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Collaborating Authors
University of Texas of the Permian Basin
A review of some amplitude-based seismic geometric attributes and their applications
Verma, Sumit (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Chopra, Satinder (SamiGeo) | Ha, Thang (University of Oklahoma) | Li, Fangyu (Beijing University of Technology)
Abstract Seismic interpreters frequently use seismic geometric attributes, such as coherence, dip, curvature, and aberrancy for defining geologic features, including faults, channels, angular unconformities, etc. Some of the commonly used coherence attributes, such as cross correlation or energy-ratio similarity, are sensitive to only waveform shape changes, whereas the dip, curvature, and aberrancy attributes are based on changes in reflector dips. There is another category of seismic attributes, which includes attributes that are sensitive to amplitude values. Root-mean-square amplitude is one of the better-known amplitude-based attributes, whereas coherent energy, Sobel-filter similarity, normalized amplitude gradients, and amplitude curvature are among lesser-known amplitude-based attributes. We have computed not-so-common amplitude-based attributes on the Penobscot seismic survey from the Nova Scotia continental shelf consisting of the east coast of Canada, to bring out their interpretive value. We analyze seismic attributes at the level of the top of the Wyandot Formation that exhibits different geologic features, including a synthetic transfer zone with two primary faults and several secondary faults, polygonal faults associated with differential compaction, as well as fixtures related to basement-related faults. The application of the amplitude-based seismic attributes defines such features accurately. We take these applications forward by describing a situation in which some geologic features do not display any bending of reflectors but only exhibit changes in amplitude. One such example is the Cretaceous Cree Sand channels present in the same 3D seismic survey used for the previous applications. We compute amplitude curvature attributes and identify the channels, whereas these channels are not visible on the structural curvature display. In both of the applications, we observe that appropriate corendering not-so-common amplitude-based seismic attributes lead to convincing displays, which can be of immense aid in seismic interpretation and help define the different subsurface features with more clarity.
- North America > Canada > Nova Scotia (0.35)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma (0.28)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- Geology > Structural Geology (0.93)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy > Lithostratigraphy (0.54)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (26 more...)
Experimental Investigation of the Ionic Strength Effects on Drag Reduction Characteristics of Polymer Solutions – Part I: Straight Tubing
Kamel, Ahmed H. (University of Texas of the Permian Basin)
Abstract It is well established that polymers are successful drag reducers due to their viscoelastic properties that can suppress the turbulence eddies and fluctuations and hence, reduce friction pressure losses. Various factors can affect the polymers’ drag reduction characteristics such as polymer type, concentration, shear degradation, and flow geometry. However, few studies have shown the effects of salt type and concentration on drag reduction characteristics with almost no studies discussing their effects in the light of the ionic strength. The ionic strength is considered a more widespread scale to quantify the effects of salt contents on a specific characteristic. This study is undertaken to better understand the relation between ionic strength and drag reduction performance of polymers in straight tubing. For this purpose, two widely used anionic AMPS copolymers; Nalco ASP-700 and ASP-820, are investigated. The salt matrix includes 2% KCl, 4% KCl, and synthetic seawater. For synthetic seawater, different recipes exist. The recipe adopted includes 1.0 lb/bbl Na2SO4, 10.5 lb/bbl NaCl, and 0.4 lb/bbl CaCl2. A ½-in. OD flow loop with a 15-ft. straight tubing section is used. The results show that drag reduction behavior is better correlated with the solution ionic strength, and not the salt concentration. Higher ionic strength yields lower drag reduction despite the lower salt concentration. However, the adverse effects of salt and its ionic strength diminishes as higher Reynolds numbers. Both ASP-700 and ASP-820 exhibit a very effective drag reduction behavior and their performance is significantly affected by the polymer type, shear rate, and salt content. Correlations between ionic strength and drag reduction ratio for both polymers are proposed. The correlations exhibit a reasonable agreement with the gathered experimental data. They can be used to quantify the adverse effects of different salt types and concentrations on drag reduction characteristics of polymers in straight tubing
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (21 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Chemical flooding methods (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring (1.00)
Azimuthal anisotropy analysis to estimate the fracture orientation and the relative fracture density
Sharma, Hema (Western University) | Mallick, Subhashis (University of Wyoming) | Verma, Sumit (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Campbell, Erin (Wyoming State Geological Survey)
ABSTRACT Coal is an important source of energy, but releases a significant amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Consequently, developing efficient carbon capture and sequestration strategies to mitigate global warming is of great practical significance. The presence and orientation of fractures within a reservoir and its seal governs the long-term effectiveness of carbon dioxide storage. Fractures within a formation result from in-situ stress distributions and are characterized by an anisotropic behavior on the observed seismic responses. Wireline data provide information about factures at the well location, but away from the well one must rely on the seismic data. This work analyzed P-wave multiazimuth seismic data from a potential carbon sequestration site, located at the Rock Springs Uplift in Wyoming, USA. Using prestack waveform inversion, accurate azimuthal velocities were obtained for offset-to-angle transformation and to compute azimuthal angle gathers. These angle gathers were then stacked for each azimuth and analyzed for azimuthal anisotropy to estimate the fracture orientation and relative fracture density. Finally, the results of the seismic azimuthal analysis were corroborated with the well information and core data, demonstrating that the proposed work is effective in estimating the fracture orientation and relative fracture density from the P-wave seismic data. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 2:40 PM Location: 360D Presentation Type: ORAL
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.32)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.70)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Sand Wash Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Utah > Sand Wash Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Colorado > Sand Wash Basin (0.99)
- (3 more...)
Seismic interpretation of Cree Sand channels on the Scotian Shelf
Khoudaiberdiev, Rustam (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Bennett, Craig (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Bhatnagar, Paritosh (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Verma, Sumit (University of Texas of the Permian Basin)
ABSTRACT Potential reservoirs can be found within deltaic channels, these channels have the ability to form continuous transport systems for hydrocarbons. Distributary sand-filled channels in particular can serve as excellent reservoirs. The emphasis of this study is taking a detailed look into the sand channels within the Cree Sand of the Logan Canyon, as well as using coherence and coherent energy seismic attributes to delineate these features. Extensive studies have been performed in analysis of deltaic channel systems and their ability to act as reservoirs for hydrocarbons. The paper will follow an equivalent approach, employing 3D seismic survey data and seismic interpretation techniques to identify and map sand channels. The study area is focused on the Penobscot field, located off of the eastern shores of Nova Scotia. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Start Time: 9:20 AM Location: 340A Presentation Type: ORAL
- North America > United States (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Nova Scotia (0.38)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (36 more...)
Seismic attribute illumination of a synthetic transfer zone
Bhatnagar, Paritosh (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Bennett, Craig (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Khoudaiberdiev, Rustam (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Lepard, Sterling (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Verma, Sumit (University of Texas of the Permian Basin)
ABSTRACT Transfer zones — a feature where deformational strain is transferred from one fault system to another — play an important role in controlling fluid migration in the subsurface. More specifically, a synthetic transfer zone occurs where strain is transferred between two parallel normal faults in an extensional system. A previous study used surface curvatures derived from a clay model to highlight different geological features related to a synthetic transfer zone, including fault planes and relay ramps. We follow the same approach, applying our understanding to a 3D seismic survey to identify geological features related to a synthetic transfer zone. This study discusses the effect of synthetic transfer zones on an intrabasin extensional system, and describes listric normal faults and a relay ramp using the curvature and coherence seismic attributes. Our research area focuses on Penobscot, an offshore potential field in the Scotian Basin. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Start Time: 4:20 PM Location: 340A Presentation Type: ORAL
- North America > United States (0.48)
- North America > Canada > Nova Scotia > North Atlantic Ocean (0.25)
- North America > Canada > Newfoundland and Labrador > Newfoundland > North Atlantic Ocean (0.25)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault > Dip-Slip Fault > Normal Fault (0.71)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Extensional Tectonics (0.55)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (36 more...)
Abstract Radial jet drilling, RJD is an unconventional drilling technique that uses the jet energy of high velocity fluids to drill laterals with different geometries in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Many case studies are available worldwide have proven RJD as a viable alternative to traditional stimulation techniques, especially in marginal fields. RJD has a lot of application in the oil and gas industry. It is a cost effective completion technique to reach the untapped sweet spots, by-pass damaged zones near wellbore, re-complete old wells, etc. The present paper outlines the basics of newly developed radial jet drilling technology. Advances in technologies, developments, forces imposed, jet fluid hydraulics, procedures, applications, and challenges of RJD are reviewed in this paper. Simulation studies and several worldwide case studies are discussed to evaluate the RJD technology.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- Asia (1.00)
- Africa (0.94)
- (2 more...)
- Overview (0.47)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.46)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.46)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.68)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.46)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (24 more...)
Enhanced-Hydrocarbon-Recovery Unitization: Aided or Hindered by Strategic Bargaining
Hodges, Paul E. (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Harouaka, Abdallah (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Theis, John (Independent Researcher)
Summary To avoid the physical and economic harm that the “rule of capture” presents to the efficient development of oil-and-gas reservoirs, there is widespread agreement within the industry that many more fields should be unitized. Whenever the division of economic rents from unitization is discussed, the common notion is that owners’ rights should be protected and all should receive their “fair share.” Although commendable, a fair distribution could very likely run counter to the interests of owners seeking to maximize economic profits and thereby lessen the likelihood of a unit being formed. A hypothetical Permian Basin field is presented, demonstrating the differing division of rents arising from these two approaches. A quantitative measure of conflict reflecting the difficulty of reaching a stable unitization agreement is offered.
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (22 more...)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence (0.68)
- Information Technology > Game Theory (0.47)
RJD: A Cost Effective Frackless Solution for Production Enhancement in Marginal Fields
Kamel, Ahmed H (University of Texas of the Permian Basin)
Abstract With the worldwide trend of low oil prices, high maturity of oil fields, excessive cost of horizontal and fracking technologies, and necessity for green drilling applications, radial jet drilling (RJD) technology can be a cost effective and environmentally-friendly alternative. RJD is an unconventional drilling technique that utilizes coiled tubing conveyed tools and the energy of high velocity fluid jets to drill laterals inside the reservoir. In recent years, rapid advances in high pressure water jet technology has tremendously increased its application in oil and gas industry not only in drilling operations to improve drilling rate and reduce drilling cost, but also in production to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. In addition, RJD can be used to bypass near wellbore damage, direct reservoir treatments/injections, improve water disposal and re-injection rates, and assist in steam or CO2 treatments. This paper highlights the theoretical basis, technological advancement, procedures, applications, and challenges of high pressure water jets. Several worldwide case studies are discussed to evaluate the success, results, pros, and cons of RJD. The results show that nearly an average of four to five fold production increase can be obtained. The present paper clearly shows that radial jet drilling is a viable and attractive alternative in marginal and small reservoirs that still have significant oil in place to capture the benefits of horizontal drilling/fracking and to improve productivity from both new wells and/or workover wells that cannot be produced with the existing expensive conventional completions.
- South America (0.94)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.70)
- Africa > Middle East > Egypt (0.47)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.67)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.67)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Disposal/Injection (0.34)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (23 more...)
Frictional Pressure Losses of Fluids Flowing in Circular Conduits: A Review
Kamel, Ahmed H. (University of Texas of the Permian Basin) | Shaqlaih, Ali S. (University of North Texas at Dallas )
Summary Fluids are pumped through circular conduits in various operations in the petroleum industry. These fluids may be Newtonian or non-Newtonian, clean or proppant-laden, polymer-based or surfactant-based, single-phase or multiphase, drag-reducing, and others. They are pumped through straight and coiled tubing under laminar- or turbulent-flow conditions. Calculation of frictional pressure losses for these circumstances is crucial for the success of the operation. A simple Darcy-Weisbach (Darcy 1857) equation is widely used to calculate frictional pressure losses in pipes. However, a unique term, friction factor, has to be determined. Enormous numbers of correlations are available to determine the friction factor. These correlations vary in complexity and applicability and have their own positive and negative features. In addition, several parameters included in the correlations have to be identified, and they vary from one correlation to another. The task at hand is determining the proper correlation. Estimating the friction factor is not an easy task, and it can be very confusing. Inaccurate estimation may lead to erroneous results and failure of operations. This study provides a comprehensive review of the friction-factor correlations and presents how to select the most-suitable correlation for specific conditions. It discusses the parameters involved in friction-factor calculation and how to define them. The authors compare and question the applicability, accuracy, and limitations of each correlation to propose the most-accurate ones. An innovative, user-friendly, and step-by-step code using the most widely used and accurate correlations can then be developed to predict the friction factor. The present study is an effort to simplify the friction-factor challenge. It aims at providing the most-accurate friction-factor correlations to overcome the complexity faced when calculating frictional pressure losses. In conclusion, it summarizes the state of the art in the field of fluids and hydraulics in the oil and gas industry.
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (21 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Completion > Completion Installation and Operations > Coiled tubing operations (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)
A Novel Mud Formulation for Drilling Operations in the Permafrost
Kamel, Ahmed H. (University of Texas of the Permian Basin)
Abstract Umiat field is located in the North Slope, Alaska where most oil reserves are within the permafrost. The formation temperature is around 20°F and thus frozen filtrate is a crucial issue in formation damage. Frozen filtrate can form an impermeable barrier to oil flow and maximize formation damage in the permafrost. Its impact is even more pronounced in horizontal wells. In addition to formation damage concerns, low formation pressure, sensitive arctic environment and ice disintegration when exposed to certain fluids are key factors to be considered when selecting the suitable drilling fluid. This paper is a comprehensive experimental investigation of various drilling fluids to eventually propose a non-damaging fluid system that is suitable for permafrost drilling operations. Specially formulated, free-solid mud systems including WBM, brine mud, native crude OBM, synthetic oil mud, emulsion and foam are evaluated. The evaluation includes their rheological properties, filtration properties, clay swelling properties and potential freezing of fluid filtrate. The results show that WBM drastically damage the formation. Yet, clay swelling is not a major issue. Freezing of water filtrate is the key damaging mechanism. In spite of its large filtrate volume, brine mud shows a moderate impact on formation damage. Its depressed freezing point makes it suitable for the drilling operations. However, it may not be preferable due to its ice disintegration effects. OBM and synthetic oil mud yield the minimal damage and show excellent rheological and filtration properties. Their depressed freezing point favors their use. Foams and emulsions exhibit numerous advantages. The analysis and evaluation of the different fluid systems is discussed in more details in the present paper. Finally, a specific formulation of drilling fluid is recommended to alleviate the formation damage and production impairment problems and to effectively reduce the well completion cost and eventually, to increase well productivity from such shallow frozen oil field.
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (32 more...)