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Results
Thermal Properties And Smoke Diffusion of Oil Pool Fires In Engine Room For Fire Safety Design
Fukuchi, Nobuyoshi (Facultyof Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan) | Takao, Jun (Facultyof Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan) | Hu, Changhong (Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan)
A fundamental study is carried out regarding the heat and mass transfer characteristics of an engine room fire. At first, an oil burning experiment in a box-type compartment, which is a simplified engine room fire model, is conducted under a limited ventilation condition to understand the nature of engine room fires and investigate smoke production and movement. From the experiments, several types of quantitative relation between the oil burning rate and the smoke generating rate are obtained. Then an experiment and a 3-dimensional CFD numerical simulation of smoke movement in a realistic engine room model are performed to investigate the smoke characteristics in a compartment with complicated geometry. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons are made between the measurements and the numerical predictions. INTRODUCTION Many fire accidents in the engine rooms of ships and marine structures come into existence worldwide, and the unexpected burning of hydrocarbon liquid, such as fuel oil and lubrication oil, tends to be the primary cause. However, the nature of an engine room fire is still not well understood due to the extreme complexity of the physical and chemical mechanisms. Accordingly, for a safe design in the matter of oil pool fire phenomena, an analysis is necessary that takes thorough account of the governing factors and the characteristics of the flammability of liquid fire. Further, the emission and movement of the smoke during oil burning are very important phenomena for a successful fire-safe design such as setting up escape routes and installing fire detectors. In this study, 2 experiments are carried out: oil burning experiment in a box-type compartment and a smoke diffusion experiment in an engine room model. As most engine room fires are caused byte burning of leaked oils, the oil burning experiment, which is carried out under well-ventilated conditions, will help us understand the basic features of smoke production and movement.
- North America > United States (0.46)
- Asia > Japan (0.29)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation (0.67)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (0.63)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Safety > Safety risk management (0.41)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > HSSE & Social Responsibility Management > HSSE management systems (0.41)
Predicting smoke flow movements in marine and offshore compartment fires is still a challenging endeavor for fire safety researchers. The research described in this paper is an effort to apply the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to numerically simulate such smoke flows. The present computational model involves a CFD code to solve 3-dimensional turbulent buoyancy-driven flows using a set of low-Mach-number approximated governing equations, a turbulence model based on large eddy simulation, and a combustion model to calculate the heat release rate from fires. A pool fire is simulated and the results are compared to the measured data of a laboratory experiment. A simulation of an engine room fire on a coastal LPG ship is also presented as an example of applications. INTRODUCTION For most of recorded maritime history, fire has been a major cause of loss of ships and offshore platforms. To design a fire safety system for a ship or an offshore platform is then one of the most important problems for the functional designers. In the design process of fire detection and extinguishing systems, knowledge of data about heat transfer and smoke movement after the breakout of a fire is often required. Numerous studies have attempted to model fire phenomena; the newest review is provided by Tieszen (2001). The zone models, in which room-averaged quantities are predicted for multi-room problems, have been used extensively for engineering applications. Recently, field models, which make the simulation possible in much finer spatial and temporal resolution, have been used in the study of fires. The research described in this paper concerns a field modeling approach under development. A distinguishing feature of the fire problem is that the temperature difference as well as the density variation are very large, while the speed of the smoke flow induced by the heat release is much slower than that of the propagation of acoustic waves.