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Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Jean Virieux, fellow of Ecole Normale Supérieure (Ulm), Professor at the Université Joseph Fourier- Grenoble, and member of the Institut Universitaire de France, is a seismologist working at the Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre). He earned his PhD in "Earthquakes: rupture and waves" in 1986 at the University Denis Diderot-Paris under the supervision of Pr. He received the EAGE Cagniard Medal in 2006, the SEG Best Paper Award in 2008 and a Bright Spots in 2009 with his coworkers, the Jaffé Grand Award of Académie des Sciences in 2009, the Barrabé Award of the Société Géologique de France, the Adion Medal of the Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur in 2012, and the EAGE Erasmus Award in 2013. Virieux's research is oriented to seismic-wave propagation modeling through field experiments and theoretical modeling in heterogeneous media. Traveltime tomographies based on ray theory or full-waveform inversion based on volumetric numerical methods solving elastodynamic equations allow high-resolution imaging of crustal structures (Mt.
Rockfall Simulation and Identification their Sources Locations Along Massive External Crystalline in Alps Zone Using LiDAR and Panorama Images: Case of La Grave, France
Choanji, Tiggi (Risk Group, ISTE, University of Lausanne, Geopolis – Quartier Mouline, Switzerland) | Fei, Li (Risk Group, ISTE, University of Lausanne, Geopolis – Quartier Mouline, Switzerland) | Wolff, Charlotte (Risk Group, ISTE, University of Lausanne, Geopolis – Quartier Mouline, Switzerland) | Sun, Chunwei (Risk Group, ISTE, University of Lausanne, Geopolis – Quartier Mouline, Switzerland) | Derron, Marc-Henri (Risk Group, ISTE, University of Lausanne, Geopolis – Quartier Mouline, Switzerland) | Jaboyedoff, Michel (Risk Group, ISTE, University of Lausanne, Geopolis – Quartier Mouline, Switzerland) | Bourrier, Frack (Université Grenoble-Alpes, INRAE, ETNA, France) | Gaucher, Romain (Service Ingénierie, Département des Hautes-Alpes, Gap, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, France) | Kouamé, Kan Jean (CURAT, Côte d’Ivoire, Bd. De l’Université, Université Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY d’Abidjan Cocody (Côte d’Ivoire))
ABSTRACT: Rockfall hazards are fundamental problems for roadway safety in hilly areas. Monitoring rockfall activity along the 17 km long road from Chambon to La Grave is necessary to assess frequency, return period, and magnitude of rockfall events. According to historical inventory, more than 15 rockfall occurred between 1999 and 2020. Therefore, annual LiDAR measurements, with a point density of 40 to 189 points/m, and more than 10’000 images from high-resolution cameras are used for detecting and evaluating rockfalls. Based on comparisons between 2020 and 2021, three rockfall sources totalling 200 m have been identified. Rock stability is assessed by analysing topography to identify potential rockfall sources using slope angle distribution (SAD) analysis and overhanging slopes from point clouds. Then, the trajectory from each identified source was simulated and verified using historical rockfall data. Thus, this combination of techniques better identifies and predicts deposited rockfall and impacts on infrastructures. INTRODUCTION Slope movement processes like rockfalls (Varnes 1978) are common in mountainous areas, height rock walls have the capacity to generate large rockfalls that are developing talus at their toe on which the blocks rebound, fragmented and slide, stopping or not on it. Consequently, rockfall hazards can be high on these talus slopes. The risks for persons on roads and in houses that are built on these talus or located below these cliffs can be high (Volkwein et al. 2011). Road access to La Grave is one road that connects Grenoble to Briançon in France. Along the side of the road is a cliff with a high slope, including several scree slopes. This area is constantly monitored for hazards as multiple hazards happened. So, this paper presents a case study to assess the sources of rockfalls and a statistical modelling of rockfall trajectories and an assessment of potentially impacted areas and infrastructures.
- Geology > Rock Type (0.99)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics (0.48)
Monitoring shipping emissions with various techniques towards ensuring compliance to the new regulations: The SCIPPER project
Ntziachristos, Leonidas (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) | Mamarikas, Sokratis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) | Verbeek, Ruud (TNO) | Grigoriadis, Achilleas (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki)
This paper presents the measurement techniques deployed by the European funded SCIPPER project in order to identify their potential in assisting regulatory authorities to enforce the new emission limits for shipping. On-board sensors, sniffer remote and remote optical devices were extensively used in field campaigns to measure over 1000 ship plumes in major European seas, such as the ports of Hamburg and Marseille, a route in the Baltic Sea and the English Channel. Demonstration results revealed the operational characteristics of the techniques, further to their pollutant detection sensitivity. A preliminary evaluation is conducted in this study considering several criteria of technology maturity, operational capacity, ease of implementation and costs.
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas (0.93)
- (2 more...)
- Europe > Sweden > Baltic Sea Basin (0.89)
- Europe > Russia > Baltic Sea Basin (0.89)
- Europe > Poland > Baltic Sea Basin (0.89)
- (7 more...)
_ To measure loads induced by nonimpacting waves on a vertical piercing cylinder, tests were performed in a 17 m long wave tank at the École Centrale Marseille. Different configurations of the cylinder (shape and size of the section and length) were studied for two focusing waves. Wave loads as calculated by the Morison equation were compared with measurements. The context for this experiment is the assessment of the hydrodynamic loads as a result of sloshing on the pump tower in liquefied natural gas tanks on floating structures. The comparisons turn out to be good in all cases studied, provided the Morison equation is used with relevant time series of liquid velocities and accelerations. Introduction Liquefied natural gas (LNG) membrane tanks are largely used on different kinds of floating structures such as LNG carriers, floating liquefied natural gas vessels, floating storage regasification units, LNG-fueled ships (LFSs), LNG bunker vessels, and all small-scale related applications. In these tanks, the liquefied gas remains in conditions close to thermodynamic equilibrium (-162°C at atmospheric pressure). Depending on the application, the volume of LNG tanks for floating structures ranges from a few thousand cubic meters for LFS or small-scale applications to about 55,000 m for tanks of the largest LNG carriers. Whatever the application, the shapes of these tanks are always prismatic, with large upper chamfers and smaller lower chamfers. The tanks do not include any structure that could mitigate LNG sloshing except a pump tower. As can be seen in Fig. 1, the pump tower is a tubular, vertical, stainless steel structure that enables the loading and unloading of the LNG, thanks to pumps located at its base. It is mainly made of three large vertical pipes: the emergency pipe at the front and two discharge pipes at the rear, connected together by struts. Located at the rear of the tank, in the central part but not necessarily exactly in the middle, it hangs from the liquid dome and is horizontally guided at its base by the pump tower base support.
- North America > United States (0.46)
- Asia (0.28)
- Europe > France > Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur > Bouches-du-Rhône > Marseille (0.25)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping > Tanker (0.74)
_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202775, “Application of Stratigraphic Forward Modeling to Carbonate-Reservoir Characterization: A New Paradigm From the Albion Research and Development Project,” by Jean Borgomano, Aix-Marseille University, and Gérard Massonnat and Cyprien Lanteaume, TotalEnergies, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Improving carbonate-reservoir prediction, field development, and production forecasts, especially in zones lacking data, requires novel reservoir-modeling approaches, including process-based methods. Classical geostatistic modeling methods alone cannot match this challenge, particularly if subtle stratigraphic architectures or sedimentary and diagenetic geometries not directly identified as properties with well data control the reservoir heterogeneity. Stratigraphic forward-modeling approaches can provide pertinent information to carbonate-reservoir characterization. The complete paper describes a modeling package tested and calibrated with high-resolution stratigraphic outcrop models. It allows valid prediction of carbonate facies associations mimicking the spatial distribution mapped along the Urgonian platform transects. Background Classical carbonate-reservoir characterization protocols rely mainly on 3D geostatistical models based on well data, allowing the realization of 3D numerical grids of reservoir properties. These geostatistic property models are supported by deterministic geological interpretations such as stratigraphic well correlations that are commonly based on sequenced stratigraphic concepts and carbonate sedimentological interpretations. The stratigraphic framework obtained from these deterministic interpretations has a critical effect on further static and dynamic reservoir models because it constrains the spatial stationarity of the geostatistic property simulations or imposes discrete flow units or barriers. These deterministic carbonate sequence stratigraphic and associated sedimentological interpretations, however, introduce significant biases, uncertainties, and imprecisions in reservoir models and furthermore are not validated by process-based modeling approaches as one should expect from any scientific protocol. This lack of validation represents a fundamental scientific gap in classical reservoir-characterization work flows that is generally avoided in other scientific domains such as physics by iterations combining experimentation and process-based models to verify deterministic interpretations and hypothesis. The paradox is that this virtuous scientific method is applied at the ultimate stage of the reservoir flow modeling with the classical “flow history matching,” implying the following strong hypothesis (Fig. 1a): If the dynamic model obtained from the upscaled static model matches the dynamic history and the flow records of the studied field and carbonate reservoir, then the geological model, including the deterministic stratigraphic and sedimentary interpretations, is validated. Reservoir flow and dynamic behavior certainly are controlled by initial geological conditions, but those are not dependent on flow processes. According to fundamental scientific principles, geological interpretations and deterministic models must be validated by geological process-based models. To fill this scientific gap in the presented carbonate-reservoir characterization approach, the authors introduce process-based stratigraphical and sedimentological models that are calibrated on pertinent, well-studied outcrop analogs.
- Asia (0.55)
- Europe > France > Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur > Bouches-du-Rhône > Marseille (0.25)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.69)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Thamama Group > Shu'aiba Formation (0.94)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Thamama Group > Kharaib Formation (0.94)
Abstract ACRIPREVISUB is a novel project for forecasting wave–induced flood hazards, such as wave runup and overtopping, that occur along coastal areas. The main scope of our project is the real time evaluation of emergency situations and the issue of warnings to the relevant coastal or port authorities and stake holders. Within the context of this study, we numerically investigated the propagation of directionally—spread short and infragravity waves towards the shore to predict runup heights and overtopping motions on structures and beaches. This novel methodology was applied in the coastal zone of Alpes Maritimes in France and was tested against laboratory experimental data. INTRODUCTION Coastal environment is a significant geographical area, since it gathers a wide range of human social activities. This complex system of natural variables is especially fragile and exposed to multiple risks, including flooding, shoreline erosion and infrastructural damages due to extreme hydro–meteorological events: storm surges, heavy precipitation and tides (Plomaritis et al., 2018; Mori et al., 2019). Coastal flooding phenomena are among the most damaging natural disasters affecting urban zones adjacent to the shorelines. Extreme coastal water levels may lead to considerable impacts in densely populated low–lying coastal areas, while anthropogenic unplanned infrastructures and poor governance are additional factors that increase flood risk. Flood hazard is rarely a function of one process alone but comprises multiple drivers, including energetic waves, extreme coastal water levels, heavy precipitation, and high river discharge (Ganguli and Merz, 2019). Monitoring of two key mechanisms, wave overtopping and run–up, is necessary to estimate the results of coastal flooding, therefore significant efforts have been undertaken in recent years into their predicting (Tsoukala et al., 2016; Xie et al., 2019; Beer et al., 2021) The accurate prediction of wave runup (the maximum vertical extent of wave uprush on the beach), as well as its components, time–averaged setup and the time–varying swash, is an important element of coastal storm hazard assessments, as runup height controls the potential for flooding by wave overtopping. Moreover, the oscillatory component of runup (swash) transfers energy from the waves to the shore, playing a dominant role in nearshore sediment transport and morphology, as it can drive significant erosion during storms. In addition, in order to meet design requirements for the construction of seawalls and dikes the evaluation of wave overtopping phenomena is of high engineering interest.
- Energy > Renewable > Ocean Energy (0.68)
- Transportation (0.54)
ABSTRACT Tests are performed in the 17 m long wave tank of Ecole Centrale Marseille (ECM) in order to measure the loads induced by non-impacting waves on a vertical piercing cylinder. Different configurations of the cylinder (shape and size of the section and length) are studied for two focusing waves. Wave loads as calculated by Morison equation are compared to measurements. The context is the assessment of the hydrodynamic loads due to sloshing on the pump tower in LNG tanks on floating structures. The comparisons turn out to be good in all cases studied provided Morison equation is used with relevant time series of liquid velocities and accelerations. INTRODUCTION Context Liquefied natural gas (LNG) membrane tanks are largely used on different kinds of floating structures such as LNG carriers, floating liquefied natural gas vessels (FLNG), floating storage regasification units (FSRU), LNG fueled ships (LFS), LNG bunker vessels (LBV) and all small scale related applications. In these tanks, the liquefied gas remains in conditions close to thermodynamic equilibrium (-162°C @ atmospheric pressure). Depending on the application, the volume of LNG tanks for floating structures ranges from a few thousand cubic meters for LFS or small scale applications to about 55 000 m for tanks of the largest LNG carriers. Whatever the application, the shapes of these tanks are always prismatic with large upper chamfers and smaller lower chamfers. The tanks do not include any structure that could mitigate LNG sloshing except a pump tower. The pump tower (Fig. 1) is a tubular vertical stainless steel structure that enables loading and unloading LNG, thanks to pumps located at its base. It is mainly made of three large vertical pipes, the emergency pipe at the front and two discharge pipes at the rear, connected together by struts. Located at the rear of the tank, in the central part but not necessarily exactly in the middle, it hangs from the liquid dome and is horizontally guided at its base by the pump tower base support (PTBS).
- North America > United States (0.68)
- Asia (0.46)
- Europe > France > Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur > Bouches-du-Rhône > Marseille (0.25)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping > Tanker (0.74)
Abstract As part of the Monaco offshore extension project, is in charge of design & build a maritime infrastructure as the first step of the six-hectare expansion of the city into the sea. This maritime infrastructure consists of a fill enclosed by a band of 18 trapezoid reinforced concrete caissons and will serve as base for construction of the new eco-neighborhood in Monaco. The caisson precasting area is located in the port of Marseilles, using a dedicated floating dock. The paper focuses on some of the problems which had to be solved, among which : The optimization of promenade level, searching for : ○a compromise between architectural point of view and safety related to storm wave overtopping, taking into account sea level rise and correlations between extreme waves and water levels; ○minimal reflection coefficient for vertical concrete caissons, so as to minimize impact on existing Port Hercules wave disturbance. Caissons and rubble mound foundation stability related to waves and seism, including extra seismic forces due to buildings considering the high reclamation height (up to 40 m) and the immediate proximity of building foundations. The presence of a small craft harbor, whose location was fixed for urbanistic reasons, which requested optimizations in detail of anti-overtopping devices as much as possible integrated in the urban context, including a low crested "swimming pool caisson breakwater" Design and build of a dedicated floating yard Design has required a multidisciplinary approach (urbanists, landscapers, architects, marine infrastructure engineering, biologists), with unconventional infrastructure solutions due to the very specific context (direct exposure to offshore waves, proximity of sensitive port and natural areas, seismic hazard associated with buildings very close to 25 m high concrete caissons …).
- Transportation > Marine (0.87)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (0.68)
ABSTRACT Structural monitoring is increasingly becoming everyday business in the offshore industry. The monitoring may target the strain estimation or focus on tracking the changes in the dynamic properties of the structure in order to predict damages at remote / or possibly subsea locations. This paper will show that by monitoring the structural response, it is also possible to indirectly estimate the wave loading acting on the system. This information can be used to increase confidence in the load probability models for the structural design or aid the health monitoring procedure. During ambient vibration, the principles of operational modal analysis (OMA) are applied to harvest the dynamic properties of the structure. Successively, a dynamic model is formulated and used to calculate the loading from a random sea state using the response of the structure. A laboratory experiment is conducted in a wave flume at LASIF, Marseille, France, where a scaled offshore model is equipped with accelerometers to monitor the structural response during a random sea. The study shows that it is possible to use the structure as a dynamic load cell and monitor the loads occurring in actual conditions. Both the short time variations and the load spectra can be computed successfully using the structural response. INTRODUCTION In the field of offshore structures, an increase is seen in the subject of monitoring. Recently, TOTAL announced that as for the redevelopment of the Tyra field, the platform Tyra East will be equipped with no less than 100000 sensors (Beck, 2018). Most of these will, of course, target the production processes, but the monitoring scope will also include the structural performance. The aim of structural monitoring may be plentiful, for instance with regards to operational limitations such as heading, static deformation or vibration level. The vibration pattern can be used for health diagnostics, and since offshore structures are prone to fatigue damages, monitoring their well-being is essential for ensuring safety and reliability.
- Europe > France > Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur > Bouches-du-Rhône > Marseille (0.24)
- Europe > Denmark > North Sea > Danish Sector (0.24)
- Europe > Denmark > North Sea > Danish Sector > Central Graben > Block 5504/12 > Tyra Field (0.99)
- Europe > Denmark > North Sea > Danish Sector > Central Graben > Block 5504/11 > Tyra Field (0.99)
Abstract During the last decade, wave impact tests in flume tanks have become an important tool to scrutinize single wave impacts in order to better understand sloshing physics in LNG floating tanks and the scaling issues related to the use of sloshing model tests to derive design loads for the membrane containment systems. Wave impact tests enabled to gain much knowledge on the physics of liquid impacts including the influence of the compressibility of ullage gas and the interaction between waves and the protuberances on the wall like the corrugations of MarkIII containment system. This knowledge is obviously applicable for LNG sloshing with low or partial fillings leading to transverse breaking waves hitting the vertical longitudinal walls of LNG tanks. Is it applicable for liquid impacts occurring on the top corners of these tanks for high fill conditions? Those kinds of impacts related to the developments of free surface modes may have different patterns and characteristics that have not been so much studied at a large enough scale yet. This paper relates an attempt carried out in the wave canal of Ecole Centrale Marseille (ECM), in the frame of a long-term collaboration with GTT, to generate wave impacts on a horizontal plate that could be considered as a ceiling. The main challenge is to generate relevant wave shapes before impact with a sufficient vertical velocity. The different solutions in terms of wave-maker excitations are presented together with the corresponding wave characteristics. Wave impact tests with the most relevant selected waves have been performed either with a flat ceiling or with a corrugated ceiling obtained by the addition of three solid corrugations representing the geometry of the large corrugations of MarkIII membrane at scale ½. The corrugations were screwed to the ceiling plate in the transverse direction with regard to the canal. The instrumentation included numerous pressures sensors, located on the ceiling but also directly on the corrugations, and a visualization system with two high speed cameras. Characteristic pressure fields at the ceiling are shown with both configurations of ceiling. This work is part of a more general R&D program of GTT on experimental and numerical studies of liquid impacts in order to better understand the physics of sloshing impacts within LNG tanks on floating structures
- Research Report > New Finding (0.40)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.40)