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Search Petrowiki: Formation damage
...Formation damage Producing ...formation damage has been defined as the impairment of the unseen by the inevitable, causing an unknown reduction in... the unquantifiable. In a different context, formation damage is defined as the impairment to reservoir (reduced production) caused by wellbore fluids used durin...
Producing formation damage has been defined as the impairment of the unseen by the inevitable, causing an unknown reduction in the unquantifiable. In a different context, formation damage is defined as the impairment to reservoir (reduced production) caused by wellbore fluids used during drilling/completion and workover operations. It is a zone of reduced permeability within the vicinity of the wellbore (skin) as a result of foreign-fluid invasion into the reservoir rock. Typically, any unintended impedance to the flow of fluids into or out of a wellbore is referred to as formation damage. This broad definition includes flow restrictions caused by a reduction in permeability in the near-wellbore region, changes in relative permeability to the hydrocarbon phase, and unintended flow restrictions in the completion itself.
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...Glossary:Formation damage An obstruction to flow. Usually a reduction of permeability...
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...Drilling induced formation damage Drilling fluids serve to balance ...formation pressures while drilling to ensure wellbore stability. They also carry cuttings to the surface and ...not include well productivity concerns. A growing recognition of the importance of drilling-induced formation damage has led to the use of drill-in fluids (fluids used to drill through the pay zone) that minimize ...
Drilling fluids serve to balance formation pressures while drilling to ensure wellbore stability. They also carry cuttings to the surface and cool the bit. These primary considerations do not include well productivity concerns. A growing recognition of the importance of drilling-induced formation damage has led to the use of drill-in fluids (fluids used to drill through the pay zone) that minimize formation damage. This page discusses the formation damage that may be associated with various types of drilling fluids.
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...PEH:Formation Damage Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volu...Engineering Joe Dunn Clegg, Editor Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 6 โ Formation Damage Mukul M. Sharma, SPE, U. of Texas at Austin Pgs. 241-274 ISBN 978-1-55563-118-5 Get permissio...oduction Any unintended impedance to the flow of fluids into or out of a wellbore is referred to as formation damage. This broad definition of ...
Introduction Any unintended impedance to the flow of fluids into or out of a wellbore is referred to as formation damage. This broad definition of formation damage includes flow restrictions caused by a reduction in permeability in the near-wellbore region, changes in relative permeability to the hydrocarbon phase, and unintended flow restrictions in the completion itself. Flow restrictions in the tubing or those imposed by the well partially penetrating a reservoir or other aspects of the completion geometry are not included in this definition because, although they may impede flow, they either have been put in place by design to serve a specific purpose or do not show up in typical measures of formation damage such as skin. Over the last five decades, a great deal of attention has been paid to formation damage issues for two primary reasons: (1) the ability to recover fluids from the reservoir is affected very strongly by the hydrocarbon permeability in the near-wellbore region, and ...
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...Formation damage in injection wells While ...formation damage is typically a problem affecting the productivity of well, it can also pose problems for injection... Understanding the causes of this type of formation damage is important so that efforts to prevent it can be undertaken. This page discusses the types of ...
While formation damage is typically a problem affecting the productivity of well, it can also pose problems for injection. Understanding the causes of this type of formation damage is important so that efforts to prevent it can be undertaken. This page discusses the types of formation damage that affect injection wells. In such projects, the cost of piping and pumping the water is determined primarily by reservoir depth and the source of the water. However,water treatment costs can vary substantially, depending on the water quality required.
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...Fluid flow with formation damage Formation damage caused by drilling-fluid invasion, production, or injection can lead to positive skin factors and a...ffect fluid flow by reducing permeability. Contents * 1 Permeability reduction and formation damage * 2 Altered zone and skin effect * 3 Apparent wellbore radius * 4 Flow efficiency * 5 Geometric...hy papers in OnePetro * 9 External links * 10 See also * 11 Category Permeability reduction and formation damage When mud filtrate invades the ...
Formation damage caused by drilling-fluid invasion, production, or injection can lead to positive skin factors and affect fluid flow by reducing permeability. When mud filtrate invades the formation surrounding a borehole, it will generally remain in the formation even after the well is cased and perforated. This mud filtrate in the formation reduces the effective permeability to hydrocarbons near the wellbore. It may also cause clays in the formation to swell, reducing the absolute permeability of the formation. In addition, solid particles from the mud may enter the formation and reduce permeability at the formation face.
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...Additional causes of formation damage There are many possible causes of ...formation damage. In addition to the numerous sources identified in separate articles (see See Also section below), ... * 10 Category Emulsions and sludges The presence of emulsions at the surface does not imply the formation of emulsions in the near-wellbore region. Most often, surface emulsions are a result of mixing and ...
There are many possible causes of formation damage. In addition to the numerous sources identified in separate articles (see See Also section below), other, less common causes include emulsions and sludges, wettability alteration, bacterial plugging, gas breakout, and water blocks. The presence of emulsions at the surface does not imply the formation of emulsions in the near-wellbore region. Most often, surface emulsions are a result of mixing and shearing that occur in chokes and valves in the flow stream after the fluids have entered the well. It is uncommon to have emulsions and sludges form in the near-wellbore region without the introduction of external chemicals.[1]The
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...Formation damage from paraffins and asphaltenes Perhaps the most common ...formation damage problem reported in the mature oil-producing regions of the world is organic deposits forming both ...pansion while lifting fluids to the surface * Radiation of heat from the tubing to the surrounding formation induced by intrusion of water into or around the wellbore * Loss of lighter constituents in the cr...
Perhaps the most common formation damage problem reported in the mature oil-producing regions of the world is organic deposits forming both in and around the wellbore. These deposits can occur in tubing, or in the pores of the reservoir rock. Both effectively choke the flow of hydrocarbons. Table 1 shows the gross composition of crude oils, tars, and bitumens obtained from various sources. It is evident that crude oils contain substantial proportions of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons with relatively small percentages of resins and asphaltenes.
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...Formation damage from swelling clays Swelling clays, although relatively abundant in shales, do not occur as commo...nly in producing intervals. Thus, formation damage problems with swelling clays are not nearly as common as those associated withfines migration. Con...ommonly the result offines migration and only rarely of swelling clays.[1][2] Swelling clays reduce formation permeability by peeling off the pore surfaces and plugging pore throats, not by reducing porosity a...
Swelling clays, although relatively abundant in shales, do not occur as commonly in producing intervals. Thus, formation damage problems with swelling clays are not nearly as common as those associated withfines migration. The most common swelling clays found in reservoir rock are smectites and mixed-layer illites. It was earlier thought that much of the water and rate sensitivity observed in sandstone permeability was caused by swelling clays. However, it is now well accepted that the water-sensitive and rate-sensitive behavior in sandstones is more commonly the result offines migration and only rarely of swelling clays.[1][2]
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