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Search Petrowiki: Joint probability
...Glossary:Joint probability The ...probability that both of two events, say A and B, will occur in symbols P(A&B)...
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...The probability that both of two events, say A and B, will occur in symbols P(A&B)...
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...t mixer * Glossary:Jet nozzle * Glossary:Jet pump * Glossary:Jetting * Glossary:JOA * Glossary:Joint * Glossary:...Joint operation agreement * Glossary:...Joint probability * Glossary:...
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...data.[2] A reservoir model based on both static and dynamic data can be developed by generating the joint conditional ...probability P(AวB,C) where A is the simulation event (k(u), u ฯต Reservoir), B is the information from the "hard...tic and dynamic characteristics. When a permanence of ratio hypothesis is employed, the conditional probability P(AวB,C) can be expressed in terms of P(A), P(AวB), and P(AวC). The first term, P(A), is known give...
Dynamic data is information that changes asynchronously as the information is updated. Unlike static data, which is infrequently accessed and unlikely to be modified, or streaming data, which has a constant flow of information, dynamic data involves updates that may come at any time, with sporadic periods of inactivity in between.[1] In the context of reservoir engineering, dynamic data is used during the creation of a reservoir model in conjunction with historical static data.[2] A reservoir model based on both static and dynamic data can be developed by generating the joint conditional probability P(AวB,C) where A is the simulation event (k(u), u ฯต Reservoir), B is the information from the "hard data" and C is the information from the production data. When modeled accurately, any sampling from the conditional distribution would produce accurate static and dynamic characteristics. When a permanence of ratio hypothesis is employed, the conditional probability P(AวB,C) can be expressed in terms of P(A), P(AวB), and P(AวC).
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...ommunication. As the name suggests, it is intended to develop and explain features of both data and probability distributions. We begin the discussion with data, perhaps visualized as collections of numbers expr... common practice to extend the language to three common types of graphs used to relate variables to probability: * Histograms * ...Probability density functions * Cumulative distributions We habitually use the same words (mean, median, stan...
Descriptive statistics should aid communication. As the name suggests, it is intended to develop and explain features of both data and probability distributions. We habitually use the same words (mean, median, standard deviation, and so on) in the context of data as well as for these graphs. In so doing, we create an additional opportunity for miscommunication. Although we require only a few words and phrases from a lexicon of statistics and probability, it is essential that we use them carefully. There is an unspoken objective when we start with data: we imagine the data as a sample from some abstract population, and we wish to describe the population. We use simple algebraic formulas to obtain various statistics or descriptors of the data, in hopes of inferring what the underlying population (i.e., reality, nature, the truth) might look like. We can use various functions in Excel to describe this set of data. The "underlying populations" in this case would refer to the corresponding data for all the wells we could drill in the field.
...tainty methods: Monte Carlo simulation and decision trees, along with the review of fundamentals of probability and statistics language necessary to carry out analysis and present results. Contents * 1 Overvi...tral Tendency * 3.3 Measures of Dispersion and Symmetry * 3.4 Historigrams, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions (Density Functions and Cumulative Distribution Functions) * 3.5 Curve Fitting: The R...elationship Between Histograms and Density Functions * 3.6 Laws of Probability * 4 The Tools of the Trade * 4.1 Introduction * 4.2 Decision Trees * 4.3 Utility Functions * 4...
The oil and gas industry invests money and other resources in projects with highly uncertain outcomes. We drill complex wells and build gas plants, refineries, platforms, and pipelines where costly problems can occur and where associated revenues might be disappointing. We may lose our investment; we may make a handsome profit. We are in a risky business. Assessing the outcomes, assigning probabilities of occurrence and associated values, is how we analyze and prepare to manage risk.
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...ties * 5 API Connection Ratings * 5.1 Coupling Internal Yield Pressure * 5.2 Round-Thread Casing-Joint Strength * 5.3 Buttress Casing ...Joint Strength * 5.4 Extreme-Line Casing-...Joint Strength * 5.5 Proprietary Connections * 6 Connection Failures * 7 Connection Design Limits * 8...
Casing is the major structural component of a well. Casing is needed to maintain borehole stability, prevent contamination of water sands, isolate water from producing formations, and control well pressures during drilling, production, and workover operations. Casing provides locations for the installation of blowout preventers, wellhead equipment, production packers, and production tubing. The cost of casing is a major part of the overall well cost, so selection of casing size, grade, connectors, and setting depth is a primary engineering and economic consideration. Casing Strings There are six basic types of casing strings.
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...-Casing failure criteria. Fig. 7.3--Design factors for casing failure criteria. While a number of joint connections are available, the API recognizes three basic types: coupling with rounded thread (long...to the coupling also results in smaller gaps and improves leak resistance. The round-thread casing-joint strength is given as the lesser of the fracture strength of the pin and the jump-out strength. The ...(7.17) The jump-out strength is given by ...(7.18) where Fj minimum joint strength, lbf, Ajp cross-sectional area of the pipe wall under the last perfect thread, in.2, ฯ...
Casing and tubing strings are the main parts of the well construction. All wells drilled for the purpose of oil/gas production (or injecting materials into underground formations) must be cased with material with sufficient strength and functionality. Therefore, this chapter provides the basic knowledge for practical casing and tubing strength evaluation and design. Casing is the major structural component of a well. Casing is needed to maintain borehole stability, prevent contamination of water sands, isolate water from producing formations, and control well pressures during drilling, production, and workover operations. Casing provides locations for the installation of blowout preventers, wellhead equipment, production packers, and production tubing. The cost of casing is a major part of the overall well cost, so selection of casing size, grade, connectors, and setting depth is a primary engineering and economic consideration. Tubing is the conduit through which oil and gas are ...
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... or resistance of the structure. While based on experience, these factors give no indication of the probability of failure of a given structure, as they do not explicitly consider the randomness of the design va...ict structural failure. Such probabilistic design methodologies allow either the computation of the probability of failure (Pf) of a given structure or the design of a structure that meets a target ...probability of failure. Reliability-based techniques have been formally applied to the design of load-bearing ...
Reliability-based approaches are probabilistic in nature and explicitly identify all the design variables and parameters that determine the load effect and strength of the structure. Moreover, they use a limit-states approach to the design of tubulars, rather than elasticity-based initial yield criteria to predict structural failure. Such probabilistic design methodologies allow either the computation of the probability of failure (Pf) of a given structure or the design of a structure that meets a target probability of failure. Reliability-based techniques have been formally applied to the design of load-bearing structures in several disciplines. However, their application to the design of oilfield tubulars is relatively new. Two different reliability-based approaches have been considered: the more fundamental quantitative risk assessment (QRA) approach and the more easily applied load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format. Comparison of SF to the estimated design reliability offers a reliability-based interpretation of WSD and gives insight into the design reliabilities implicit in WSD.
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...d conditions. The most important mechanical properties of casing and tubing are: While a number of joint connections are available, the API recognizes three basic types: Threads are used as mechanical me...to the coupling also results in smaller gaps and improves leak resistance. The round-thread casing-joint strength is given as the lesser of the fracture strength of the pin and the jump-out strength. The ... ...(3) The jump-out strength is given by ...(4) Fj minimum joint strength, lbf, Ajp cross-sectional area of the pipe wall under the last perfect thread, in.2, ...
Casing and tubing strings are the main parts of the well construction. All wells drilled for the purpose of oil or gas production (or injecting materials into underground formations) must be cased with material with sufficient strength and functionality. Casing is the major structural component of a well. The cost of casing is a major part of the overall well cost, so selection of casing size, grade, connectors, and setting depth is a primary engineering and economic consideration. Conductor casing is the first string set below the structural casing (i.e., drive pipe or marine conductor run to protect loose near-surface formations and to enable circulation of drilling fluid).
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