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Collaborating Authors
Results
A Framework for Consolidating Air Injection Experimental Data
Rodriguez, E.. (Ecopetrol S.A.) | Ordoñez, A.. (Ecopetrol S.A.) | Comas, J.. (Ecopetrol S.A.) | Trujillo, M.. (Ecopetrol S.A.) | Belgrave, J. D. (Belgrave oil and gas Coporation)
Abstract Accelerating-Rate Calorimeter (ARC), Ramped-Temperature-Oxidation (RTO), and Combustion Tube (CT) tests are used for screening and designing air injection processes for enhanced oil recovery. These tests use different size samples of reservoir materials, operating under different conditions, have different interpretation requirements, and yield different types of information. ARC data have been used to provide rapid screening of the suitability of (especially) high pressure light oil reservoirs for air injection. Small reservoir samples are used, air injection displacement efficiency is not captured, but they provide explicit quantitative oxidation rate information. RTO experiments use larger quantities of core and reservoir fluids and allow some fluid displacement and production. Due to the nature of this type of test, a much larger fraction of the oil is consumed compared to field application, and oxidation data over a broad range of temperatures is implicitly provided. Finally, combustion tube tests provide the closest dynamic analog to actual reservoir conditions and have the largest core and fluid requirement. This paper describes a systematic procedure used to consolidate the data from these tests into a robust kinetic model for the design and implementation of air injection processes in heavy oil mature fields. The model considers both low and high temperature oxidation reactions, thermal cracking, and the compositional changes that the oil undergoes. Application of the model at the field scale shows temperature levels, produced gas compositions, and fuel and air requirements comparable with those derived from the combustion tube tests.
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Heavy Oil Play (0.50)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.36)
Geomechanics Applied to Perforating Design: One Solution to Reduce the Sand Production Risk
Quintero, Y.. (Ecopetrol S.A.) | Jaimes, M.. (Ecopetrol S.A.) | Martin, D.. (Natfrac) | Rivera, G.. (Natfrac)
Abstract One of the main causes of sand production is the rock faulting, situation that is given by the stress condition, pressure and mechanical properties that is applied. We use geomechanical criteria for the design of gunfire (density, diameter, penetration, phase and drop pressure for cleaning, etc.). It is possible to generate stable conditions that reduce the risk of the rock failure. Therefore, identified some geomechanical criteria to determine areas of highest stress contrasts, which can accelerate the rock failure, areas with increases in stresses for proximity effect between canyons, among others, must be taken into account in the perforating operations in areas susceptible to sand production, in order to reduce the risk of the rock failure and start early sand production. With the aid of geomechanical models and these criteria it is possible elaborate a methodology for optimal perforating design.
- South America > Colombia (0.47)
- North America > Mexico (0.29)
Wettability Modifier Field Trial in a Sandstone Condensate System: Facts and Gaps of a Promising Technology
Restrepo, A.. (Equion Energia Ltd) | Ocampo, A.. (Equion Energia Ltd) | Arenas, M.. (Equion Energia Ltd) | Rendon, N.. (Equion Energia Ltd) | Osorio, R.. (Ecopetrol S.A.) | Reyes, D.. (Nalco de Colombia)
Abstract Deliverability of gas and liquid hydrocarbons in retrograde condensate systems is highly affected by factors related to both reservoir characteristics and operative variables. It is well documented that pressure depletion coupled with tight petrophysical environments can lead to severe PI decrease due to liquid accumulation initially in the near wellbore area and then in the whole reservoir. Conventional approaches for condensate blockage removal have included the injection of low interfacial tension systems and alcohol blends to promote capillary forces minimization up to levels at which liquid bank gets remobilized. This type of solutions though, can be durability limited as liquid will reform once chemicals leave treated area. This condition become even more critical when static reservoir pressure gets below dew point as liquids from non treated zone will rapidly imbibe into the treated zone decreasing durability even further. The present work documents a field trial of a fluoro polymer technology aimed on Kro and Krg enhancement by rock wettability modification. This technique, as opposed to conventional chemistries working at the fluid-fluid interaction level, is aimed on altering rock's original wettability. The objective is to promote a neutral wettability condition to minimize capillary effects driven by the contact angle according to LaPlace equation (fig 1). Through a "facts and gaps analysis", a set of root causes are presented to explain the high PI improvement (–50%) but limited durability observed at field scale. Uncertainties on original rock wettability condition, water saturation profile in the near wellbore, deployment technique effectiveness and chemical properties of size and adsorption are all included in the root cause analysis. Data from pre job coreflood tests, pumping variables behavior and backflowed samples chemical analysis are also incorporated to the exercise. A final set of recommendations derived from the f&g analysis are to be included in further trials of the wettability modification technology where heterogeneous sandstone, compositional condensate environments are present.
- North America > Mexico (0.29)
- South America (0.28)