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Search Petrowiki: Water soluble materials in cementing
...Water soluble materials in ...cementing Contents * 1 Derivatized cellulose * 1.1 Hydroxyethyl cellulose * 1.2 Carboxymethyl hydroxyet... * 3 Lost-circulation additives * 3.1 Additives categories for lost circulation * 3.1.1 Bridging materials * 3.1.2 Rapid-setting or thixotropic cements * 3.1.3 Combination of additives * 4 Strength-retro...
In-situ gas generation * 7 Miscellaneous additives * 8 Antifoam additives * 8.1 Effects of foaming * 8.2 Use and characteristics of antifoam additives * 8.3 Types of antifoam additives * 9 Mud-decontaminant additives * 10 Radioactive tracers * 11 Dyes * 12 Fibers * 13 References * 14 See also * 15 Noteworthy papers in OnePetro * 16 External links Two forms of derivatized cellulose have been found useful in well-cementing applications. The usefulness of the two materials depends on their retardational character and thermal stability limits. This is commonly used at temperatures up to approximately 82 C (180 F) for fluid-loss control, and may be used at temperatures up to approximately 110 C (230 F) BHCT, depending on the co-additives used and slurry viscosity limitations. Above 110 C (230 F), HEC is not thermally stable. HEC is typically used at a concentration of 0.4 to 3.0% by weight of cement (BWOC), densities ranging from 16.0 to 11.0 lbm/gal, and temperatures ranging from 27 to 66 C (80 to 150 F) BHCT to achieve a fluid loss of less than 100 cm3 /30 min.
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...Water insoluble ...materials in ...cementing Contents * 1 Bentonite * 2 Microsilica * 3 PolyVinyl alcohol (PVA) * 4 Synthetic latex * 5 ...
Bentonite is not typically used as the primary fluid-loss agent in normal-density slurries. In low-density slurries, where higher concentrations can be used, it may provide sufficient fluid-loss control (400 to 700 cm 3 /30 min) for safe placement in noncritical well applications. Fluid-loss control, obtained through the use of bentonite, is achieved by the reduction of filter-cake permeability by pore-throat bridging. Microsilica imparts a degree of fluid-loss control to cement slurries because of its small particle size of less than 5 microns. The small particles reduce the pore-throat volume within the cement matrix through a tighter packing arrangement, resulting in a reduction of filter-cake permeability.
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...(FLAs) * Cement slurry retarders * Cement slurry weighting agents S * Specialty cements W * Water insoluble ...materials in ...Water soluble materials in ...
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... pages are in this category, out of 190 total. A * AFE and initial project cost estimate * AFE: cementing * AFE: completion equipment * AFE: drilling fluids * AFE: drilling rig and tools * AFE: locatio...ns * Gravel pack equipment and tools H * Hole deviation * Hole geometry * Hole preparation in cementing * Human factors * Hydraulic pumping system design I * Inlet * InSAR * Intelligent wells * I...ll bits * Pipe cutoff methods * Predicting CT fatigue * Predicting wellbore stability * Primary cementing placement design * Sandbox:Produced ...
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...PEH:Cementing Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volu...neering Robert F. Mitchell, Editor Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 9 - Cementing By Ron Crook, Halliburton Pgs. 369-431 ISBN 978-1-55563-114-7 Get permission for reuse ...Cementing operations can be divided into two broad categories: primary ...
Remedial cementing requires as much technical, engineering, and operational experience, as primary cementing but is often done when wellbore conditions are unknown or out of control, and when wasted rig time and escalating costs force poor decisions and high risk. Squeeze cementing is a "correction" process that is usually only necessary to correct a problem in the wellbore. Before using a squeeze application, a series of decisions must be made to determine (1) if a problem exists, (2) the magnitude of the problem, (3) if squeeze cementing will correct it, (4) the risk factors present, and (5) if economics will support it. Most squeeze applications are unnecessary because they result from poor primary-cement-job evaluations or job diagnostics. Squeeze cementing is a dehydration process. A cement slurry is prepared and pumped down a wellbore to the problem area or squeeze target. The area is isolated, and pressure is applied from the surface to effectively force the slurry into all voids. The slurry is designed specifically to fill the type of void in the wellbore, whether it is a small crack or micro-annuli, casing split or large vug, formation rock or another kind of cavity. Thus, the slurry design and rate of dehydration or fluid loss designed into the slurry is critical, and a poor design may not provide a complete fill and seal of the voids.
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...Glossary:Calcium chloride CaCl2, a water soluble brine weighting agent...
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...ting Temperature (BHCT). To extend the thickening time beyond that obtained with a neat (cement and water without additives or minerals) API-class cement slurry, additives known as retarders are required. ...ly used as blend components are boric acid and the hydroxycarboxylic acids, or their salts. Blended materials are available as calcium or sodium salts. The modified lignosulfonates are typically used at a BHCT...nergism with fluid-loss additives. Cellulose derivatives Two cellulose polymers are used in well-cementing applications. They are hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC...
The commonly used cements in well applications are API Class A, C, G, and H. These cements, as produced in accordance with API Spec. To extend the thickening time beyond that obtained with a neat (cement and water without additives or minerals) API-class cement slurry, additives known as retarders are required. Of the chemical compounds that have been identified as retarders, lignosulfonates are the most widely used. A lignosulfonate is a metallic sulfonate salt derived from the lignin recovered from processing wood waste.
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...Specialty cements A number of cementitious materials used for ...cementing wells do not fall into any specific API or ASTM classification.These ...materials include: * Pozzolanic portland cements * Pozzolan/lime cements * Resin or plastic cements * Gyp...
A number of cementitious materials used for cementing wells do not fall into any specific API or ASTM classification.These materials include: * Pozzolanic portland cements * Pozzolan/lime cements * Resin or plastic cements * Gypsum cements * Microfine cements * Expanding cements * Refractory cements * Latex cements * Cements for permafrost environments * Sorel cements * Cements for carbon dioxide (CO2) resistance Pozzolanic materials include any natural or industrial siliceous or silico-aluminous material, which will combine with lime in the presence of water at ordinary temperatures to produce strength-developing insoluble compounds similar to those formed from hydration of Portland cement. Typically, pozzolanic material is categorized as natural or artificial, and can be either processed or unprocessed. The most common sources of natural pozzolanic materials are volcanic materials and diatomaceous earth (DE). Artificial pozzolanic materials are produced by partially calcining natural materials such as clays, shales, and certain siliceous rocks, or are more usually obtained as an industrial byproduct. Pozzolanic oilwell cements are typically used to produce lightweight slurries.
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...Glossary:Calcium bromide CaBr2, water soluble brine weighting agent...
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... of accelerators Acceleration is particularly beneficial in cases where a low-density (e.g., high-water-content) cement slurry is required or where low-temperature formations are encountered. Calcium cl...t widely used, and in most applications, it is also the most economical. The exception is whenwater-soluble polymers such asfluid-loss-control agents are used. The major benefits of the use of CaCl2 are the ...ts. References Noteworthy papers in OnePetro External links See also Cement slurry design Cementing operations PEH:...
Accelerators speed up or shorten the reaction time required for a cement slurry to become a hardened mass. In the case of oilfieldcement slurries, this indicates a reduction in thickening time and/or an increase in the rate of compressive-strength development of the slurry. Acceleration is particularly beneficial in cases where a low-density (e.g., high-water-content) cement slurry is required or where low-temperature formations are encountered. Of the chloride salts, CaCl2 is the most widely used, and in most applications, it is also the most economical. The exception is whenwater-soluble polymers such asfluid-loss-control agents are used.
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