results obtained when the previous optimized acid stimulation system was carried out in a highly deviated well. The final gas production results exceeded expectations, thereby confirming the effectiviness of a special acid blend for stimulation of carbonate formations.
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Ghawar Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Al-Ahsa Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Ghawar Field > Lower Fadhili Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Eastern Province > Al-Ahsa Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Ghawar Field > Khuff D Formation (0.99)
- (5 more...)
Abstract The South Fuwaris and Humma Fields are located in the Partitioned Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The South Fuwaris Field commenced production in 1963, with the majority of its production from the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi Limestone/Oolite reservoir. The Humma Field was discovered in 1998, and has the only PZ production from the early Jurassic Marrat Formation. 95% of the wells in South Fuwaris and Humma produce via electrical submersible pumps (ESP). The remote location of both fields requires all ESP systems to be powered by individual diesel generator sets located close to the well heads. Based on the requirements of the preventive maintenance program for these generators, each generator set is scheduled for lube oil/filter change every two weeks, at which time production is shut-in. The shut-ins result in a considerable volume of deferred oil. A recent Root Cause Analysis study of the historical failures of the downhole production assemblies of ESP-equipped South Fuwaris and Humma producers revealed that a significant number of failures could be directly or indirectly attributed to the produced solids settling back into the ESP after shutdown. When the well is shut down, the fluid column above the ESP drains back into the wellbore through the pump, causing produced solids to be deposited in the ESP. This causes high current draw during start up and eventually leads to motor or cable failure, in many cases resulting in complete seizure of the ESP shaft. To avoid the production loss and ESP failures that result from well shut in, the asset management teams in South Fuwaris and Humma have developed a method for keeping wells on line while generator sets undergo lube oil/filter change. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the downhole ESP is kept running while its power generator undergoes scheduled preventive maintenance work. The paper also demonstrates the in-field applicability of the generator set synchronization technique to the oilfield operations, and how this technique has maximized ESP run time in Humma and South Fuwaris Fields, saving Wafra Joint operations greater than $10 MM annually. As more new wells are being drilled and produced, the annual dollar savings increase even further, through the use of a simple and cost-effective process.
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone (0.98)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone (0.98)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Pre-Khuff Formation (0.93)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Khuff Formation (0.93)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Saudi Arabia - Kuwait Neutral Zone > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > South Fuwaris Field > Pre-Khuff Formation (0.93)
- (3 more...)