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Search Petrowiki: Geology impact on immiscible gas displacement
...Geology impact on ...immiscible gas displacement Many aspects of reservoir ...geology interplay with the ...
Many aspects of reservoir geology interplay with the immiscible gas/oil displacement process to determine overall recovery efficiency. Because there is always a considerable density difference between gas and oil, the extent to which vertical segregation of the fluids occurs and can be taken advantage of or controlled is critical to the success of gas displacing oil. As with any oil recovery process involving the injection of one fluid to displace oil in the reservoir, the internal geometries of the reservoir interval have a controlling effect on how efficiently the injected fluid displaces the oil from the whole of the reservoir. The stratigraphy of a reservoir is determined primarily by its depositional environment. First and foremost is how layered the reservoir is in terms of both how heterogeneous the various sand intervals are and the scale at which shales or other barriers to vertical flow are interbedded with the sands.
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- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.89)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment > Marine Environment (0.48)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.48)
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...Displacement efficiency of ...immiscible gas injection The conceptual aspects of the ...displacement of oil by ...
The conceptual aspects of the displacement of oil by gas in reservoir rocks are discussed in this article. There are three aspects to this displacement: gas and oil viscosities, gas/oil capillary pressure (Pc) and relative permeability (kr) data, and the compositional interaction, or component mass transfer, between the oil and gas phases. One must first understand the viscosity and density differences between gas and oil to appreciate why the gas/oil displacement process can be very inefficient. Gases at reservoir conditions have viscosities of 0.02 cp, whereas oil viscosities generally range from 0.5 cp to tens of centipoises. Gases at reservoir conditions have densities generally one-third or less than that of oil.
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...Vertical or gravity drainage gas displacement This page discusses the primary manner in which the ...immiscible gas/oil ...displacement process has been used in qualitative terms. This is the use of ...
This page discusses the primary manner in which the immiscible gas/oil displacement process has been used in qualitative terms. This is the use of gas injection high on structure to displace oil downdip toward the production wells that are completed low in the oil column. In many cases, an original gas cap was present, so the gas was injected into that gas cap interval (seeFigure 1[1] for cross-sectional view of anticlinal reservoir with gas cap over oil column with dip angleฮฑ and thickness h). In this situation, the force of gravity is at work, trying to stabilize the downward gas/oil displacement process by keeping the gas on top of the oil and counteracting the unstable gas/oil viscous displacement process. If the oil production rate is kept below the critical rate, then the gas/oil contact (GOC) will move downward at a uniform rate.
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...Immiscible gas injection in oil reservoirs A variety of gases can and have been used for ...immiscible gas displacement, with lean hydrocarbon ...gas used for most applications to date. Historically, ...
Gas injection projects are undertaken when and where there is a readily available supply of gas. This gas supply typically comes from produced solution gas or gas-cap gas, gas produced from a deeper gas-filled reservoir, or gas from a relatively close gas field. Such projects take a variety of forms, including the following: * Reinjection of produced gas into existing gas caps overlying producing oil columns.
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...eservoir characterization study G * PEH:Geologically Based, Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling * Geology impact on ...Geology in reservoir models * Geostatistics K * Kriging and cokriging L * Layer thickness evaluation... * Lithology and rock type determination R * Reservoir geology * Reservoir simulation applications...
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...PEH:Immiscible Gas Injection in Oil Reservoirs Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. ...hysics Edward D. Holstein, Editor Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 12 โ Immiscible Gas Injection in Oil Reservoirs H.R. (Hal) Warner Jr., Warner Consulting Services and E.D. Holstein, ...nsultant Pgs. 1103-1147 ISBN 978-1-55563-120-8 Get permission for reuse This chapter concerns gas injection into oil reservoirs to increase oil recovery by ...
The conceptual aspects of the displacement of oil by gas in reservoir rocks are discussed in this section. There are three aspects to this displacement: gas and oil viscosities, gas/oil capillary pressure (Pc) and relative permeability (kr) data, and the compositional interaction, or component mass transfer, between the oil and gas phases. The first two topics are discussed in this section; the third is discussed in the next section. Gas/Oil Viscosity and Density Contrast One must first understand the viscosity and density differences between gas and oil to appreciate why the gas/oil displacement process can be very inefficient. Gases at reservoir conditions have viscosities of 0.02 cp, whereas oil viscosities generally range from 0.5 cp to tens of centipoises.
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- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
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- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Gas-injection methods (1.00)
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...Areal displacement in a waterflood Before computer modeling was common, the 3D aspects of a waterflood evaluation we... SeeReservoir simulation for a review of numerical reservoir simulation. Contents * 1 Waterflood displacement in a five-spot pattern * 2 Streamtube waterflood calculations * 3 Waterflood pattern and well spa...on * 5 References * 6 Noteworthy papers in OnePetro * 7 External links * 8 See also Waterflood displacement in a five-spot pattern Because it has been studied extensively, taking a look at the five-spot pa...
Before computer modeling was common, the 3D aspects of a waterflood evaluation were simplified so that the technical problem could be treated as either a 2D-areal problem or a 2D-vertical problem. To simplify 3D to 2D areal, either the reservoir must be assumed to be vertically a thin and homogeneous rock interval (hence having no gravity considerations) or one of the published techniques to handle the vertical heterogeneity and expected gravity effects within the context of a 2D-areal calculation must be used. The primary areal considerations for a waterflood involve the choices of the pattern style (seeFigure 1[1]) and the well spacing. Maximizing the ultimate oil recovery and economic return from waterflooding requires making many pattern- and spacing-related decisions when secondary recovery is evaluated. This has been particularly true for onshore oil fields in the US in which a significant number of wells were drilled for primary production.
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...Sandstone reservoir with strong waterdrive and crestal gas injection This page provides a reservoir management case study for a sandstone field under strong... waterdrive in which crestal gas injection techniques have been implemented. Contents * 1 Background and geological informatio...ral Upper Cretaceous sandstone formations. The producing zones are in pressure communication in the gas cap and aquifer but separate in the oil column. The structure is a complexly faulted anticline with...
Production from this field is from several Upper Cretaceous sandstone formations. The producing zones are in pressure communication in the gas cap and aquifer but separate in the oil column. The structure is a complexly faulted anticline with a major fault separating the west and east flanks. There is minor communication across the fault. Gross thickness is 384 ft, and net-to-gross thickness is 0.7.
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...PEH:Estimation of Primary Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Condensate Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor... Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 18 โ Estimation of Primary Reserves of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Condensate Ron Harrell, SPE, Ryder Scott Co., Chap Cronquist, SPE Consultant Pgs. 1479-157...ues for analyzing reservoirs and reservoir fluids as well as greater understanding of how reservoir geology affects reservoir performance. In developing mathematical models that replicate the geologic enviro...
Reserves are those quantities of petroleum which are anticipated to be commercially recovered from known accumulations from a given date forward. All reserves estimates involve some degree of uncertainty. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data. The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal classifications, either proved or unproved. Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further subclassified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty regarding their recoverability.
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...hoe Bay field The Prudhoe Bay field, located on the North Slope of Alaska, is the largest oil and gas field in North America.[1][2][3][4][5] The main Permo-Triassic reservoir is a thick deltaic high-qu...bilities ranging from 50 to 3,000 md. The field contains 20 109 bbl of oil overlain by a 35 Tcf gas cap. The oil averages 27.6 API gravity and has an original solution ...gas-oil ratio (GOR) of about 735 scf/STB. Under much of the oil column area, there is a 20- to 60-ft-th...
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