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Artificial Intelligence Framework for Database Integration and Data Quality Evaluation for Asset Integrity
Alhammad, Bashaer (Saudi Aramco - Research and Development Centre) | Alyami, Mazyad (Saudi Aramco - Research and Development Centre) | Hoshan, Tarik (Saudi Aramco - Research and Development Centre) | Maya, Christian Canto (Saudi Aramco - Research and Development Centre) | Arfaj, Meshal (Saudi Aramco – Southern Area Oil Operations -technical Services) | Abbas, Faisal (Al Midra tower Saudi Aramco)
ABSTRACT Pipeline integrity assessments in upstream pipelines is a challenging activity that requires considerable amount of data and its proper interpretation. An important factor, usually ignored during the data collection process, is a data integration and data correlation analysis. This process becomes of high importance when trying to collect meaningful and representative pipeline information. The Success criteria of the integrity assessment highly depend on the quality of the data gathered, and the appropriate selection of significant variables in the corrosion mechanism. This approach aims to improve the decision-making framework on the internal corrosion of pipelines. This report encompasses a statistical analysis of oil pipelines metal loss due to localized corrosion. Different Machine Learning (ML) methods and statistical approaches, like Decision Tree, Logistic Regression and Random Forests were compared to identify the statistical significance of different predictor variables, such as, geochemical parameters, operation parameters, and mechanistic simulation outputs. The results showed that meaningful optimization of significant predictor variables enhance the ML model prediction accuracy. INTRODUCTION Energy producing companies use pipelines to transport energy from point A to point B. When the pipeline thickness at a location falls below a certain threshold, there is risk of leakage that could result in serious economic losses, personal injury, or damage to the environment. Pipeline integrity management is a performance-based process that handles pipeline serviceability and failure prevention. Pipeline integrity is a method of assessing and defining the likelihood of a pipeline incident and the potential consequences on safety, health, environmental and financial impacts of a specific incident. An adequate pipeline integrity management program will improve the pipeline serviceability over the time as it can advertise and prevent future failures. A pipeline integrity assessment can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of maintenance resource utilization to maintain the pipeline reliability. Pipeline operators, and oil producers around the globe try different approaches to develop their own integrity program. One way the pipeline operators have is the detailed analysis of the inline inspection to be converted into the maintenance programs. For oil producers, however, the story change as they operate more segments of short distances and sizes that, sometimes, are not design to accommodate an ILI tool. The pipeline design becomes one big reason of the need of integrity models to assess the condition of the operating pipelines. An indirect method to determine the integrity of the pipeline is then required to assess the condition and serviceability of the pipeline.
- Research Report > New Finding (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (1.00)
- Well Completion > Well Integrity > Subsurface corrosion (tubing, casing, completion equipment, conductor) (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology > Corrosion inhibition and management (including H2S and CO2) (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Materials and corrosion (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- Information Technology > Data Science > Data Quality (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Decision Tree Learning (0.58)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Statistical Learning > Regression (0.49)
Detection of Leakage and Illicit Tapping by Means of Vibroacoustic Technology in a Challenging Regional Scenario
Marino, M. (Enivibes, Milan, Lombardy, Italy) | Gomes, A. P. (Enivibes, Milan, Lombardy, Italy) | Reynaud, J. (SLB, Houston, Texas, United Stated of America) | Ekpikie, O. (SLB, Houston, Texas, United Stated of America) | Giunta, G. (Eni, San Donato Milanese, Lombardy, Italy)
Abstract The objective of this paper is to present a vibroacoustic technology capable of detecting pipeline leak events caused by the attempted theft of pipeline products through unauthorized tapping of a buried pipeline section located in a challenging remote rural area in Nigeria. Spillages are extremely harmful as they often cause irreparable damage to the environment, create hazards for populated areas, and result in operational impacts for the Operator such as costly repairs, operational downtime, and remediation expenditures. Vibroacoustic technology enables the detection excavation activities on the pipeline and illicit tapping and subsequent bunkering. Timely notification of such events would enable the avoidance of a potential spill event or product theft. Pressure sensors and accelerometers installed along the pipeline record the vibroacoustic waves generated by pipeline events and within the fluid media and transmit the collected data to dedicated processing servers, in which noise removal, detection, and localization algorithms are run to generate alert data. The processing servers are placed in the pipeline operator’s facilities. The technology presented in this work is operational on several pipelines in Nigeria, and it protects thousands of pipeline kilometers around the globe. The system has also demonstrated rapid detection and localization of spillage and impact events. This paper presents the outstanding performance achieved by the technology, with real-time detection and localization of the unauthorized tapping of trunklines transporting crude oil in Nigerian swamps. The application discussed below required several modifications to an existing installation, such as sensor upgrades for underwater and buried installations to overcome issues regarding geography, environment, and security. The installation of and modifications to the system were successful, with several unauthorized tapping events detected since the upgrade, exceeding the performance expectations for the upgraded system. The timely and precise detection of events supported the pipeline operator in assessing the magnitude of the unauthorized tapping phenomenon and helped to better manage the response to threats, as shown in the cases displayed in this work. A complete presentation of the challenges and the activities put in place to overcome them is part of the present work. It demonstrates how an integrated approach to a particularly challenging regional scenario helped the operator reach important milestones by leveraging a high level of organization between multiple parties. The novelty of the vibroacoustic technology installation in Nigeria is the upgrade of the regular sensors: the new shallow water sensors are submersible up to 10m for swampy areas. The full flexibility in deployment options is an achievement that allows the system to be installed on a wide range of challenging environmental scenarios that require the sensors to be buried, concealed or operating in wet environments.
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Measurement and Control > Pipeline leak detection (0.67)
- Information Technology > Sensing and Signal Processing (0.87)
- Information Technology > Communications > Networks > Sensor Networks (0.68)
Abstract Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) began in the 1980s and has been used by the U.S. government for years, but it just recently became available for commercial use. This technology has a vast range of potential applications, with oil and gas pipeline monitoring being one of the most prominent examples. HSI enables unparalleled daily global pipeline leak and change detection capabilities. This technology, deployed by satellite, is now beginning to replace conventional aerial monitoring compliance while also enabling enhanced emissions detection. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art for HSI, with examples of pipeline leaks and encroachment observed using hyperspectral data and analysis. Successful HSI deployment will drive a decrease in the number and magnitude of pipeline leaks using frequent, global, high-resolution data collection, rapid and reliable analysis, and reporting of actionable information. This paper focuses on Oil & Gas, but the application spans industries. Across the board, HSI commonly enables use cases throughout the resource lifecycle. For decades, satellite-based HSI technology has offered the promise of remote detection of hydrocarbons and other disturbances. It is finally becoming scalable and cost-effective for the pipeline operators and thus a reality for cost-effective asset stewardship.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- North America > United States > California (0.28)
- Research Report (0.34)
- Overview (0.34)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.67)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (22 more...)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Measurement and Control > Pipeline leak detection (0.94)
- (2 more...)
- Information Technology > Communications > Networks (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence (0.93)
High-Precision Single-Leak Detection and Localization in Single-Phase Liquid Pipelines Using the Negative Pressure Wave Technique: An Application in a Real-Field Case Study
Fathi, E. (West Virginia University (Corresponding author)) | Adenan, M. F. (West Virginia University) | Moryan, N. (West Virginia University) | Belyadi, F. (Obsertelligence llc) | Belyadi, H. (Obsertelligence llc)
Obsertelligence llc Summary This paper presents a novel workflow for high-precision leak detection in pipeline networks using the negative pressure wave (NPW) technique. The proposed workflow addresses challenges associated with noisy and convoluted pressure transducer data, rapid pressure decay, and the need for robustness in leak event detection. To overcome these challenges, the workflow incorporates data preprocessing techniques for cleansing, normalization, and denoising, as well as dynamic pressure control limit lines to differentiate between pump and leak events. Multiple transducer analysis techniques are used to minimize false positives. Synthetic leak scenarios are generated using the Water Network Tool for Resilience (WNTR) package, enabling a comprehensive assessment of the workflow's performance. The generated scenarios are validated through pressure history matching against field inline pressure recordings. A dashboard is developed for real-time visualization and verification of leak events. The effectiveness of the workflow is demonstrated through testing on a real network, resulting in the successful detection and precise localization of a confirmed leak event. The workflow proves its capability to achieve high accuracy, with a 100-m resolution in a complex network configuration with 29 pipe sections and 1-Hz pressure signal recordings. For synthetic leak events, a 10-Hz pressure signal is utilized, achieving a remarkable 10-m accuracy. Moreover, the integration of the workflow with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems is showcased, highlighting its potential for near real-time leak detection in practical applications. Overall, this paper presents a comprehensive and effective workflow for high-precision leak detection and localization in pipeline networks, offering valuable insights into improving the efficiency and reliability of leak detection systems. Introduction Pipelines play a vital role in transporting petrochemical products and water across extensive networks in regions with complex topography. However, these pipelines are prone to defects, damage, and potential rupture caused by factors such as wear and tear, corrosion, pressure and temperature changes, and environmental disasters (Silva et al. 1996). Furthermore, most major pipelines are over 30 years old, increasing their vulnerability to failure (Tian et al. 2012). Hence, there is an urgent need for precise and robust techniques to assess pipeline integrity, detect, and localize leaks. The detection and localization of leaks are crucial for safe and efficient pipeline operation, as leaks can result in significant financial losses, environmental contamination, and risks to human health and safety.
- North America > United States (0.93)
- Europe (0.93)
- North America > Canada (0.68)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.68)
- Overview (0.67)
- Information Technology > Sensing and Signal Processing (1.00)
- Information Technology > Data Science (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning (1.00)
- Information Technology > Communications > Networks > Sensor Networks (0.87)
Abstract It is globally recognized that a transition in energy generation, transportation and utilization is required to meet climate change goals. There are a considerable number of rival technologies that are contesting for inclusion in this energy transition, but this paper focusses on the opportunities that hydrogen presents. Hydrogen offers an opportunity that can benefit from the significant infrastructure that is already in place as part of the fossil fuel industry, but there are risks. Hydrogen embrittlement poses a significant risk to high-pressure steel transmission pipelines, putting them in danger of cracking, blistering and weakness. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when the hydrogen diffuses with the pipeline material resulting in the deterioration of the steel pipe, valves, and fittings. With existing pipeline infrastructure, the costs of incorporating specialty steels to counteract these risks may not be economically viable and as such diluting the hydrogen concentration within a natural gas compound is one of the few viable methods for managing the risks. This paper provides two case studies to discuss the challenges and benefits of a real-time system for the simulation of hydrogen pipelines. Using a currently operational pure hydrogen pipeline the accuracies of different equations of state will be investigated. These equations will then be compared against different hydrogen blends and hydrogen synthetic fuels to determine their suitability. The benefits of the real-time system will then be examined including the benefits of gas quality mixing, the challenges of hydrogen to operational planning and how to use pipeline models to manage demands. A brief discussion on DOT requirements for the transportation of hydrogen will also be provided.
Abstract Real-time leak detection on short liquid pipelines is challenging due to system fluctuations of a few seconds or less. This presentation reviews a leak detection system for short liquid lines involving rapid pressure and flow sensors at pipeline ends, coupled with a fast simulator based on water hammer principles, implemented computationally by the Method of Characteristics (MOC). The effect of data fidelity and sampling rates on leak identification – magnitude and location – is studied to specify appropriate instrumentation. Leak detection performance is evaluated by means of in-house laboratory experiments, scaled to represent commercial liquid ammonia pipelines.
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Measurement and Control > Pipeline leak detection (0.68)
- Information Technology > Sensing and Signal Processing (0.94)
- Information Technology > Architecture > Real Time Systems (0.68)
Automation Via Robotic Process Automation in Pipeline Integrity Management Towards ALARP Risk Level
Shaikh Othman, Shaikh Abdullah (PETROLIAM Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)) | Mohd Ali Napiah, Mohd Nazmi (PETROLIAM Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)) | Zakaria, Nor Salwanie (PETROLIAM Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)) | A Karim, Khairol Hazman (PETROLIAM Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)) | Koi, Swee Ling (PETROLIAM Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)) | Abul Kalam Azad, Mohd Fithri Azad (PETROLIAM Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)) | Supian, Aishah Mastura (PETROLIAM Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS))
Abstract PETRONAS is operating total of more than 1,200 km in total length of pipeline onshore/offshore transporting processed and semi-process hydrocarbon with total no of >500 nos of pipelines within Peninsular of Malaysia as well as Sabah and Sarawak in Borneo. PETRONAS Group Technical Solutions (GTS) as a Centre of Excellence (COE) is providing services in design engineering as well as integrity solutions to pipeline operators operating assets wholly owned by and partly owned by PETRONAS operating within Malaysia as well as overseas. Records shows that aging facilities in the upwards trending approaching or beyond design life. Thus, for the past 10 years, PETRONAS has adopted ISO/TS 12747 – Recommended practice for pipeline life extension in ascertain current and future integrity of aging pipeline and determine risk-based inspection plan. Other than managing aging facilities, GTS also providing solutions in managing pipeline integrity for all major pipeline threat which requires proactive approach to reduce the risk at ALARP Level. One of the pipeline threats is geohazard due to soil movement along the pipeline right of way. EML Survey was conducted but requires further assessment by pipeline engineers to determine the severity to the pipeline due this soil movement. Each integrity assessment maybe painstaking and repetitive with duration of 1 months to 6 months based on the severity and complexity of inspection records. Taking advantage of PETRONAS inhouse digital platform data icloudbased and to align with Industrial Revolution 4.0, PETRONAS has embarked Robotic Process Automation to leverage on the digital data and to improve on the productivity. PETRONAS Group Digital, were consulted to assist on the development of RPA using commercialised software available in the market. This paper describes the process of RPA PipeRBot - Pipeline Integrity Assessments Virtual Robots to assist our Engineers to perform Integrity Assessments and increase process cycle efficiency. This PiperBothas completed proof of concept and ready to for deployment. With this Automation, we have achieved more than 50% of process efficiency and increase in productivity and more cost saving to end users which is pipeline operators, operating assets wholly owned by and partly owned by PETRONAS operating within Malaysia as well as overseas in PETRONAS Canada.
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > Malaysia Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Materials and corrosion (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Measurement and Control > Pipeline leak detection (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)
Abstract The paper addresses the integrity monitoring of critical infrastructures as fluid filled transportation pipelines by developing a pilot full scale application of Advanced Leak Detection (ALD) monitoring system. The objective of the ALD system is to improve performances with respect to single separate LD system, in different scenarios in terms of sensitivity, localization accuracy, and robustness. Three Leak Detection methods have been evaluated which rely on different physical principles, though independent, and could interact with one another through cross-links data at core level. The Advanced Leak Detection system has been developed over an already existing technological platform based on vibroacoustic sensing, which includes flowmeters, pressure sensors, and accelerometers using acquisition units distributed along the pipeline routing, and processing computers with software suite. Leak Detection sub-systems are based on i) Advanced Negative Pressure Wave for detection and localization of fluid transients; ii) RTTM-Compensated Mass Balance for detection of imbalance in the fluid mass transportation; iii) Acoustic Noise for detection and localization of existing or slow-opening leaks. The integration of different Leak Detection sub-systems can take place at various levels: cross-check of measurements, cross-link of computed fluid-dynamic quantities, merge of alarms associated to the same physical event. The Advanced Leak Detection pilot system has been deployed and validated on liquid fuel transportation pipeline 40 km long, managed by Eni SpA in North Italy. Several controlled spill-tests (i.e., with distinct size, area, shape), including spillages simulating both short-duration and slow-opening cracks, have been performed in both pumping and shut-in operational conditions to calibrate the ALD system and to assess the performances. The amount of spilled product has been measured for each test by means of a calibrated weight scale. The ALD system proved to be able to detect and localize both quick and slow-opening leaks with a good sensitivity, specificity, and precision. In addition, Leak Detection alarms contain estimates of outflow rate and hole size: accuracy and alarm response time are assessed in the paper. In conclusion, the ALD system has been validated on fuel transportation pipeline by Eni as compliant with the technical requirements and is currently deployed in operations. The novelty of the pilot ALD system lies in the integration of Leak Detection methods at the core level, that allow to exchange information, calibration and synergically contribute to provide robust, sensitive, accurate and informative Leak Detection alarms.
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring (0.90)
- (2 more...)
- Information Technology > Sensing and Signal Processing (1.00)
- Information Technology > Communications > Networks > Sensor Networks (0.86)
Abstract When a leak happens on a pipeline, it is critical for pipeline operators to report an estimate of the volume of product released. This will be communicated to the required authorities under regulatory reporting requirements. An estimation of the total volume of released product in most incidents is challenging. This is attributable to factors that include: variation of the leak rate with respect to pipeline operating pressure; the hole/crack size and shape; the pipeline operating mode (running versus shut-in) during the leak; leak detection threshold of the existing leak detection system (if available); uncertainty in the measurement devices (flow meters, pressure transmitters, temperature transmitters, etc.); starting time (onset) of the leak as well as other factors. To complicate any leak volume analysis, there is a lack of documented procedures to determine the leak rate and the total released volume. The purpose of this paper is to present methods that could be used to calculate the leak rate through the pipe hole/crack. Then, during the period that the pipeline was leaking, methods (both operating as well as shut-in) are presented to estimate the total released volume. Two approaches namely “Equivalent Diameter” and “Hydraulic Diameter” are presented in this paper. Methods are presented for calculating the leak rate through irregular shapes from a simple hole to complicated cracks that will vary the leak rate as the crack can expand wider when subjected to pressure. Simulation results for accumulated released volume will also be provided in this paper. Results verified from an actual incident show that both Equivalent Diameter and Hydraulic Diameter approaches provide accurate estimations of the total released volume. The variation of the pipe crack opening area with respect to the pipe operating pressure will also be discussed in this paper. Introduction and Background There are many factors that can contribute to a pipeline leak. Examples of contributing factors for causing a leak are fatigue cracks, stress corrosion, hydrogen indexing, material manufacturing operator errors, errors in quality control of construction, age of the pipeline, operating pressure, elevation profile, external damage among others Although pipeline companies strive to prevent pipeline leaks through their integrity management (IM) program, incidents happen on pipelines that result in product released into the environment. Many pipeline operating companies include methods such as leak detection programs to reduce the consequences of a leak on a pipeline by speeding up the discovery of leaks.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.15)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Measurement and Control > Pipeline leak detection (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (0.68)
Abstract In oil industry, there are several technologies used in detecting subsea pipeline leaks. These technologies are not costly only, but require extensive implementation fieldwide across hundreds of kilometers pipelines. Currently, there are few digital solutions or systems in the literature addressing the detection mechanism. In this study, an automated mechanism will be introduced to locate leaks in subsea pipeline network coupled with real-time monitoring. Real-time downhole pressure data from wells' permanent downhole monitoring systems (PDHMSs) are used to map the pressure drop across each reservoir in water injection subsea pipeline network. The data are collected from the gauges and are fed into the model with the incorporation of reservoir properties data. Monitoring of the possibility of leakages can be done by measuring the pressure of wells. A positive pressure differential in wells represent a maintained injection pressure across the reservoir. Wells with a negative pressure differential show low injectivity which might indicate a potential leak in the subsea water injection pipeline network. A dye injection technology can be used to detect leakages and confirm the model result. Pressure data from real-time PDHMS gauges are first validated with reservoir simulation models to ensure accuracy of the input parameters. The pressure data validation is achieved by verifying each reservoir data using its properties for reliable reservoir pressure identification. Then, the GAP network model can be used to validate the pressure drops. The model results can enable engineers' decision-making process easier to spot leak locations where pressure decreases drastically across the subsea water pipeline. The proposed model also shows a close match with the simulated values from GAP network model within an accuracy of 2%. Additionally, a dye liquid is injected into the sea near to the suspected pipelines with leaks. The dye introduces a new color and thus can confirm the leak locations based on calculated values from the automated model. Pipeline leakages have been a problem for many oil fields with water injection mechanism. Pipeline leak detection is an integral part of pipeline risk management. The model can assist the engineers to locate the leaks proactively and prevent incidents from occurring time to time. The leaked water could damage environment and cause injection rate loss.
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Disposal/Injection (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Waterflooding (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Offshore pipelines (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Measurement and Control > Pipeline leak detection (1.00)
- Information Technology > Communications > Networks (1.00)
- Information Technology > Architecture > Real Time Systems (1.00)