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Collaborating Authors
Noise Control Engineering, LLC
Noise and Vibration Design of Vessels – A Case Study of the OLLIS Class Ferries
Spence, Jesse (Noise Control Engineering, LLC) | Page, Chris (Noise Control Engineering, LLC)
A ship is a complex system that utilizes multiple mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic systems during its operation. All these systems can generate noise and vibration, which if not properly addressed during design and construction may cause passenger and crew discomfort, safety issues related to degradation in voice communications, and even structural damage. The noise and vibration generated by a ship is a direct reflection of the quality of the design and construction of the vessel; lower noise and vibration environments will improve passenger experiences, improve quality of life and retention of the crew, and increase mission effectiveness. However, a vessel’s noise and vibration do not need to be left to chance. Engineering tools and processes can be used throughout the vessel’s design and construction which will produce a vessel with low noise and vibration. This paper presents a case study of the three new Staten Island OLLIS Class Ferries built by Eastern Shipbuilding Group. Pertinent details of the acoustic design and support efforts performed during Detail Design, construction, and delivery are provided. Early in the Detail Design phase, predictions were performed that identified several potential issues with meeting the desired noise and vibration goals. Various efforts were performed to identify appropriate means for mitigation using computer aided design tools. Solutions were developed to allow the vessel to meet its acoustic objectives, though it was known that noise and vibration would be very close to the limits. Various efforts were also performed during construction and compliance testing at sea trials to help the vessel meet its objectives, including ‘tuning’ of the propulsion system and the identification of an odd bearing issue that caused elevated noise. This paper describes the modeling, design, construction support, and testing efforts that were performed, along with details of the primary issues that were identified and solutions.
- Transportation > Passenger (0.50)
- Transportation > Marine (0.46)
Design Criteria for Vibration Mitigation for Icebreaking Vessels
Suarez, Juan J. (TAI Engineers, LLC) | Krewsky, William (TAI Engineers, LLC) | Kris, Karri (TAI Engineers, LLC) | Minett, Jason (NAVSEA) | Spence, Jesse (Noise Control Engineering, LLC) | Page, Chris (Noise Control Engineering, LLC) | Weiss, Zachary F. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC)
The capability to continually perform operations in ice is a function of multiple design factors. These factors may directly influence one another and are integral to the design spiral. The compromises made in vessel design directly impact the vessel’s noise and vibration characteristics. Unlike conventional ships, icebreakers are subject to additional dynamic loads arising from interaction with ice. Because icebreaker hull forms are generally influenced by unique performance requirements, engineering past experiences, production feasibility, and risk mitigation during operation, early design development to optimize both ship arrangement and machinery system parameters is necessary to avoid vibration problems. Numerical modeling techniques like the finite element method are indispensable when evaluating the low frequency vibration of a vessel during the design stage. Methodologies for estimating the dynamic loads associated with common shipboard excitations such as unsteady propeller forces, cavitation pressure pulses and propulsion machinery are non-trivial, but established. Estimating the spatial and temporal characteristics of dynamic loads associated with ice operations, such as icebreaking and ice milling, is a challenge. In this paper, techniques for estimating dynamic loads associated with icebreaking and ice milling operations are discussed. Approaches to applying these forces to a finite element model for the evaluation of these forces on a vessel’s low frequency vibration are presented.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe (0.94)
Inter-Compartment Sound Transmission Regulations and Testing on Marine Vessels
Hunt, Jeffrey B. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC) | Beaudry, Allan R. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC) | Spence, Jesse E. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC)
These environments can lead to poor and documents which require or suggest performing this testing communication, lack of sleep, and fatigue which in turn leads to following construction of a new vessel. Included in this discussion reduced job performance, discomfort, and other issues. In noise are regulations and standards from IMO, ABS, Lloyds, BV, ISO, sensitive spaces located far from large machinery (e.g. DNV, and the differences between them in terms of criteria, staterooms), a significant source of noise is often crew or other applicable vessel types and sizes, and testing details. passenger activities in adjacent spaces. As this type of noise is unpredictable and difficult to control, partition acoustic properties A brief description of lab and field testing of partition performance, must be considered.
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Government > Military > Navy (1.00)
Impacts of Insulation and Joiner Treatments on Low Frequency Vibration in Marine Structures with Finite Element Applications
Favini, Eric A. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC) | Spence, Jesse H. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC)
Marine insulation and joiner facing out fittings are known to affect the acoustical properties of the surface they cover. Measured results provided in this paper show that these treatments can also have a substantial effect on the vibration response of ship structures at low frequencies (below 100 Hz). The accuracy of finite element models of marine vibration response to machinery and propeller sources can be improved by accounting for these effects. Two objectives are discussed in this paper: 1) quantifying the effect of various insulation and joiner treatments on the vibration response of a typical ship bulkhead based on measured data and 2) developing an efficient and accurate method to integrate these effects into finite element models for the prediction of vibrations on ships and marine structures.
Noise Control Decision Process for Marine Vessels
Fischer, Raymond W. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC) | Pettit, Louis M. (Noise Control Engineering, LLC)
There is a price to be paid to achieve compliance with the acoustic requirements imposed by regulatory agencies. Acoustic requirements typically appear in ship specifications as airborne and/or underwater radiated noise limits as the need to preclude hearing loss for crew members and the need to control sound levels experienced by marine mammals receive more recognition. Recent changes and additions to regulatory body requirements addressing compartment airborne noise and underwater radiated noise can be found in IMO Resolution MSC.337(91) Annex 1 and Annex 2 which state that IMO Resolution A.468(XII) “Code on Noise Levels Onboard Ships” shall take effect on 1 July 2014 for all SOLAS compliant vessels. Thus the airborne noise levels in compartments and at on-deck work stations onboard as-built ships seeking a SOLAS certificate will need to be measured, and must demonstrate compliance with noise limits stated in paragraph 4.2 of IMO Resolution A.468(XII). IMO “Guidelines for the Reduction of Underwater Noise from Commercial Shipping to Address Adverse Impacts on Marine Life” dated 7 April 2014 and agencies such as ICES and DNV have established guidance and/or criteria for control of underwater radiated noise from vessels, and these too are now commonly appearing in ship specifications. Specifications referencing such criteria typically require that compliance be demonstrated by at-sea testing of underwater radiated noise. Making the correct decisions during the ship design process will minimize costs for noise control and will provide a positive return on investment. The process of how best to comply with noise limits while minimizing costs through optimization of noise control treatments and design approaches is discussed.
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (0.48)