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Search Petrowiki: Flocculants
...Glossary:Flocculants Materials used to increase visicosity. They cause colloidal particles to group into bunches or fl...
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...solids become smaller than the cutoff point of desilters, centrifuges may have to be used. Chemical flocculants are sometimes used to flocculate fine solids into a bigger size so that they can be removed by soli...ds-removal equipment. Total flocculants do not discriminate between various types of solids, while selective ...flocculants will flocculate drilled solids but not the added barite solids. As a last resort, dilution is somet...
A mud is said to be contaminated when a foreign material enters the mud system and causes undesirable changes in mud properties, such as density, viscosity, and filtration. Generally,water-based mud systems are the most susceptible to contamination. Mud contamination can result from overtreatment of the mud system with additives or from material entering the mud during drilling. Solids are materials that are added to make up a mud system (bentonite, barite) and materials that are drilled (active and inert). Excess solids of any type are the most undesirable contaminant to drilling fluids.
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...perties at the interface of the fluid. May be emulsifiers, demulsifiers, surface tension lowering , flocculants, deflocculants, wetting agents, etc...
...* Glossary:FLNG * Glossary:Float collar * Glossary:Float show * Glossary:Float valve * Glossary:Flocculants * Glossary:Flocculate * Glossary:Flocculation * Glossary:Flood * Glossary:Flood plain * Glossa...
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...solids become smaller than the cutoff point of desilters, centrifuges may have to be used. Chemical flocculants are sometimes used to flocculate fine solids into a bigger size so that they can be removed by soli...ds-removal equipment. Total flocculants do not discriminate between various types of solids, while selective ...flocculants will flocculate drilled solids but not the added barite solids. As a last resort, dilution is somet...
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...solids become smaller than the cutoff point of desilters, centrifuges may have to be used. Chemical flocculants are sometimes used to flocculate fine solids into a bigger size so that they can be removed by soli...ds-removal equipment. Total flocculants do not discriminate between various types of solids, while selective ...flocculants will flocculate drilled solids but not the added barite solids. As a last resort, dilution is somet...
It is almost certain that problems will occur while drilling a well, even in very carefully planned wells. For example, in areas in which similar drilling practices are used, hole problems may have been reported where no such problems existed previously because formations are nonhomogeneous. Therefore, two wells near each other may have totally different geological conditions. In well planning, the key to achieving objectives successfully is to design drilling programs on the basis of anticipation of potential hole problems rather than on caution and containment. Drilling problems can be very costly. The most prevalent drilling problems include pipe sticking, lost circulation, hole deviation, pipe failures, borehole instability, mud contamination, formation damage, hole cleaning, H2S-bearing formation and shallow gas, and equipment and personnel-related problems. Understanding and anticipating drilling problems, understanding their causes, and planning solutions are necessary for overall-well-cost control and for successfully reaching the target zone.
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...emulsifier chemicals contain the following components: * Solvents * Surface-active ingredients * Flocculants Solvents, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, short-chain alcohols, and heavy aromatic naptha, are g...nd change the wettability of the stabilizing particles, leading to a breakup of the emulsion film. Flocculants are chemicals that flocculate the water droplets and facilitate coalescence. A detailed process for...
Demulsification is the breaking of a crude oil emulsion into oil and water phases. A fast rate of separation, a low value of residual water in the crude oil, and a low value of oil in the disposal water are obviously desirable. Produced oil generally has to meet company and pipeline specifications. For example, the oil shipped from wet-crude handling facilities must not contain more than 0.2% basic sediment and water (BS&W) and 10 pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. This standard depends on company and pipeline specifications. The salt is insoluble in oil and associated with residual water in the treated crude. Low BS&W and salt content is required to reduce corrosion and deposition of salts. The primary concern in refineries is to remove inorganic salts from the crude oil before they cause corrosion or other detrimental effects in refinery equipment. The salts are removed by washing or desalting the crude oil with relatively fresh water. When injection is not recommended * 3.4.5 Oilfield emulsions possess some kinetic stability. This stability arises from the formation of interfacial films that encapsulate the water droplets.
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...idelines for sizing injection pumps and chemical-storage tanks. * Table 1 Water clarification (Flocculants) The purpose of water clarification is to improve the water quality to meet discharge or injection ...
Chemicals play an important role in the oil producing operation. They assist oil/water/gas separation, aid in fluid transport, protect treating equipment, and improve the quality of the gas, oil, and water. A wide range of chemicals is available for water treating. A chemical-injection package enables various types of chemicals to be dosed into the water stream to optimize the treatment process. Storage-tank capacity is designed to allow the plant to run for several days between refills. General dosing rates and injection points for the main chemical classes are listed inTable 1. These rates provide guidelines for sizing injection pumps and chemical-storage tanks.
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...Biological Control * 2.4 Sulfate Removal * 3 Water-Treating Chemicals * 3.1 Water Clarification (Flocculants) * 3.2 Scale Inhibition * 3.3 Chemical Types * 3.4 Selection Methods * 3.5 Chemical Effect Mech...
Multiple types and sources of water streams are encountered in oil and gas operations; the two primary ones are produced and surface water. Produced water is the brine that comes from the oil reservoir with the produced fluids; surface water encompasses fresh (river or lake) and saline (seawater) sources. Water sources are treated for disposal, injection as a liquid, or injection as steam with three types of facilities. Produced water is treated in offshore operations for overboard disposal or injection into a disposal well, but when onshore, it is treated for surface disposal, liquid injection, or steam injection. In all instances, the produced water must be cleaned of dispersed and dissolved oil and solids to a level suitable for environmental, reservoir, or steam-generation purposes. Surface water is treated offshore for liquid injection and onshore for liquid- or steam-injection purposes. In all instances, the surface water must be cleaned of dispersed and dissolved solids to a ...
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