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Search Petrowiki: Incompatible waters
...Glossary:Incompatible waters Waters, which, when mixed, may cause a precipitate...
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...Waters, which, when mixed, may cause a precipitate...
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...sulfate (BaSO4) scale is produced in the well and in facilities as the result of precipitation when incompatible waters (one having Ba ion and the other SO4 ion) are mixed or when the equilibrium of the flowing fluid re...
In the context of scales, a barium sulfate (BaSO4) scale is produced in the well and in facilities as the result of precipitation when incompatible waters (one having Ba ion and the other SO4 ion) are mixed or when the equilibrium of the flowing fluid reduced and a precipitate is triggered by over saturation or a physical upset. May also be associated with radioactivity or NORM scale when a radium or uranium isotope is part of the crystalline lattice structure.
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...sulfate (BaSO4) scale is produced in the well and in facilities as the result of precipitation when incompatible waters (one having Ba ion and the other SO4 ion) are mixed or when the equilibrium of the flowing fluid re...
In the context of scales, a barium sulfate (BaSO4) scale is produced in the well and in facilities as the result of precipitation when incompatible waters (one having Ba ion and the other SO4 ion) are mixed or when the equilibrium of the flowing fluid reduced and a precipitate is triggered by over saturation or a physical upset. May also be associated with radioactivity or NORM scale when a radium or uranium isotope is part of the crystalline lattice structure.
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... formation water. Additional salts may precipitate in the formation or in the wellbore (scale from "incompatible waters"). Many of these scaling processes can and do occur simultaneously. Scales tend to be mixtures. [1]...hole temperature (BHT) gas/gas condensate wells]. Barite scales are generally the result of mixing incompatible waters. For example, seawater is often injected into offshore reservoirs for pressure maintenance. Seawate...r has a high-sulfate content; formation waters often have high-barium contents. Mixing these ...
Wells producing water are likely to develop deposits of inorganic scales. Scales can and do coat perforations, casing, production tubulars, valves, pumps, and downhole completion equipment, such as safety equipment and gas lift mandrels. If allowed to proceed, this scaling will limit production, eventually requiring abandonment of the well. Technology is available for removing scale from tubing, flowline, valving, and surface equipment, restoring at least some of the lost production level. Technology also exists for preventing the occurrence or reoccurrence of the scale, at least on a temporary basis. "Temporary" is generally 3 to 12 months per treatment with conventional inhibitor "squeeze" technology, increasing to 24 or 48 months with combined fracture/inhibition methods. As brine, oil, and/or gas proceed from the formation to the surface, pressure and temperature change and certain dissolved salts can precipitate. If a brine is injected into the formation to maintain pressure and sweep the oil to the producing wells, there will eventually be a commingling with the formation water. Many of these scaling processes can and do occur simultaneously. Scales tend to be mixtures.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.69)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea (0.46)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (1.00)
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- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
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...:In-situ stress * Glossary:Incident wave * Glossary:Inclination * Glossary:Inclusion * Glossary:Incompatible waters * Glossary:Independent * Glossary:Index fossils * Glossary:Indexing tool * Glossary:Indicator ...
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...aightforward, as well as the injection of inhibitors immediately before the mixing of asphaltene in incompatible oils. Asphaltene inhibitors can be squeezed into the formation, similar to inorganic-scale inhibito...gas production are sedimentary rocks.[36] Radon gas and radium are to be expected in many formation waters. Radium is similar in chemistry to calcium and, particularly, barium. Radium sulfate coprecipitates...
Oil, gas, water, steel, and rock are not always chemically inert under oil/gas production conditions. Their mutual interactions, induced in part by changes in pressure and temperature, can lead to the accumulation of solids, both organic and inorganic (scaling) within the production system, as well as deterioration of the metals that the fluids contact (corrosion). This chapter discusses these effects in terms of root causes, the operational difficulties resulting, and the principles/methods that have been used to cope. Case histories are not presented in any detail, but references are given to specific papers dealing with cause/effect/cure examples. It is assumed that the reader is not an expert in things chemical but does have a passing acquaintance with the jargon of chemistry and with some of the general principles underlying chemical processes. "Well production problems" are taken as starting when fluids enter the wellbore and end when fluids reach the storage/treatment facilities. Problems arising from adverse chemistry, occurring in the formation, are discussed elsewhere in the literature. The disposal of toxic coproduction [e.g., H2S, Hg, and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM)] is mentioned briefly in this chapter and is discussed in the chapter on facilities in the Facilities and Construction Engineering section of thisHandbook. This chapter also does not treat the flow engineering problems, multiple-phase production problems, and the in-situ measurement/control problems attendant to producing hydrocarbons.
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- Geology > Mineral > Sulfate (0.69)
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- Geology > Mineral > Sulfide (0.47)
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- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Constituents > Salts/Sulphates/Scales (0.94)
- South America > Venezuela > Eastern Venezuela Basin > Furrial Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
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... fluids are injected over long periods of time with small unfiltered solids in the fluid. Likewise, incompatible fluids may cause solids precipitation deeper in the formation. Repeated acid treatments also may le...on fluid analysis helps select appropriate displacement fluids to isolate formation fluids that are incompatible with either the acid or the spent acid products. * Formation matrix characterization identifies po...alysis is much more complicated, so emulsion tests and sludge tests have been developed to identify incompatible crude oils. Sulfate ion content High sulfate-ion content exists in some formation ...
Since the most common use of matrix acidizing is the removal of formation damage, it is important to understand the nature of the damage that exists so that an appropriate treatment can be designed. Well testing and well test analysis generate a skin factor and well completion efficiency. This is insufficient alone for formation damage diagnosis. Well performance analysis has provided a beneficial tool to identify the location and thickness of damage at flow points in the near wellbore area. Models of flow into perforations and gravel-packed tunnels provide a way to relate the location and severity of damage to the completion procedure that preceded it.
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...on is significant. Shale inhibitors frequently used are salts, glycols and amines, all of which are incompatible with the use of bentonite. These systems typically derive their viscosity profile from polymers suc...y: * Pay zone invasion and plugging by fine particles * Formation clay swelling * Commingling of incompatible fluids * Movement of dislodged formation pore-filling particles * Changes in reservoir-rock wetta...required in response to the increasing importance of viscosity issues as operators move into deeper waters. Early ester-based systems exhibited high kinematic viscosity, a condition that is magnified in the...
There are several different types of drilling fluids, based on both their composition and use. The three key factors that drive decisions about the type of drilling fluid selected for a specific well are: * Cost * Technical performance * Environmental impact. Selecting the correct type of fluid for the specific conditions is an important part of successful drilling operations. Water-based fluids (WBFs) are the most widely used systems, and are considered less expensive than oil-based fluids (OBFs) or synthetic-based fluids (SBFs). The OBFs and SBFs--also known as invert-emulsion systems--have an oil or synthetic base fluid as the continuous(or external) phase, and brine as the internal phase.
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...duction of suspended solids in a completion or workover fluid or the dispersion of in-situ fines by incompatible fluids and/or high interstitial velocities. Chemical plugging is caused by mixing ...incompatible fluids that precipitate solids. If formation damage is the cause for poor production, the well is a... fluids are injected over long periods of time with small unfiltered solids in the fluid. Likewise, incompatible fluids may precipitate deeper in the formation. Repeated acid treatments also may leave damage deep...
Acidizing is used to either stimulate a well to greater than ideal matrix reservoir flow or to remove damage. These are two distinct and different purposes, the field applications and results of which are often merged or confused. Basically, there are two types of acid treatments that are related to injection rates and pressures. Injection rates resulting in pressures below fracture pressure are termed "matrix acidizing," while those above fracture pressure are termed "fracture acidizing." Figure 1.1 shows the increase in pressure linearly with rate until parting pressure is attained, at which time rate can continue to increase with little change in pressure above parting pressure. Matrix acidizing is used primarily for damage removal, while fracture acidizing is used to enlarge the effective wellbore by creating an acid-etched fracture deep into the wellbore for relatively low-permeability formations to improve well productivity several-fold. This chapter focuses on matrix acidizing.
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- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
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