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The marine sector is undergoing a transformation based on global efforts to reduce GHG emissions from shipping. There have been many decarbonization strategies proposed, including engine enhancement, routing optimization, efficient energy technologies, onboard carbon capture and storage system (OCCS), etc. Alternative fuels are among them, and they are widely acknowledged as long-term, viable options for the shipping industry (ABS 2019, ABS 2022). There is a complex challenge with multiple pathways of alternative fuels at various technological and operational readiness levels. Numerous stakeholders have gradually come to terms with the fact that a variety of solutions, not just one, will be essential for maritime decarbonization as a result of the lengthy discussions over the best alternative fuel. Considering all the evaluation factors of safety, sustainability, affordability, scalability, and availability, three alternative fuels, methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen, are the most promising for maritime decarbonization in the long run.
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Air emissions (1.00)
Numerical Aspects on the Modeling of the Viscous Flow Around a Modern Containership for Ship Maneuvering Simulation Purposes
Chame, Maria E. F. (Numerical Offshore Tank, University of São Paulo) | de Mello, Pedro C. (Numerical Offshore Tank, University of São Paulo) | Tannuri, Eduardo A. (Numerical Offshore Tank, University of São Paulo)
ABSTRACT A recent regulation introduced by the International Maritime Organization has driven naval architects to pursue a more hydrodynamic hull to meet the minimum energy efficiency levels. Keeping pace with these advances means obtaining a more complex shape suitable to fill with more cargo and maintaining excellent resistance performance. However, it is crucial to guarantee the safety of these operations since the potential consequences can be critical. In this context, methods that accurately compute the forces and moments of these new hull designs are sought, as well as the enhancement of maneuvering simulators employed to predict the response of ships, yielding the necessity of assessing the hydrodynamic forces at large drift angles. Computations of forces and moments are executed with the finite volume-based open-source code OpenFOAM on two kinds of ships, a containership, and a tanker. Resistance forces from the DTC hull were similar to experimental data, and all cases met a numerical uncertainty under 4%. Strong dependence on the scale was noticed, besides calculations conducted at very low Froude numbers tend to over-predict the resistance coefficient. The lateral force obtained at β = 10° was validated, and the solution was in good agreement with the literature. Although the moment exposed the relevance of carrying out the validation procedure, even with asymptotic convergence and low numerical uncertainty, such a case unmatched the validation condition, suggesting some ineptitude in the model. A very disruptive gap was found while comparing lateral force from the practical case (vessel 2) and benchmark data. The former was lower when compared to DTC, yielding a relative error of 34% and 25% for full and model-scale, respectively. INTRODUCTION Despite its relevance in intercontinental trade, where shipping is the only affordable option to carry goods on most routes contributing to up to 90% of the world trade (Cheraghchi, 2019), this sector is responsible for approximately 3% of global CO2 emissions (Sherbaz and Duan, 2014), which is very low due to its role in world transportation. However, this industry is constantly searching to reduce these levels and contributes to less polluting vessels. A regulation introduced by the IMO has driven naval architects to pursue a more hydrodynamic vessel to meet the minimum energy efficiency levels according to the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) (Feng et al., 2021). Ship resistance is drastically affected by hull shape, vessel speed, draft, trim, and environmental conditions, for instance, wind and waves. Reduction in ship resistance can improve its performance and, as a consequence, reduce fuel consumption and emission. One concern related to this new regulation cited by Papanikolaou et al. (2015) was that some ship designers might reduce the installed power to meet the new requirement. Such a scenario could affect the ship's maneuverability, and consequently, an operation safety problem may arise. Once the EEDI became imperative from 2013 onwards, ship hull forms with optimized designs to reduce the resistance forces have been launched since then.
- North America (0.46)
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- South America > Brazil (0.28)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping > Container Ship (0.84)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Air emissions (1.00)
Modeling intermediate and alternative fuel emissions in large two-stroke engines: Towards an accurate assessment of decarbonization impact
Kostoulas, Vasileios (National Technical University of Athens) | Pontikakos, George (National Technical University of Athens) | Sklias, Ioannis (Winterthur Gas & Diesel Ltd) | Karvountzis-Kontakiotis, Apostolos (Winterthur Gas & Diesel Ltd) | Kaiktsis, Lambros (National Technical University of Athens)
A range of non-conventional fuels are currently being considered for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. Modeling the emissions profile of these fuels can support the rapid development of engine concepts that assist decarbonization efforts. The goal of this study is to develop and test effective thermodynamic modeling frameworks which can predict (a) methane emissions from natural gas-operated engines, and (b) greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from ammonia-operated engines. The GT-Suite 0D/1D-CFD simulation software is used as the main framework for model development. Modeled emissions show generally good agreement with experimental measurements from large engines operated with Liquefied Natural Gas or diesel-ammonia mixtures.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.68)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
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- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Air emissions (1.00)
The European Union (EU) transport policy recognizes the importance of the waterborne transport systems as key elements for sustainable growth in Europe. By 2030, 30 % of total road freight over 300 km should shift to rail or waterborne transport, and more than 50 % by 2050. Thus far, this ambition has failed. Horizon 2020 project AEGIS (for Advanced, Efficient and Green Intermodal Systems) proposes a new waterborne transport system for Europe that is green, robust, flexible, more automated and autonomous, and able to connect both rural and urban terminals. The purpose of this paper is to describe work and preliminary results from this project. To that effect, and in order to assess any solutions contemplated in AEGIS, a comprehensive set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have been defined, and three specific use cases within in Europe are defined and evaluated according to these KPIs. KPIs represent the criteria under which the set of solutions developed under AEGIS are evaluated, and also compared to non-AEGIS solutions. They are grouped under economic, environmental and social KPIs. KPIs have been selected after a consultation process involving AEGIS partners and external Advisory Group members.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe > Denmark (0.94)
- Transportation > Passenger (1.00)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (1.00)
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- North America > United States > Ohio > Baltic Field > Rose Run Formation (0.89)
- North America > United States > Ohio > Baltic Field > Knox Formation (0.89)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea (0.89)
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- Management > Strategic Planning and Management > Benchmarking and performance indicators (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Safety (1.00)
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Challenges to Taking Advantage of High Frequency Data Analytics to Address Environmental Challenges in Maritime Sector
Katsikas, Serafeim (Metis Cybertechnology S.A) | Manditsios, George N. (Metis Cybertechnology S.A) | Dalmiras, Fotis N. (Andriaki Shipping Co. Ltd) | Sakalis, George (Metis Cybertechnology S.A) | Antonopoulos, George (Metis Cybertechnology S.A) | Doulgeridis, Andreas (Metis Cybertechnology S.A) | Mouzakis, Dimitrios (Andriaki Shipping Co. Ltd)
Shipping operates in a challenging economic environment characterized among other by increasing environmental regulations aiming to contribute to the global GHG emissions reduction targets set. Smart monitoring tools are key solutions for shipping companies to adapt effectively and comply with the new environmental regulations set by local, regional, and international regulatory parties, including the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other stakeholders. The combination of high frequency data and the employment of advanced analytical technologies offers the shipping industry a great advantage. Continuous data monitoring enables reactive energy performance improvement / optimization, while it allows building up realistic performance models that are used for optimizing the commercial management of the vessels and serve as a basis for new projects. Vessel operational profile monitoring along with voyage planning through optimized speeds and weather routing, effective monitoring of hull & propeller bio-fouling, trim optimization, assessment of innovative solutions installation (i.e., waste heat recovery systems, energy saving devices, new painting schemes, etc.) are practices widely used nowadays to address GHG emissions reduction plan and performance optimization. Current study examines the importance of vessel continuous monitoring on the evaluation of the aforementioned measures, based on established methodologies, along with the development of new algorithms and mathematical models.
- Research Report (0.67)
- Overview > Innovation (0.48)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping > Tanker (0.47)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Air emissions (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)
- Information Technology > Data Science (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning (0.66)
The winter navigation system in the Northern Baltic Sea is globally one of the largest regional arrangements to ensure year-round maritime transports in a sea area challenged by ice every year. Thousands of assistance operations, including hundreds of tows, are dependent on the regions’ relatively small amount of icebreakers’ capability to perform assistances in a safe and efficient manner. For the winter navigation system to work efficiently, high assistance speeds are necessary to release icebreakers from their previous assistance task to their next one.
- Europe > Finland (0.49)
- North America > United States (0.48)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (0.94)
Committee V.5: Special Vessels
Truelock, Darren (_) | Lavroff, Jason (_) | Pearson, Dustin (_) | Czaban, Zbigniew (Jan) (_) | Luo, Hanbing (_) | Wang, Fuhua (_) | Catipovic, Ivan (_) | Begovic, Ermina (_) | Takaoka, Yukichi (_) | Loureiro, Claudia (_) | Song, Chang Yong (_) | Garcia, Esther (_) | Egorov, Alexander (_) | Souppez, Jean-Baptiste (_) | Sensharma, Pradeep (_) | Nicholls-Lee, Rachel (_)
Committee Mandate Concern for structural challenges of non-conventional, special surface vessels, including uncertainties in established design methods and modelling techniques. Particular attention shall be given to mega yachts, naval craft, offshore service vessels and work boats, which can be characterized by particular structural configurations and materials (wide openings, large unsupported structures, unconventionally shaped superstructures, etc.) and/or are to sustain specific loading conditions (harsh environment, severe cyclic loads or extreme operational ones). Introduction This Specialist Committee report for the ISSC 2022 proceedings covers a range of marine vessels particularly “Special” by nature of their structural configurations. In the ISSC 2018 V.5 Special Craft report (Truelock et al., 2018) the Committee’s focus was broad and largely on highlighting “Special” craft through market segments. This report is a continuation of this Special Vessel Committee, the intent is to further discuss those markets and drill down into specific and unique structural configurations. The ISSC 2022 Special Vessel Committee has included the additional year (i.e., originally ISSC 2021) delay due to the COVID-19 global pandemic to gather further research and investigate additional topics for the report. A benchmark has been undertaken by the Committee investigating various calculation and analysis methods on window glazing as a structural material and a discussion on this study is in the Appendix. Additionally, during the Committee’s research, a few of the Committee members were able to present a paper at the 2020 High Speed Marine Vessel (HSMV) Conference, Comparative Assessment of Rule-Based Design on the Pressures and Resulting Scantlings of High Speed Powercraft (Souppez et al., 2020), which was well received by the high-speed vessel community. Finally, new markets are emerging in both commercial and government sectors, so the Committee has also included a Chapter on emerging trends to cast a light on structural uncertainties in new technologies and categories of Special Vessels. 1.1 ISSC 2018 special craft recommendations and official discusser feedback A discussion in Volume III of the ISSC 2018 V.5 Special Craft report outlines a few areas and recommendations that the 2018 Official Discusser touched on for the follow-on Committee and audience of the Committees presentation at the Congress provided, those we have addressed in this report are as follows: - The Committee name change to Special Vessels in lieu of Special Craft due to certain expectations that the word “Craft” carries. - A discussion on cyclic loading on composite structures in Chapter 2, which is a special topic relating to higher speed vessels. - The Committee focus on green, emission reducing vessels, Chapter 4, as a new emerging trend in the category of Special structural configurations. - A discussion and analysis on glazing as a structural material in Appendix A. These topics, along with a few others can be found within the report contents to address and further investigate some of these exciting topics. 1.2 Special vessels addressed The Committee Report is a consolidation of references that reflects recent research and development and topics of discussion in the areas of structural arrangements, loading, analysis technique and uncertainties in Special Vessels. Our Chapters have been categorised into types or markets of Special Vessels, Table 1.
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- Overview (1.00)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (1.00)
- Shipbuilding (1.00)
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- Well Drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
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Design for preventing or minimizing the effects of accidents is termed accidental limit states (ALS) design and is characterized by preventing/minimizing loss of life, environmental damage, and loss of the structure. Collision, grounding, dropped objects, explosion, and fire are traditional accident categories.
- South America > Brazil (1.00)
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- Summary/Review (1.00)
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- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.67)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics (0.67)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (1.00)
- Transportation > Ground (1.00)
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- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Viosca Knoll > Block 786 > Petronius Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Mississippi Canyon > Block 392 > Appomattox Field (0.99)
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Committee V.1: Accidental Limit States
Quinton, Bruce (_) | De Luca, Gaetano (_) | Firmandha, Topan (_) | Körgesaar, Mihkel (_) | Le Sourne, Hervé (_) | Nahshon, Ken (_) | Notaro, Gabriele (_) | Parsa, Kourosh (_) | Rudan, Smiljko (_) | Suzuki, Katsuyuki (_) | Banda, Osiris Valdez (_) | Walters, Carey (_) | Wang, Deyu (_) | Yu, Zhaolong (_)
Committee Mandate Concern for accidental limit states (ALS) of ships and offshore structures and their structural components under accidental conditions. Types of accidents considered shall include collision, grounding, dropped objects, explosion, and fire. Attention shall be given to hazard identification, accidental loads and nonlinear structural consequences including residual strength together with related risks. Uncertainties in ALS models for design shall be highlighted. Consideration shall be given to the practical application of methods and to the development of ISSC guidance for quantitative assessment and management of accidental risks. Introduction Ships and offshore structures may be subject to accidental actions during their operation. Design for preventing or minimizing the effects of accidents is termed accidental limit states (ALS) design and is characterized by preventing/minimizing loss of life, environmental damage, and loss of the structure. Collision, grounding, dropped objects, explosion, and fire are traditional accident categories. ALS design seeks to improve the outcomes of accidents by designing in flexibility/redundancy/durability that will permit the operator & crew to deal with the accident more effectively. Mitigations such as redundant systems, fault tolerant systems, and structural-system-level ductility will tend to improve accident outcomes. ALS design is inherently a scenario-driven exercise. Different structures may be subject to different accident scenarios depending on the type of structure and its intended purpose. Determination of appropriate accident scenarios for a particular structure for a particular operation is typically performed via hazard and risk assessment. In general, this committee report discusses newer publications (from approximately 2017 to mid-2021) and references older publications as required for clarity. Chapter 1 introduces the basic terminology, definitions and background information required to discuss ALS. Chapter 2 presents an overview of rule and code design for ALS. Chapter 3 discusses accident hazard and risk analysis. Chapter 4 discusses recent publications relating to analytical, experimental, and numerical modeling of ALS. Chapter 5 discusses ALS related publications for new and emerging research areas. Chapter 6 presents a summary and the recommendations of this committee report. Finally, the appendix contains a benchmark study examining the capability of commercially available finite element analysis software to predict fracture for structures subject to an evolving state of stress. The benchmark study models novel large-pendulum impact experiments on full-scale ship structures.
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- Asia (0.67)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.67)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.45)
- Overview > Innovation (0.45)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
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- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (1.00)
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- North America > Canada > Alberta > Athabasca Oil Sands > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Horizon Oil Sands Project (0.89)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea (0.89)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea (0.89)
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- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Uncertainty (1.00)
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Committee IV.2: Design Methods
Ivaldi, Andrea (_) | Bayatfar, Abbas (_) | Caprace, Jean-David (_) | Egorov, Gennadiy (_) | Heggelund, Svein Erling (_) | Hirakawa, Shinichi (_) | Kwon, Jung Min (_) | Mcgreer, Dan (_) | Prebeg, Pero (_) | Sielski, Robert (_) | Slagmolen, Mark (_) | Sobey, Adam (_) | Tang, Wenyong (_) | Wu, Jiameng (_)
Committee Mandate Concern for the synthesis of the overall design process for marine structures, and its integration with production, maintenance, repair, service and decommissioning. Particular attention shall be given to the roles and requirements of computer-based design and production, and to the utilization of information technology Introduction Trends like more and more powerful and refined structural optimization algorithms or the diffusion and growth of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) tools have been confirmed and consolidated in this report. Next to them there is the growth of new mainstreams like adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) tools as tools supporting both design and PLM capabilities. Different from 2018 ISSC Committee IV.2 report, the present Committee does not present a dedicated chapter to offshore structures. Instead of that, the present approach is to insert dedicated paragraphs inside every Chapter. This choice is based on the fact that the design methods for ships and offshore structures are often coincident. Chapter 2 presents an updating on the state-of-the-art of design methods, enhancing how the classic concept of the design spiral is on the way to be superseded by a new, more integrated, holistic design concept. This integrates all the classic steps of the ship design into a unique parallel process, which involves at the same time more design tools/methods achieving a superior design in less time. In this respect, the large-scale R&D European Union-funded project HOLISHIP (HOLIstic optimisation of SHIP design and operation for life cycle), launched in 2016, is a common reference, influencing more or less every section of this Report. Chapter 3 presents how design tools are developing with special focus, again, in the integration in different tools (structure, hydrodynamic, propulsion, etc.) in which capabilities are brought together by dedicated software packages instead of having a monolithic software capable to do everything. One of the strongest trends today in design methods are the optimization tools, which have been developed in universities and are being applied in industry. The topic is presented in Chapter 4, showing how approaches like Genetic Algorithms are becoming very popular. Lifecycle Data Management has always been a central and important point of the ISSC IV.2 Committee Report and this is still valid, particularly because of the increased computing and data analysis capabilities which are available today. Chapter 5 presents this topic, also considering new trends like the use of VR and AR as tools to follow the ship’s lifecycle from early design to disposal, thus modelling also its “aging”. Following the suggestion of the previous official discusser of the 2018 ISSC Committee IV.2 report, Chapter 6 is dedicated to the analysis of what is the state-of-art against the state-of-practice, thus covering the gap between the research work and the practical applications. Finally, a strong accent has been put on the emerging trends by mean of a dedicated chapter, identifying megatrends of the future (autonomous ships, zero emissions, new material) and which new design methods will be boosted by them.
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