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Search Petrowiki: Electrical engineering considerations for electromagnetic heating of oil
...Electrical engineering considerations for ...electromagnetic heating of ...oil Transmitting ...
Transmitting electrical current to the subsurface can create special considerations. Successful application of electromagnetic heating often requires a multi-disciplinary approach combining electric engineering and petroleum engineering. To assist petroleum engineers considering this approach, this article identifies some of the issues that an electrical engineer might normally anticipate and address. In most practical situations, we are concerned with fields that vary periodically in time (the sinusoidal steady state generally). In these cases the electrical phenomena are properly described by Maxwell equations in terms of complex vector field intensities of electric and magnetic fields (E and H); complex vector field electric, magnetic, and current densities (D,B,J); complex charge concentrations (ρc); and complex material parameters: conductivity, permittivity, and permeability (σ, ε, μM).
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...Field tests of electromagnetic heating of ...oil Below are the field cases in which applied power was reported together with the ...oil production increase, so that we can evaluate and compare the energy gains of the different processe...
Below are the field cases in which applied power was reported together with the oil production increase, so that we can evaluate and compare the energy gains of the different processes tested. Data reported by Gill[1] * Year: 1983 * Type of heating: distributed heating LF (60 Hz) * Depth of reservoir: 3,000 ft * Oil type: paraffinic and asphaltic, 11 API * Initial production: 0 B/D * Final production: 76 B/D with 150 kW applied and 10 B/D with 12 kW * Energy gain: 20 76/150 40 and 20 10/12 17. Data reported by Gill[1] * Year: 1983 * Type of heating: distributed heating LF (60 Hz) * Depth of reservoir: 2,800 ft * Oil type: paraffinic and asphaltic, 22 API * Initial production: 4 BOPD, 25 BWPD * Final production: 50 BOPD and 10 BWPD with 60 kW * Energy gain: 20 46/60 15. Data reported by Sresty[2] * Year: 1980 * Type of heating: distributed HF (5 to 20 kW at 13.56 MHz) applied to electrode systems inserted in the formation surface deposits (1 m3 excited) * Final production: 20 gal during a time not specified * Energy gain: cannot be computed. Data reported by Sresty[2] * Year: 1981 * Type of heating: distributed HF (40 to 75 kW at 13.56 MHz) applied to electrode systems inserted in the formation surface deposits (25 m3 excited) * Initial production: 0 * Final production: 8 bbl over a 20-day test period * Energy gain: 20 (8/20)/40 0.2.
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...Electromagnetic heating process ...Electromagnetic heating has a different effect on heavy ...oil reservoirs than other enhanced ...
Electromagnetic heating has a different effect on heavy oil reservoirs than other enhanced oil recovery processes that use heat. This article describes the ways in which electromagnetic heating can be applied to a reservoir. As shown in Figure 1, Q(t), the time-dependent rate of production of a given reservoir with either horizontal or vertical wells, depends on the flow of oil through the reservoir and through the producing wells. In the reservoir, the flow is conditioned by a temperature-dependent viscosity, μ(T), porosity, permeability, and compressibility (Φ, k, and c). To a first approximation, the last three parameters are unchanged by the heating.
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...Electromagnetic heating of ...oil The ...electromagnetic heating of ...
The electromagnetic heating of oil wells and reservoirs refers to thermal processes for the improved production of oil from underground reservoirs. The source of the heat, generated either in the wells or in the volume of the reservoir, is the electrical energy supplied from the surface. This energy is then transmitted to the reservoir either by cables or through metal structures that reach the reservoir. The main effect, because of the electrical heating systems used in practice in enhanced oil recovery, has been the reduction of the viscosity of heavy and extra heavy crudes and bitumens, with the corresponding increase in production. Focus is centered on systems (and the models that describe their effects) that have been used for the electromagnetic heating in the production of extra heavy petroleum and bitumen.
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...PEH:Electromagnetic Heating of ...Oil Publication Information Petroleum ...Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volume VI – Emerging and Peripheral Technologies H.R...
The electromagnetic heating of oil wells and reservoirs refers to thermal processes for the improved production of oil from underground reservoirs. The source of the heat, generated either in the wells or in the volume of the reservoir, is the electrical energy supplied from the surface. This energy is then transmitted to the reservoir either by cables or through metal structures that reach the reservoir. The main effect, because of the electrical heating systems used in practice in enhanced oil recovery, has been the reduction of the viscosity of heavy and extra heavy crudes and bitumens, with the corresponding increase in production. This chapter mainly considers those systems (and the models that describe their effects) that have been used for the electromagnetic heating in the production of extra heavy petroleum and bitumen. The importance of these hydrocarbons is because of the size of the heavy oil reserves in Canada, Venezuela, countries of the former U.S.S.R., the U.S.A., and China.[1]
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...mproved and enhanced recovery" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. E * Electrical engineering considerations for ...electromagnetic heating of ...Electromagnetic heating of ...
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...Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volume VI – Emerging and Peripheral Technologies H.R. Wa...rner Jr., Editor Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 12 – Electromagnetic Heating of ...Oil By E. Roberto C. Callarotti, Inst. Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) ISBN 978-1-55...
Heating strongly affects the viscosity of the oil in the reservoir porous media and in the wells. The heating effect in the porous media of the reservoirs is simply represented by Darcy's law with a temperature-dependent viscosity, μ(T). The effect of the heating in a well (along the z direction), is represented by a temperature dependent viscosity used in the Hagen-Poiseville law. As in many other applications of electrical heating and in the case of well and reservoir heating, there is a wide range of available frequencies in the electrical spectrum, which can be used in diverse heating schemes. At the low-frequency (LF) end, energy is supplied directly from the 60 Hz distribution grid.[5] Induction heating requires higher frequencies in the radio frequency (RF) range of 103 to 105 Hz, while heating is also possible at frequencies in the microwave (MW) range (MW 109 to 3 1010 Hz). Microwave heating has been widely used industrially in the past, but its application to reservoir heating is not widespread, although it has been receiving more attention lately. In this range of frequencies, the process is commonly defined as electrical heating and the parameters used are voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, and inductance.
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...bing * Coiled tubing applications * Coiled tubing drilling * Coiled tubing fatigue * Cold heavy oil production with sand * Combination completions * Completion flow control accessories * Conductin...refrigeration and hydrate suppression * Deliverability testing of gas wells * Desalting * Design considerations and overall comparisons of artificial lift * Designing single well chemical tracer test for residu...al oil * Determination of flow efficiency and skin * Determining stress orientation * Differential calc...
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...t process in which an oxygen-containing gas is injected into a reservoir where it reacts with crude oil to create a high-temperature combustion zone that generates combustion gases and creates a heated f...ront that propagates through the reservoir. In-situ combustion (ISC) is an Enhanced oil recovery process for heavy ...oil in which an oxygen-containing gas is injected into a reservoir where it reacts with crude ...
In-situ combustion is the oldest thermal recovery technique. It has been used for more than nine decades with many economically successful projects. In-situ combustion is regarded as a high-risk process by many, primarily because of the many failures of early field tests. In-situ combustion (ISC) is a displacement process in which an oxygen-containing gas is injected into a reservoir where it reacts with crude oil to create a high-temperature combustion zone that generates combustion gases and creates a heated front that propagates through the reservoir. In-situ combustion (ISC) is an Enhanced oil recovery process for heavy oil in which an oxygen-containing gas is injected into a reservoir where it reacts with crude oil to create a high-temperature combustion zone that generates combustion gases and creates a heated front that propagates through the reservoir. The most common fluid injected is air but there are some cases in which oxygen enriched gas or air is injected. In situ combustion (ISC) is applied as one of the oldest methods of enhanced oil recovery process in petroleum industry. Heavy oil is suppressed in naturally fractured reservoirs in many places around the world and might possibly provide to the world's energy supply. The most common fluid injected is air but there are some cases in which enriched oxygen gas or air is injected. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are needed when unfavourable conditions such as heavy-oil, high IFT, low matrix permeability, oil wet matrix and poorly connected fracture network exist in an oil reservoir.
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...PEH:Production Logging Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volume V – Reservoir ...Engineering and Petrophysics Edward D. Holstein, Editor Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers Ch...Examples * 8.1 Gas Kick While Drilling * 8.2 Profiling Commingled-Gas Production * 8.3 Profiling Oil Production Under WAG Recovery * 8.4 Gas Blowout After Abandonment * 9 Summary * 10 Nomenclature ...
This chapter consists of a general discussion of production logs, some misconceptions about what can be determined with these logs, and the requisite skills to obtain good results. Also included are discussions of practical matters such as required safety and environmental tips, sinker-bar weight, maximum tool length to pass through a bend, depth control, pricing, and record keeping. Attached as an Appendix is a set of tables prepared for readers that are consulting this text to find out quickly what type of production-logging tools are appropriate to a particular problem. These tables indicate what tools to use, how to use them, and what results (resolution) to expect. These tables were designed to be independent of the general discussion and can be used by themselves.
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