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Search Petrowiki: Absorption
...Glossary:Absorption In the context of processing, ...absorption is the ability of one material to absorb another. The attachment of compounds or ionic parts of sa...
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...Glossary:Absorption oil In the context of facilities, ...absorption oil is the wash oil used to remove heavier hydrocarbons from the gas stream...
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...In the context of facilities, absorption oil is the wash oil used to remove heavier hydrocarbons from the gas stream...
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...FPEXOL process * 4 Methanol loss * 5 Natural gas liquids (NGL) extraction methods * 5.1 Lean oil absorption * 6 The turbo-expander process * 6.1 Gas preconditioning * 6.2 Turbo-expander design * 7 Joule-...e gas to colder temperatures, such as โ20 to โ30 F * contacting the gas stream with lean oil in an absorption tower Refrigeration is basically pumping heat from one medium to another. Heat by itself can only ...erations where mass and space are limited. Natural gas liquids (NGL) extraction methods Lean oil absorption Hydrocarbon liquids can be extracted from natural gas by contacting the gas with a light oil of u...
The refrigeration process is used in gas plants to remove heat from certain process streams. Refrigeration in natural gas treating is a process that serves a dual dewpoint control function--namely, it is used to meet the hydrocarbon dewpoint as well as the water dewpoint specification for residue or sales gas. The temperature to which the gas is cooled depends first on meeting these dewpoint specifications. This is the minimum cooling requirement. Cooling the gas to lower temperatures than the minimum temperature for dewpoint control has to be justified by the economics of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) recovery. This requires a cost analysis of the value of additional LPG recovery versus increased capital and operating costs. Refrigeration is basically pumping heat from one medium to another.
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...ubsurface formations. Density logging tools rely on gamma-gamma scattering or on photoelectric (PE) absorption. Contents * 1 Density logging tools * 2 Density-porosity log interpretation * 3 Photoelectric ...(PE) absorption * 4 Density-weighted photoelectric factor * 5 Nomenclature * 6 Subscripts * 7 Noteworthy papers... particularly strong effects on this measurement. For less energetic gamma rays, photoelectric (PE) absorption controls the observed count rates. Here, the average atomic number (which correlates with rock type...
Density logging is another application of gamma rays in gathering data about subsurface formations. Density logging tools rely on gamma-gamma scattering or on photoelectric (PE) absorption. A density-logging tool sends gamma rays into a formation and detects those that are scattered back. Typical logging sondes use a Cesium-137 source, which emits gamma rays of 0.66MeV. At this high energy level, Compton scattering dominates.
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... * 9.3 Nitrogen Recovery for Enhanced Oil Recovery[6] * 10 NGL Extraction Methods * 10.1 Lean Oil Absorption * 10.2 Turbo Expander Process * 11 References * 12 Noteworthy papers in OnePetro * 13 External ...ture and pressure to which the fluids are exposed. Contact with other compounds, such as glycol and absorption oil, affects the relative solubilities of certain compounds, thereby achieving separation from the ...heir original, or changed, form, causes process difficulties in many circumstances. Adsorption and absorption are the two main methods for removing acid gases. Adsorption is a physicalโchemical phenomena that ...
Natural gas is a mixture of many compounds, with methane (CH4) being the main hydrocarbon constituent. When natural gas is produced from an underground reservoir, it is saturated with water vapor and might contain heavy hydrocarbon compounds as well as nonhydrocarbon impurities. In the raw state, natural gas cannot be marketed and therefore must be processed to meet certain specifications for sales gas. Additionally, it might be economical to extract liquefiable hydrocarbon components, which would have a higher market value on extraction as compared with their heating value if left in the gas. Gas treating facilities, therefore, must be designed to convert a particular raw gas mixture into a sales gas that meets the sales-gas specifications, and such facilities must operate without interruption. Specifications for sales gas describe the required physical properties of the gas such that it can be transported under high pressure through long distance pipelines at ground temperature without forming liquids, which could cause corrosion, hydrates, or liquid slugs into downstream equipment. Limits on the content of certain nonhydrocarbon compounds are also specified. While the specific limits for each item might vary among transmission companies or customers, the overall specifications for sales gas generally include: * Maximum hydrocarbon dewpoint temperature at a pressure of 800 psig.
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...tector * 2.1.3 Catalytic combustion detector * 2.1.4 Mass spectrometer detector * 2.1.5 Infrared absorption spectrometer * 3 References * 4 Noteworthy papers in OnePetro * 5 External links * 6 See also ...e the FID, the TCD, the catalytic combustion detector (CCD), the MS detector, and the infrared (IR) absorption spectrometer. * Fig. 1 โ Schematic of a single-column gas chromatograph with generic detector. F...ds[2] are in relatively early stages of development and are not described here in detail. Infrared absorption spectrometer On input of IR energy to a molecule, its bonds will vibrate in any of a variety of m...
This article discusses several techniques used for hydrocarbon analysis during mud logging. These tools characterize the reservoir fluids that have become entrained in the drilling fluid as it is returned to the surface. The total gas analyzer (TGA), also referred to as the total hydrocarbon analyzer (THA), measures the total amount of gas, typically the total amount of combustible gas. The usual unit of TGA measurement is total methane equivalents (TME), which is essentially the BTU content of the gas extracted from the drilling fluid, expressed as that which would be obtained from an equivalent concentration of pure methane in air. The TGA, while giving an undifferentiated indication of gas entrained in the drilling fluid, has the advantage of operating in a continuous mode.
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...used along the "C" axis by water moving between silica layers of contiguous units (interlayer water absorption). A clay mineral, bentonite. An alumino-silicate clay mineral with a 2;1 expanding crystal lattic...used along the "C" axis by water moving between silica layers of contiguous units (interlayer water absorption). Category Retrieved from "https://petrowiki.org/index.php?title Glossary:Montmorillonite&oldid 5...
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...and is preferred over methanol injection or line heaters. Dehydration can be accomplished by either absorption or adsorption processes. The ...absorption process involves the passing of the gas stream through a liquid desiccant that has a strong affinit...olid desiccants. The most widely used dehydration system in oilfield and gas lift operations is the absorption-type process. The desiccant used in these systems is usually a solution of one of the glycols; gene...
The following topic describes Gas distribution and control, Gas compression and dehydration and Gas surface facilities. Figs. 1 and 2 show the amount of injection gas and compression brake horsepower per well, respectively, required to obtain identical producing rates using several different surface injection-gas pressures. As expected, compression horsepower decreases as injection-gas pressure increases for a given daily liquid rate, until the injection-gas pressure reaches maximum injection depth. An injection-gas pressure greater than that required to inject at maximum depth requires additional compression without additional production. In the example shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a significant decrease in horsepower requirements is possible by employing an injection-gas pressure of 2,000 psig (ANSI Class 900 pipe) rather than one of 1,440 psig (ANSI Class 600 pipe) or lower.
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...ion * 6 Gamma ray interactions with formations * 6.1 Compton scattering * 6.2 Photoelectric (PE) absorption * 6.3 Pair production * 7 Applications * 7.1 Determining lithology * 7.2 Identifying shale volu... Uranium and thorium, on the other hand, are much less common. Both U and Th are found in clays (by absorption), volcanic ashes, and heavy minerals. * Table 1 * Table 2 History of gamma ray tools The gam...Gamma rays interact with formations in three different ways: * Compton scattering * Photoelectric absorption * Pair production (to a limited extent) One of these will dominate depending on the energy of the...
The radioactivity of rocks has been used for many years to help derive lithologies. Natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) include the elements uranium, thorium, potassium, radium, and radon, along with the minerals that contain them. There is usually no fundamental connection between different rock types and measured gamma ray intensity, but there exists a strong general correlation between the radioactive isotope content and mineralogy. Logging tools have been developed to read the gamma rays emitted by these elements and interpret lithology from the information collected. Conceptually, the simplest tools are the passive gamma ray devices. There is no source to deal with and generally only one detector. They range from simple gross gamma ray counters used for shale and bed-boundary delineation tospectral devices used in clay typing and geochemical logging. In Figure 1, the distributions of radiation levels observed by Russell[1] are plotted for numerous rock types. Evaporites (NaCl salt, anhydrites) and coals typically have low levels. In other rocks, the general trend toward higher radioactivity with increased shale content is apparent. At the high radioactivity extreme are organic-rich shales and potash (KCl).
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