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Search Petrowiki: FKM
...Glossary:FKM Fluoro-elastomers (Viton , Fluorel , etc.)...
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...igh temperatures from already relatively low initial levels. A variety of cure systems are used for FKM elastomers, including peroxide, but they require an extended post-curing session to optimize their ...ding considerably to manufacturing process costs. As a result, the cost for an equivalent volume of FKM elastomer may range from 20 to several hundred times that of a conventional NBR. This makes all but...ump stators, and even those that are viable carry a high cost premium. The primary advantage of an FKM elastomer is the increased heat and chemical resistance. ...
In downhole applications, most progressive cavity (PC) pump failures involve the stator elastomer and often result from chemical or physical elastomer breakdown induced by the wellbore environment. The environment can vary considerably between different reservoirs and individual operations: * The bottomhole temperature may range from 15 to 200 C [60 to 360 F] * The well may be pumped off or have a high bottomhole pressure * The produced fluids may contain solids (e.g., sand, coal fines), gases (e.g., CH4, CO2, H2S), and a wide range of other constituents, including: Additionally, the methods and fluids used to drill, treat, and stimulate wells introduce a variety of other chemicals into the wellbore, such as: * Drilling muds * Completion fluids (heavy salt solutions) * Treatment fluids (e.g., diluents, hot oil, strong acids) * Corrosion inhibitors (e.g., amines) * Flooding materials (e.g., CO2) Successful use of PC pumps, particularly in the more severe downhole environments, requires proper elastomer selection and appropriate pump sizing and operation. PC pump manufacturers continue to develop and test new elastomers; over time, these efforts have resulted in performance improvements and an expanded range of practical applications. Despite this success, the elastomer component still continues to impose severe restrictions on PC pump use, especially in applications with lighter oils or higher temperatures. The performance of an elastomer in a PCP application depends heavily on its mechanical and chemical properties.[1][2]
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...t * Glossary:FIT * Glossary:FIV * Glossary:Five spot pattern * Glossary:Fixed choke * Glossary:FKM * Glossary:FL * Glossary:Flag * Glossary:Flange * Glossary:Flanged up * Glossary:Flapper valve...
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...its for HNBR elastomers are 125 C [265 F] (sulfur cured) and 150 C [318 F] (peroxide cured); and forFKM elastomers, 200 C [425 F]. High temperature resistance typically comes at the expense of other desi...
Elevated-temperature applications can be divided into medium- and high-temperature categories. The medium-temperature category covers deeper-well applications with natural, higher-temperature reservoir conditions ranging from 40 C [104 F] to 100 C [212 F]. Field experience has proved thatprogressive cavity (PC) pumps can be used successfully in wells producing fluids within this temperature range if the fluid temperatures remain relatively constant. However, to achieve reasonable run lives in such wells, additional attention must be given toelastomer and pump model selection, pump sizing practices, and system operation. The importance of these considerations rises substantially as temperatures increase toward the higher end of this range.
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...igh temperatures from already relatively low initial levels. A variety of cure systems are used for FKM elastomers, including peroxide, but they require an extended post-curing session to optimize their ...ding considerably to manufacturing process costs. As a result, the cost for an equivalent volume of FKM elastomer may range from 20 to several hundred times that of a conventional NBR. This makes all but...ump stators, and even those that are viable carry a high cost premium. The primary advantage of an FKM elastomer is the increased heat and chemical resistance. ...
Introduction Progressing cavity pumping (PCP) systems derive their name from the unique, positive displacement pump that evolved from the helical gear pump concept first developed by Rene Moineau in the late 1920s.[1][2][3] Although these pumps are now most commonly referred to as progressing cavity (PC) pumps, they also are called screw pumps or Moineau pumps. PC pumps initially were used extensively as fluid transfer pumps in a wide range of industrial and manufacturing applications, with some attempts made to use them for the surface transfer of oilfield fluids. However, it was not until after the development of synthetic elastomers and adhesives in the late 1940s that PC pumps could be applied effectively in applications involving petroleum-based fluids. Except for several limited field trials, it was not until the late 1970s that a concerted effort was made to use PC pumps as a method of artificial lift for the petroleum industry.
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