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Search Petrowiki: Surface tension in oil systems
...Interfacial tension Interfacial or ...surface tension exists when two phases are present. These phases can be gas/...oil/water, or gas/water. Interfacial ...
Interfacial or surface tension exists when two phases are present. These phases can be gas/oil, oil/water, or gas/water. Interfacial tension is the force that holds the surface of a particular phase together and is normally measured in dynes/cm. It is a function of pressure, temperature, and the composition of each phase. Two forms of correlations for calculating gas/oil surface tension have been developed.
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...Surfactants that exhibit an effect on water or oil by changing fluid properties at the interface of the fluid. May be emulsifiers, demulsifiers, ...surface tension lowering , flocculants, deflocculants, wetting agents, etc...
...Wellhead systems Wellhead ...systems serve as the termination point of casing and tubing strings. As such, these ...systems control pressure and provide access to the main bore of the casing or tubing or to the annulus. Thi...
Wellhead systems serve as the termination point of casing and tubing strings. As such, these systems control pressure and provide access to the main bore of the casing or tubing or to the annulus. This pressure-controlled access allows drilling and completion activities to take place safely with minimal environmental risk. Multiple barriers are used, such as primary and secondary seals, to reduce risk in case of equipment failure. Offshore wellhead systems are normally more sophisticated in design to handle ocean currents, bending loads, and other loads induced by the environment during the life of the well.
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...PEH:Completion Systems Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volu... Joe Dunn Clegg, Editor Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 2 - Completion Systems By David Ruddock, SPE, Baker ...Oil Tools Pgs. 41-103 ISBN 978-1-55563-118-5 Get permission for reuse There are many completion o...
There are many completion options available to oil and gas producers. Many of the basic components appear similar to those used in the past, yet they have been vastly improved, and their performance has been optimized to suit numerous environments. There are several keys to designing a successful completion system and selecting components that are fit for purpose for both the downhole environment and application. Consideration must be given to the various modes under which the completion must operate and the effects any changes in temperature or differential pressure will have on the tubing string and packer. Ultimately, the system must be both efficient and cost-effective to achieve production and financial goals. A key factor in the completion design is the production rate; see other chapters in this section of the Handbook for additional information on this topic. The intention of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with the common components that make up the completion ...
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...MODU riser and mooring systems For successful floating mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) operations, proper marine riser and ...r management are critical. When dealing with MODU operations, there are two types of stationkeeping systems, spread mooring and DP. Contents * 1 MODU mooring equipment * 2 Subsea equipment * 3 Motion co...mpensation * 4 Surface BOP * 5 Slim risers * 6 References * 7 See also * 8 Noteworthy papers in OnePetro * 9 External...
For successful floating mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) operations, proper marine riser and mooring equipment and their management are critical. When dealing with MODU operations, there are two types of stationkeeping systems, spread mooring and DP. The vast majority of floating MODUs are equipped with spread-mooring systems. Some have a limited amount of dynamic thruster assist to their spread-mooring system. Almost all of today's semi and drillship MODUs have an eight-point mooring system consisting of anchor chain, wire rope, or a combination.
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...PEH:Mathematics of Vibrating Systems Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volu...chi, Editor Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 1 โ Mathematics of Vibrating Systems Alfred W. Eustes, III, PhD., PE, SPE, Colorado School of Mines Pgs. 1-43 ISBN 978-1-55563-108-...d Vibration Without Damping * 9.4 Forced Vibration With Damping * 10 Two-Degree-of-Freedom (2DOF) Systems * 10.1 Free Undamped 2DOF System * 10.2 Free Damped 2DOF System * 10.3 Forced Damped 2DOF System...
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...Fluid flow in PCP systems In a PCP system, produced fluid flows from the pump to ...surface through the annular area between the rod string and tubing. High fluid viscosities, elevated flow r... losses across couplings, centralizers, and rod guides produce upward forces that reduce rod-string tension. Contents * 1 Flow effects * 1.1 Single phase flow * 1.2 Multiphase flow * 2 References * 3 ...
In a PCP system, produced fluid flows from the pump to surface through the annular area between the rod string and tubing. High fluid viscosities, elevated flow rates, or restricted flow paths can result in large shear stresses developing in the fluid, which cause large frictional forces to act on the rod string. These effects can have the following implications on system loading: * Fluid shear stresses produce flow losses along the tubing and across couplings, centralizers, and rod guides that contribute to increased pump pressure loading. Fluid-flow effects can range from having a minor to a dominant influence on PCP system design. This is illustrated inFigure 1, which shows pressure losses for a range of flow rates and viscosities through a 100 m [328 ft] length of 76 mm [3.0 in.]
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...PEH:Introduction to Wellhead Systems Publication Information Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief Volu...ell, Editor Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 8 - Introduction to Wellhead Systems By Mike Speer, Dril-Quip, Inc. Pgs. 343-368 ISBN 978-1-55563-114-7 Get permission for reuse ...The objective of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the types of wellhead systems and equipment commonly found on wells drilled in today ' s ...
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...Rod and tubing design for PCP systems The rod string and tubing are important components of the overall progressing cavity pump (PCP) s...ystem. This page discusses considerations in the design of these systems. Contents * 1 Rod loading * 1.1 Axial load and torque * 1.2 Combined stress * 1.3 Rod string ... must be capable of carrying axial load and transmitting torque between the bottomhole pump and the surface drive. Therefore, rod-string design encompasses an evaluation of the axial ...
The rod string and tubing are important components of the overall progressing cavity pump (PCP) system. In a PCP system, the rod string must be capable of carrying axial load and transmitting torque between the bottomhole pump and the surface drive. Therefore, rod-string design encompasses an evaluation of the axial tension and torque loading conditions for the full range of anticipated operating conditions. An appropriate size and grade of rod string can then be selected on the basis of appropriate design criteria, such as ensuring that the maximum calculated combined stress does not exceed the yield capacity or manufacturer's recommended values. Fatigue-loading considerations must also be addressed in certain applications.
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...ing Joe Dunn Clegg, Editor Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 2 - Completion Systems By David Ruddock, SPE, Baker ...Oil Tools ISBN 978-1-55563-118-5 Get permission for reuse There are many completion options available... to oil and gas producers. Today's cased-hole completion ...
There are many completion options available to oil and gas producers. Many of the basic components appear similar to those used in the past, yet they have been vastly improved, and their performance has been optimized to suit numerous environments. There are several keys to designing a successful completion system and selecting components that are fit for purpose for both the downhole environment and application. Consideration must be given to the various modes under which the completion must operate and the effects any changes in temperature or differential pressure will have on the tubing string and packer. Ultimately, the system must be both efficient and cost-effective to achieve production and financial goals. A key factor in the completion design is the production rate; see other chapters in this section of the Handbook for additional information on this topic. The intention of this chapter is to familiarize the reader with the common components that make up the completion system and to understand their applications and constraints. The packer forms the basis of the cased-hole completion design. The packer is a sealing device that isolates and contains produced fluids and pressures within the wellbore to protect the casing and other formations above or below the producing zone. This is essential to the basic functioning of most wells. Packers have four key features: slip, cone, packing-element system, and body or mandrel. The slip is a wedge-shaped device with wickers (or teeth) on its face, which penetrate and grip the casing wall when the packer is set. The cone is beveled to match the back of the slip and forms a ramp that drives the slip outward and into the casing wall when setting force is applied to the packer. Once the slips have anchored into the casing wall, additional applied setting force energizes the packing-element system and creates a seal between the packer body and the inside diameter of the casing. Production packers can be classified into two groups: retrievable and permanent. Permanent packers can be removed from the wellbore only by milling.
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