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Search Petrowiki: Prime Movers
...Prime movers PetroWiki In the energy industry, ...prime movers drive pumping units, compressors, chillers, and other forms of related equipment Contents * 1 Ty...pes of prime movers * 1.1 Natural gas turbines * 1.2 Reciprocating engines * 1.3 Steam turbines * 1.4 Electric moto...
Each type of prime mover has unique characteristics that make it appropriate for an application on the basis of site conditions and fuel energy availability. Steam turbines can also be used. Steam turbines are not common in field operations and are used primarily in plants. Electric motors are not considered "prime" movers and are discussed in the Electrical systems page. Use this section for citation of items referenced in the text to show your sources.
Petrowiki
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.49)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.49)
...PEH:Prime Movers PetroWiki Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Ch...ineering Kenneth E. Arnold, Editor Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 8 – Prime Movers Jim Strawn* and Joe Lange, Waukesha Engine, Dresser Inc. *Deceased Pgs. 301-316 ISBN 978-1-555... industry, pumping units, compressors, chillers, and other forms of related equipment are driven by prime movers. The most common ...
In the energy industry, pumping units, compressors, chillers, and other forms of related equipment are driven by prime movers. The most common prime movers in the oil and gas industry are natural gas turbines and reciprocating engines. Steam turbines can also be used. Steam turbines are not common in field operations and are used primarily in plants; therefore, they are not discussed in this chapter. Electric motors are not considered "prime" movers and are discussed in the chapter on Electrical Systems. Each type of prime mover has unique characteristics that make it appropriate for an application on the basis of site conditions and fuel energy availability. The availability and economics of the prime mover fuel source and horsepower requirements frequently dictate that reciprocating internal combustion engines be selected to drive energy industry equipment. This section focuses on the reciprocating internal combustion engine and explores the difference between engine speeds, types of engine aspiration, and typical expected exhaust emissions. The three main types of engine combustion--two stroke, four stroke, and diesel--are discussed in the following paragraphs. All three types of engine combustion convert the chemical potential energy found in the fuel to mechanical kinetic energy. The combustion cycle and fuel type required to complete this task are what distinguish the three engine types from each other. Two-stroke cycle engines or two-cycle engines complete their combustion cycle in two piston strokes that are accomplished with one revolution of the crankshaft. The two strokes are the power and compression strokes. The two-stroke engine is unique because it does not control the release of exhaust or the admission of an air/fuel mixture into the cylinder with a traditional valve arrangement, one intake and one exhaust. Two-Stroke Cycle As shown in Figure 1.1, the process of filling the cylinder with an air/fuel mixture and exhausting the burned gases occurs almost simultaneously near the end of the power stroke.
Petrowiki
air emission, application, aspirated engine, catalyst, combustion, combustor, compressors engines and turbines, cylinder, Downstream Oil & Gas, Efficiency, engine, enhanced recovery, four-cycle engine, hydrocarbon, knowledge management, lean-burn engine, mover, piston, revolution, silencer, two-stroke engine, Upstream Oil & Gas
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Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
...Engineering Kenneth E. Arnold, Editor Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 8 – Prime Movers Jim Strawn* and Joe Lange, Waukesha Engine, Dresser Inc. *Deceased ISBN 978-1-55563-116-1 Get per... industry, pumping units, compressors, chillers, and other forms of related equipment are driven by prime movers. The most common ...prime movers in the oil and gas industry are natural gas turbines and reciprocating engines. Steam turbines can ...
In the energy industry, pumping units, compressors, chillers, and other forms of related equipment are driven by prime movers. The most common prime movers in the oil and gas industry are natural gas turbines and reciprocating engines. Steam turbines can also be used. Steam turbines are not common in field operations and are used primarily in plants; therefore, they are not discussed in this chapter. Electric motors are not considered "prime" movers and are discussed in the chapter on Electrical Systems. Each type of prime mover has unique characteristics that make it appropriate for an application on the basis of site conditions and fuel energy availability. The availability and economics of the prime mover fuel source and horsepower requirements frequently dictate that reciprocating internal combustion engines be selected to drive energy industry equipment. This section focuses on the reciprocating internal combustion engine and explores the difference between engine speeds, types of engine aspiration, and typical expected exhaust emissions.
Petrowiki
air emission, application, aspirated engine, atmospheric pressure, compression stroke, compressors engines and turbines, cylinder, Diesel Engine, Efficiency, engine, four-cycle engine, gas turbine, interchangeability, knowledge management, output power, piston, pollutant, prime mover, Upstream Oil & Gas, waukesha engine
SPE Disciplines:
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
...Prime mover for sucker-rod pumping unit PetroWiki The ...prime mover (PM) rotates the gear-reducer gears through a V-belt drive. The two most common PMs are elect...re are a number of published papers on installation, care, operation, and lubrication of engines as prime movers for pumping units.[15][16][17][18][19] [20][21] Gas-engine performance needs to be derated for alt...
The prime mover (PM) rotates the gear-reducer gears through a V-belt drive. The two most common PMs are electric motors and internal combustion (IC) engines. The decision concerning which to use depends on a variety of considerations, which includes the following: * Availability of the power source (electricity or combustible fluid) * HP required to pump the well * Efficiency of the system * Ability to control the PM to match the on/off potential operation of the pumping unit * Availability of field and/or service personnel capable of maintaining and repairing the equipment * Condition of the gas (sweet or sour) or availability now and in the future of the gas or liquids (i.e., propane or diesel) if an IC engine is used * Current and future expected cost for the power source * Anticipated full-cycle total cost (including initial capital, operating, maintenance, downtime, and repairs) for the duration of the well These considerations, as well as other factors, have been discussed in numerous publications.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The characteristics of these engines are summarized here, and the detailed comparisons and field experiences have been published elsewhere.[11][12] Four-cycle, high-speed engines (greater than 750 rpm): * Best suited for portable test installations vs. permanent installations * Lower initial cost * Lower weight per HP * Wide speed and power range * Operates on a variety of fuels * Large speed variations occur during pumping cycle because of a small flywheel effect * Operates on a fixed throttle with the governor mechanism acting only as an overspeed device * Has relatively short life because of the fast moving parts and the close tolerances required * Requires frequent oil changes * Requires frequent maintenance * Major repairs require that the engine be removed from the pumping unit These test data should be requested and furnished to the purchaser from the manufacturer. The data should include the manufacturer's curves showing the torque, maximum brake HP, and the rated-brake HP vs. engine speed. These are important to know the speed range in which the engine would be able to operate. A general guide for installation and maintenance of gas engines is API RP 7C-11F,[14] which covers all three types of engines and includes a troubleshooting section. This practice should be used as a starting point for engines unless the specific manufacturer's operating manual details otherwise. Additionally, there are a number of published papers on installation, care, operation, and lubrication of engines as prime movers for pumping units.[15][16][17][18][19]
Petrowiki
SPE Disciplines: Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Beam and related pumping techniques (1.00)
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
...Prime mover for CT unit PetroWiki Coiled Tubing (CT) power supply units are built in many different con...mp systems powered by diesel engines, though a limited few employ electrical power. In general, the prime mover packages used onCT units are equipped with diesel engines and multistage hydraulic pumps that...ference, 15-18 February. 27432-MS. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27432-MS. External links See also Prime movers PEH:Coiled-Tubing_Well_Intervention_and_Drilling_Operations...
Coiled Tubing (CT) power supply units are built in many different configurations, depending on the operating environment. Most are hydraulic-pressure pump systems powered by diesel engines, though a limited few employ electrical power. In general, the prime mover packages used onCT units are equipped with diesel engines and multistage hydraulic pumps that are typically rated for operating pressures of 3,000 to 5,000 psig. The hydraulic drive unit is supplied in the size necessary to operate all of the CT components in use and will vary with the needs of the hydraulic circuits employed. The most common hydraulic power pack system is described as an "open loop" circuit, in which the fluid is discharged from the prescribed motor and returned to the hydraulic reservoir at atmospheric pressure.
Petrowiki
SPE Disciplines:
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.41)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.41)
...allows virtually vibration-free operation, as well as fewer moving parts and wear points than other prime movers. Design consideration and operation Maximum cycle temperature, TRIT The output power of a gas ...ncy ranges, which are not transmitted as far as the lower-frequency noises produced by slower-speed prime movers such as reciprocating engines. Most high-frequency noise produced by the turbine is generated in th...cycle design gives a cleaner combustion and produces a lower level of pollutant compared with other prime movers, which is a major advantage. The gas turbine pollutants that typically are regulated are: * Oxides...
Gas turbines range in size from microturbines at 50 hp (37.3 kW) to large industrial turbines of 250,000 hp (190 kW). This page focuses on the gas turbine engine, the differences between types of turbines, and items to consider when they are applied as theprime mover. Degree of packaging * 4 Exhaust emissions * 4.1 Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) * 4.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) * 4.3 Unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) * 4.4 Particulates * 4.5 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) * 5 Emission control * 6 Exhaust heat * 7 References * 8 Noteworthy papers in OnePetro * 9 External links * 10 See also As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 1, the "open" Brayton cycle is the thermodynamic cycle for all gas turbines. Air enters the compressor inlet at ambient conditions (Point 1), is compressed (Point 2), and passes through the combustion system, where it is combined with fuel and "fired" to the maximum cycle temperature (Point 3). The heated air is expanded through the gas producer turbine section (between Points 3 and 5), where the energy of the working fluid is extracted to generate power for driving the compressor, and expanded through the power turbine to drive the load (Point 7).
Petrowiki
air emission, combustor, compressors engines and turbines, Efficiency, gas turbine engine, hydrocarbon, industrial gases, inlet, knowledge management, mover, noise, pollutant, producer turbine, shaft, silencer, so2, Sulfur Dioxide, TRIT, turbine, turbine engine, turbine rotor, type, Upstream Oil & Gas
SPE Disciplines:
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.41)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.41)
... Gas-fired turbines are the logical choice to replace the steam turbine for large pump drives. (SeePrime Movers). Internal combustion engines Internal-combustion engines are used to drive pumps when other pow...on operations is for fire water pumps and for crude-oil shipping pumps in offshore applications. SeePrime movers References Use this section for citation of items referenced in the text to show your sources. [...o See also PEH:Pumps Pumps Positive displacement pumps Centrifugal pumps Electrical systems Prime movers...
Pump drivers include electric motors, steam turbines, expansion turbines, gas turbines, and internal combustion engines. Three-phase alternating-current induction motors are the most commonly used driver for pumps because of the desirable characteristics of electricity as a power source and because the standard rotative speeds (1,750 and 3,500 rev/min) are well suited for driver centrifugal pumps. Large gas plants containing boilers use steam turbines to drive large pumps such as lean-oil pumps, boiler feed-water pumps, and solvent-circulation pumps. It is a common practice to select a turbine rated at pump speed and power requirements and to rely on the inherent flexibility of the turbine to provide for a margin of error. High-pressure process streams in gas plants commonly have pressure reduced for further processing.
Petrowiki
SPE Disciplines:
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.43)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.43)
...uid meters M * Motor enclosures * Motor specifications N * NEMA motor characteristics P * Prime mover for CT unit * ...Prime mover for sucker-rod pumping unit * ...Prime movers * PEH:...
The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total.
Petrowiki
SPE Disciplines: Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Processing Systems and Design > Compressors, engines and turbines (1.00)
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.49)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.49)
...g * 2 Surface drive systems * 2.1 Wellhead drive units * 2.2 Power transmission equipment * 2.3 Prime movers * 2.4 Safety shutdown devices * 2.5 Torque limiters * 2.6 Electronic speed control (ESC) sytems ...clude: * A wellhead drive unit (drive head) * A stuffing box * Power transmission equipment * A prime mover * Fig. 2--Basic surface equipment for PC pumping systems. In addition, the surface equipme...s the stuffing box assembly and that some units are fabricated to allow mounting of either electric prime movers or hydraulic motors. * Fig. 3--Hollow shaft wellhead drive units. One important function of the ...
A progressing cavity pump (PCP) system includes a variety of components. The basic system includesdownhole PC pumps (and appropriate elastomers), along with sucker rod and production tubing strings and surface drive equipment(which must include astuffing box). Surface-driven PCP systems require a sucker-rod string to transfer the torsional and axial loads from the surface drive system down to the bottomhole PC pump. Several different rod-string configurations are commonly used in PCP applications. These include continuous rods, standard rods with couplings (including hollow rods), standard rods with centralizers, and standard rods with bonded/molded rod guides. Within these categories are numerous additional variations resulting from differences in centralizer and rod guide design. The centralizers can be divided into two groups based on functionality. The first group consists of "coated" centralizers that have a urethane, plastic, or elastomer sleeve bonded to either a coupling or the rod body. The second group consists of "spin-thru" centralizers that have an outer stabilizer that is free to rotate on either an inner core or the rod body. With the spin-thru design, the rod string rotates inside the stabilizer, which remains stationary against the tubing.Figure 1 shows several different types of centralizers and rod guides.
Petrowiki
Anchor, application, artificial lift system, backspin, centralizer, configuration, Efficiency, friction, intake, inverter, knowledge management, manufacturer, mover, operation, operator, PCP application, progressing cavity pump, requirement, rotate, shaft, thrust bearing, torque, united states government, Upstream Oil & Gas
Industry:
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.55)
SPE Disciplines: Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Progressing cavity pumps (1.00)
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
... Processing * PEH:Oil and Gas Separators * PEH:Oil Storage P * PEH:Piping and Pipelines * PEH:Prime Movers * PEH:Project Management of Surface Facilities * PEH:Pumps S * PEH:Safety Systems W * PEH:W...
The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total.
Petrowiki
SPE Disciplines: Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Processing Systems and Design > Separation and treating (0.84)
Technology:
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.50)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.50)
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