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ABSTRACT: Many oil fields usually produce gas and oil water mixtures with high carbon dioxide content and water cuts. Understanding the flow characteristics in multiphase pipelines is a subject of great importance. Experiments were conducted on a loop connected by plexiglass and PVC pipes with a operating pressure of 20psi and a temperature of 4OC. A stationary slug was used to measure the shear stress, turbulent intensity and slug flow characteristics for mixtures of ASTM artificial sea water and Conoco L VT-200 oil. Typical results show that the higher the Froude number, the larger the shear stress, void fractions and pressure drops respectively. It is also concluded that flow conditions and fluid properties have significant effects on the slug flow characteristics. INTRODUCTION Most oil and gas production has associated water and carbon dioxide which can give rise to flow related problems in multiphase pipelines. Understanding the flow characteristics for different pipeline flow regimes is a subject of great importance. A typical slug is shown in figure 1.1 and can be characterized by five sections: the liquid film ahead of the slug, the gas bubble zone above the liquid, the mixing zone, the slug body and the slug tail. Slugs are formed when a liquid wave grows on the stratified film and bridges the pipe to form a lump of liquid or slug. Since the gas velocity is much greater than the liquid velocity, this slug is accelerated to close the gas velocity. The slug front assimilates the slow moving liquid firm ahead of it and the mixing zone is created and a high level turbulence is produced. This mixing zone entrains the fast moving gas which is above the slow moving liquid film and passes it back to the slug body.
- Research Report > New Finding (0.85)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.71)
ABSTRACT: The flow regime transitions for flow of oil-water-carbon dioxide mixtures in horizontal pipelines are presented. The experiments were carried out in a IDem diameter plexiglass pipe. The flow regime transitions differ greatly from those for gas-liquid and oil-water two phase flow systems. Flow regime maps for oil-water-carbon dioxide are presented for various oil-water ratios and compared with the flow regime maps for water-carbon dioxide and oil-carbon dioxide two phase flows and the Taitel and Dukler model. The results confirm that the liquid compositions have a large effect on flow regime transitions and these are not predicted by most commonly used models. INTRODUCTION The simultaneous flow of oil-water-gas mixtures flow in pipes is a common occurrence in the petroleum industry. This type of flow is frequently found in oil producing wells and associated pipelines. Most well fluids are composed of oil and gas but during the life of the well, the water content can increase greatly. In accessible places ego subsea or Alaska, the fluids are often transported together in a single pipeline to a platform or central gathering station where the oil, water and gas are separated. For oil-water two phase flows, Russell et al (1959) observed the flow patterns in a oil-water mixture in horizontal pipes. The input oilwater volume ratio was examined in their study. Three flow regimes were reported as shown in Figure 1: bubble flow, stratified and mixed flow. Bubble flow is characterized by oil droplets flowing in a continuous water phase. Stratified flow consists of the more dense fluid (water) flowing along the bottom of the pipe and the less dense fluid (oil) traveling above with a interface between the two phases. Mixed flow is defined as having no phase separation, where water and oil mixture flow flows as a emulsified liquid phase.
- Research Report > New Finding (0.48)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.34)