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Search Petrowiki: Medium texture
...Glossary:Medium texture The ...texture exhibited by loam, silt loam, silt, and sandy clay loam soils. A soil containing large quantities o...
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...The texture exhibited by loam, silt loam, silt, and sandy clay loam soils. A soil containing large quantities o...
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...ter * Glossary:Mechanical integrity test * Glossary:Mechanical jar * Glossary:Median * Glossary:Medium radius * Glossary:...Medium texture * Glossary:MEG * Glossary:Memory logs * Glossary:Memory tool * Glossary:Meniscus * Glossary:Me...
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...hysical data. This problem is best resolved by linking petrophysical measurements to rock fabric or texture, and the number of "rock-fabric" facies needed to quantify the geologic model is generally much low...sitional facies. Examples of carbonate rock-fabric facies include: * Grain-dominated packstone * Medium crystalline dolowackestone * Moldic grainstone. In carbonate reservoirs, rock fabrics include dia...eability and act as flow barriers in the reservoir. * Fig. 3 โ Relationship between siliciclastic texture, porosity, and permeability in unconsolidated sediments.(a) Porosity varies with sorting and not wi...
Reservoir models are constructed by distributing petrophysical properties in 3D space with geologic models as a template. Geologic models are constructed by distributing facies within a sequence stratigraphic framework using the systematic distribution of facies within a depositional model as a guide. There are many types of facies, and facies selection is normally based on the question to be answered. Water depth and changes in sea level are key questions when building a sequence stratigraphic model, and fossil and other grain types together with depositional textures are keys to estimating water depth. Thus, numerous "depositional" facies are commonly described from core material.
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology (1.00)
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...enetically into Opal CT. (Opal CT is sometimes called 'porcelanite' because it has a porcelain-like texture.) Dissolution and recrystallization of the Opal A results in the minerals cristobalite & tridymite,...ses. It is mined and ground into a powder caled 'diatomaceous earth' that is an excellent filtering medium (e.g., used for water purification and swimming pool filters) and has various uses in the food indu...
Diatomite The term'Diatomite' is used to refer to biogenic, siliceous deposits composed mainly of the frustules of diatoms with varying amounts of detrital material, mainly clay & silt. The diatoms, which are pelagic phyto-plankton, are composed of amorphous colloidal silica, in the so-called Opal A phase of silica mineralogy. The diatoms sink to the bottom of the ocean or lake to form an ooze that gradually becomes lithified as the water is squeezed out. At about 125ยบF, due to increasing depth of burial, the Opal A becomes unstable and changes diagenetically into Opal CT. (Opal CT is sometimes called'porcelanite' because it has a porcelain-like texture.) Dissolution and recrystallization of the Opal A results in the minerals cristobalite & tridymite, which are more stable forms of silica.
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...ogy. * Fig. 1 โ Classification of siliciclastic rocks by (a) composition, (b) grain size, and (c) texture. Theฯ scale is defined as ฯ -log2(size). The porosity and permeability of unconsolidated silicic...pread across the fan as sheet-flow. Debris flows result when clay and water provide a low-viscosity medium of high yield strength capable of transporting larger particles under gravity. Wave and tidal curre...akes or the ocean, improving sorting and reservoir quality. Eolian deposits are typically fine- to medium-grained, well-sorted, quartzose sand with pronounced crossbedding. The sand is transported and depo...
Siliciclastic (commonly referred to as clastic) rocks are composed of terrigenous material formed by the weathering of pre-existing rocks, whereas carbonate rocks are composed principally of sediment formed from seawater by organic activity. This difference effects hydrocarbon recovery and therefore is important to understand. Clastic sediments are composed of grains and clay minerals, and siliciclastic sediments are first classified according to grain type. Second, siliciclastics are described in terms of grain size (Figure 1b). Grain-size classes include: * Gravels (boulder size to 2 mm in diameter) * Sands (2 to 0.0625 mm) * Mud, which includes silts (0.0625 to 0.004 mm) and clay ( 0.004 mm) Mixtures are described with a modifying term for a less-abundant size, such as clayey sandstone, sandy siltstone, or muddy sandstone (Figure 1c).
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...(Fig. 3[1][2][3] ). For example, a sand with grain diameters between 250 and 500 ฮผm is classed as a medium-grained sand. The sedimentological phi scale provides a convenient label to the size classes, andD ...ta ofFig. 5, although diagenetic effects have blurred the separations seen inFig. 4, so some of the medium-grained samples have k as low as in the very fine-grained samples. * Fig. 5 โ Permeability/porosi...zones in the same field may have different dolomite textures,[12] suggesting that original sediment texture and chemistry were the main factors determining the distribution of crystal sizes. * Fig. 9 โ Per...
Permeability values of rocks range over many factors of 10; therefore, permeability is plotted on a logarithmic scale. Values commonly encountered in petroleum reservoirs range from a fraction of a millidarcy to several darcies. This page discusses factors affecting permeability associated with different rock types. The log10(k)-ฮฆ plot of Fig.1 shows four data sets from sands and sandstones, illustrating the reduction in permeability and porosity that occurs as pore dimensions are reduced with compaction and alteration of minerals (diagenesis). In these examples: * k of newly deposited beach sands exceeds 30 darcies * k of partially consolidated sandstones ranges from 300 to 2,000 md * k of consolidated sandstones ranges from 0.01 to 100 md * k of tight gas sandstones is 0.01 md Porosity is reduced from a maximum of 52% in newly deposited sandstones to as low as 1% in consolidated sandstones.
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...d homogeneous * Pore space is well connected and in pressure equilibrium (zero frequency limit) * Medium is a closed system with no pore fluid movement across boundaries * No chemical interaction between... of the mineral. ...(3) This function can be complicated and depends on: * Rock texture (porosity, clay content, pore geometry, grain size, grain contact, cementation, mineral composition...tions generated from dry velocity data of relatively clean rocks. The parameterD is related to rock texture and should be calibrated for local reservoir conditions. In general, it has a narrow range from 1.4...
To extract fluid types or saturations from seismic, crosswell, or borehole sonic data, we need a procedure to model fluid effects on rock velocity and density. Numerous techniques have been developed. However, Gassmann's equations are by far the most widely used relations to calculate seismic velocity changes because of different fluid saturations in reservoirs. The importance of this grows as seismic data are increasingly used for reservoir monitoring. Gassmann's formulation is straightforward, and the simple input parameters typically can be directly measured from logs or assumed based on rock type.
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... classification must be modified, however, because diagenesis significantly alters the depositional texture, and a rock-fabric classification that incorporates diagenetic overprints and that can be linked to...ned to the point at which wave and storm energy increase, lime mud is winnowed out, and a packstone texture is produced. The increase in grain content, possibly capped by packstone, is used to define sea-lev...rtion to the amount of cement. Compaction and associated cementation are a function of depositional texture and the time-overburden history. Compaction is both a physical and a chemical process resulting fro...
Introduction Hydrocarbons are formed by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter that accumulates from the deposition of plankton in deep ocean basins. Oil and gas are generated as the sediments are buried and the temperature rises. Oil is the first hydrocarbon to be generated, followed by wet gas, and lastly by dry gas. Once generated, oil and gas flow vertically and laterally through overlying sediments because of the density difference between hydrocarbons and formation water and they migrate through permeable formations until they encounter a reservoir trap in which oil and gas accumulate. Oil will fill the traps first because it is first to be generated.
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...ity and performance in porous media is strongly influenced by lamellae/pore-wall interactions. Foam texture in porous media is believed to most often be controlled by the porous media. Mobility reduction ...s films through constricting pore bodies and, especially, through constricted pore throats. As the texture of a foam becomes finer, the apparent viscosity of the foam increases, and the foam mobility decrea...he number of foam lamellae films within a given volume of the porous rock has increased; thus, foam texture is an important variable in determining the amount of mobility reduction that will occur during foa...
Understanding how foams behave and perform in porous media is critical to the effective application of foams forconformance improvement applications in matrix-rock reservoirs. How foam exists and functions in porous media is not always intuitively obvious on the basis of how foam behaves in bulk form (e.g., when existing in a bottle). In addition to the properties of bulk foams, which for the most part, are applicable to foam that resides in porous media, there are two specialized properties of foams that reside in porous media. In general, foams in matrix rock pores do not exist as a continuous interconnected liquid/film structure that contains gas bubbles, as is the case for a bulk foam. Foam in porous media exists as individual gas bubbles that are in direct contact with the wetting fluid of the pore walls.
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