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Petroleum Engineering, University of Houston, 2. Metarock Laboratories, 3. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston) 16:00-16:30 Break and Walk to Bizzell Museum 16:30-17:30 Tour: History of Science Collections, Bizzell Memorial Library, The University of Oklahoma 17:30-19:00 Networking Reception: Thurman J. White Forum Building
- Research Report > New Finding (0.93)
- Overview (0.68)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral (0.72)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.68)
- (2 more...)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling (0.93)
ABSTRACT Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a technology that enables continuous, real-time measurements along the entire length of a fiber-optic cable. The low-frequency band of DAS can be used to analyze hydraulic fracture geometry and growth. In this study, the low-frequency strain waterfall plots with their corresponding pumping curves were analyzed to obtain information on fracture azimuth, propagation speed, number of fractures created in each stage, and restimulation of preexisting fractures. We also use a simple geomechanical model to predict fracture growth rates while accounting for changes in treatment parameters. As expected, the hydraulic fractures principally propagate perpendicular to the treated well, that is, parallel to the direction of maximum horizontal stress. During many stages, multiple frac hits are visible, indicating that multiple parallel fractures are created and/or reopened. Secondary fractures deviate toward the heel of the well, likely due to the cumulative stress shadow caused by previous and current stages. The presence of heart-shaped tips reveals that some stress and/or material barrier is overcome by the hydraulic fracture. The lobes of the heart are best explained by the shear stresses at 45° angles from the fracture tip instead of the tensile stresses directly ahead of the tip. Antennas ahead of the fracture hits indicate the reopening of preexisting fractures. Tails in the waterfall plots provide information on the continued opening, closing, and interaction of the hydraulic fractures within the fracture domain and stage domain corridors. The analysis of the low-frequency DAS plots thus provides in-depth insights into the rock deformation and rock-fluid interaction processes occurring close to the observation well.
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation Field > Montney Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Greater Peace River High Basin > Pouce Coupe Field (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)
All material in this report, with accompanying figures, is property of SEG Advanced Modeling Corporation (SEAM). License to use the data and models can be obtained through SEAM. This document contains contributions from many different individuals and has been reviewed for accuracy. Reported errors will be fixed on a timely basis. The SEAM Carbonate model is the petroleum industry's first field-scale, digital model of a carbonate reservoir to be openly available.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Well Drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- (6 more...)
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a technology that enables continuous, real-time measurements along the entire length of a fiber optic cable. The low-frequency band of DAS can be used to analyze hydraulic fracture geometry and growth. In this study, the low-frequency strain waterfall plots with their corresponding pumping curves were analyzed to obtain information on fracture azimuth, propagation speed, number of fractures created in each stage, and re-stimulation of pre-existing fractures. We also use a simple geomechanical model to predict fracture growth rates while accounting for changes in treatment parameters. As expected, the hydraulic fractures principally propagate perpendicular to the treated well, that is, parallel to the direction of maximum horizontal stress. During many stages, multiple frac hits are visible indicating that multiple parallel fractures are created and/or re-opened. Secondary fractures deviate towards the heel of the well, likely due to the cumulative stress shadow caused by previous and current stages. The presence of heart-shaped tips reveals that some stress and/or material barrier is overcome by the hydraulic fracture. The lobes of the heart are best explained by the shear stresses at 45-degree angles from the fracture tip instead of the tensile stresses directly ahead of the tip. Antennas ahead of the fracture hits indicate the re-opening of pre-existing fractures. Tails in the waterfall plots provide information on the continued opening, closing, and interaction of the hydraulic fractures within the fracture domain and stage domain corridors. Analysis of the low-frequency DAS plots thus provides in-depth insights into the rock deformation and rock-fluid interaction processes occurring close to the observation well.
- North America > Canada > Alberta (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.67)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation Field > Montney Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Greater Peace River High Basin > Pouce Coupe Field (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)
Engineered Ultra-Low Invasion Loss Control Solution Allows Circulation, Ensuring Cement Placement and Zonal Isolation in Liner Cementing Jobs and Through Coiled Tubing – Case Studies
Fazal, Muhammad Adnan (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Ahmad, Syed Hamza (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Yousuf, Arif (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Rehman, Aziz ur (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Noor, Sameer Mustafa (Oil & Gas Development Company Limited) | Nazir, Irfan (Oil & Gas Development Company Limited)
Abstract The conventional loss cure techniques are largely reactive and include addition of coarse grade particle, fibrous material and other viscous pills that are lost into formation during loss cure attempts. Being highly invasive, these loss cure solutions block pore throats and line producing fractures causing considerable formation damage and loss of net asset value. Moreover, these techniques pose additional challenges while placing thru slim liners and coiled tubing (in rigless applications) due to elevated risk of getting the circulation ports plugged. Moreover, during the era of technological revolution and decarbonization, an effective and efficient solution aids to promote the practices producing low carbon emission. The proactive wellbore shielding loss cure is a particle size distribution-based LCM solution having excellent fluid loss properties and exhibiting low permeability barrier at the fluid-rock interface. The low permeable shielding effect offers less invasion across a broad range of pores (1microns to 4,000microns) and thereby protecting formation from any permanent impairment. The solution covers the wide range applications of loss cure throughout well life ensuring zonal isolation and saving significant rig time. Customized particle size distribution does allow LCM solution to be pumpable thru liner complying the allowable particle sizes (less than 1,000microns) and concentrations (upto 18 lbs/bbl) and for coiled tubing specialized applications with allowable particles size of 100 microns while maintaining rheological properties (Fluid Loss<50 ml/30 min, 5lbs/100ft2>Ty<10lbs/100ft2 & PV<90 cp). This paper demonstrates the working principle and practical applications of engineered solution for loss cure and successfully achieving zonal isolation in 7" liner being placed as pre-cement spacer in naturally fractured formation. The wellbore shielding pre-cement spacer ensured the cement rise above loss point thus achieving zonal isolation in partial to complete losses environment and helps in minimizing formation's impairment. The same approach was adopted to cure losses in rigless with coiled tubing in both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs for well killing and zonal isolation without plugging the CT BHA and circulation ports while complying design requirements.
- South America (0.68)
- Asia > Middle East (0.28)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- (8 more...)
Abstract In the current scenario of project management, where the agility and optimization of operations have been prioritized, the practice of logging while drilling (LWD) has gained space compared to traditional wireline logging. In theory, acquiring quality petrophysical properties during drilling brings greater agility in decision making about completion and optimizes operation costs. However, regarding borehole image logs, due to limitations in transmission capacity, the actual available data in real time contain about 50% (for resistivity images) of the full azimuth information, being insufficient for the identification of critical geological structures capable of impacting the communication between production or injection zones or the quality of cementation, such as fractures, caves, and geomechanical collapse zones. The tool’s memory data with the full information may take a few days after the end of drilling to be delivered by the service company, which in some cases is not enough for fast decision making regarding completion. In this work, we tested models based on generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) to reconstruct the complete memory data based on real-time input. As in conventional GAN schemes, a generator is trained to receive a real-time input and create a “memory-like” image, while a discriminator is trained to tell real and fake images apart. To regularize the convergence of training, we used an architecture known in the literature as CycleGAN, where another generator-discriminator pair is trained simultaneously to do the reverse process, recreating the real-time data. Variations of the training process and data sets were used to generate different CycleGAN models. They were trained using logs of presalt reservoirs in Buzios Field, and performance was assessed on logging intervals not seen by the algorithms during training. The results achieved so far have been very promising, as in certain intervals, resultant models were able to capture the presence of fractures and caves. This methodology represents a way of circumventing telemetry limitations, where missing information is added indirectly to the real-time data as the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm learns the main characteristics of a field/reservoir. Therefore, previous knowledge from the field can be used to continuously optimize future operations, efficiently incorporating the available database into the workflow of petrophysicists for the recognition of geological and geomechanical structures in time to support decision making in completion operations.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean (0.24)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.93)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.69)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Salt Tectonics (0.35)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (0.35)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation > Logging while drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Abstract Apart from its main task of creating the wellbore, the drill bit can act as a valuable field laboratory with no changes in design or data gathering procedures required. As well operations continue, more data is created that improves reservoir understanding. With the addition of further diagnostic tools during both the drilling and completion phases of the well, actionable information becomes available to clarify how and why reservoir performance changes from well to well. Over the past three years, drilling data from hundreds of wells, both vertical and horizontal, have been used to identify changes in rock, pressure, and stresses along the wellbores, in addition to reservoir level features such as fractures and faults. As this workflow has developed, it has been combined with other available data to yield a more thorough description of the bottomhole conditions that are often unclear from analysis of a single dataset. The most common datasets employed include completion diagnostics, mud log and cuttings analysis, fracturing and production results, and geosteering interpretations. Case histories will demonstrate multiple ways that drilling data can be used in conjunction with complementary datasets to confirm reservoir analysis, explain production results, and improve completion strategy. Specifically, geomechanical and pressure models are verified and expanded to wellbore sections without separate data. When this expansion is combined with diagnostics related to completion and production, these interpretations are enhanced and provide support for changes to completion strategy that will ultimately lead to improved production. In each of these case histories, sufficient understanding of the reservoir required the cooperation of multiple engineers, geologists, and specialists incorporating all available data in an in-depth evaluation with the goal of integrating everything into a unified reservoir description. Non-productive time, side-tracked wells, and over-capitalized completions represent enormous drains on operator budgets. Wherever a well has been drilled, data exists to combat these issues, and every new well adds to this dataset representing an opportunity to continually improve the understanding of the reservoir. In addition to preventing wellbore problems, this understanding can help operators optimize well locations, improve stimulation effectiveness, and finally enhance well productivity.
- South America (0.28)
- North America > United States (0.28)
- Asia > Middle East (0.28)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Measurement, Data Acquisition and Automation (1.00)
- Well Completion > Completion Installation and Operations > Perforating (1.00)
- (4 more...)
Analysis of Casing Deformation in Different Unconventional Areas with a Comprehensive Approach in the Study
Espindola, Brian (YPF.S.A.) | Romero, Antonio N. (YPF.S.A.) | Rodríguez, Maria J. (YPF.S.A.) | Luna, Romina D. Sosa (YPF.S.A.) | Weimann, Mauro I. (YPF.S.A.) | Velo, Rosario D. (YPF.S.A.) | Escobar, Rodrigo A. (YPF.S.A.) | Suarez, Fernando (YPF.S.A.) | Pucho, Miguel S. (YPF.S.A.) | Gonzalez, Nicolas (YPF.S.A.) | Ferrara, Andrea V. (YPF.S.A.) | Roth, Rocío L. (YPF.S.A.)
Abstract In Neuquén, Argentina; the Vaca Muerta formation is the main target for unconventional resources and casing deformation is a recurrent problem observed among most of the main operators in this basin. In our case the first deformations were observed at the beginning of 2011 and as the development of the unconventional fields advanced, they continued to appear and increased in frequency when the horizontal well manufacturing process began. The knowledge of the subsurface mechanisms that cause these deformations motivated numerous internal and external studies that focused on geology, geomechanics, seismic, and reservoir engineering, and led to the application of mitigation measures and risk analysis matrices. One of the ways to validate casing collapse is through the MIT (Multifinger Image Tool) registry which measures the internal diameter with multiple flanges. Based on the opposite measurement, it calculates the minimum passage in a restriction event, data that is used to make immediate decisions and thus be able to continue with the completion operations. With the exhaustive analysis of this profile and incorporating the geological domain, geosteering, mechanical contrast analysis and the type of stimulation design executed, the casing deformation mechanism can be identified, and, in this study, we will be showing different examples of deformed wells, understanding the mechanism and the proposed mitigation with positive results in the operation. The objective of this work, beside proposing good practices for obtaining the record (recording mode, configuration of tools and resolution) to follow the workflow of restriction analysis, also intends to show the preliminary conclusions reached regarding the mechanisms involved in generating deformations studied in YPF blocks where the MIT tool, well imaging and additional well information were readily available. The pre-classification of the deformations into two categories used to facilitate the study and the understanding of the mechanisms involved in their formation as it is understood today. The use of the MIT tool is very valuable, but it is necessary to have another complementary tool with low availability such as the tractor to run it on the horizontal section. In addition, this protocol gives us information about the condition of the pipe at the time the tool is used, not during the stages along the well-bore. Reason why we have added to the analysis the CCL (Casing Collar Locator) measurements took during each of the fracturing stages of the Plug & Perf operations and obtained a good correlation with what was measured in the MIT with no additional costs.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology (0.93)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquén > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.99)
- Asia > China > Sichuan > Sichuan Basin (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquén > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Field > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.98)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Completion Installation and Operations (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs (1.00)
- (3 more...)
First Application of LWD High-Resolution Ultrasonic Imaging in an Unconventional Horizontal Well in the Najmah Formation: Case Study from Kuwait
Al-Naqeeb, Mohamed Nizar (Kuwait Oil Company) | Ghneej, Ali Faleh Abu (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Khabbaz, Mohammed (Kuwait Oil Company) | Abdulkarim, Anar (Halliburton)
Abstract The unconventional Jurassic Najmah carbonate-shale formation in northern Kuwait has been tested and found to be a prolific source rock as well as a producer of gas, condensate, and light oil in different wells. The flow-controlling system, given the very low porosity, is highly dependent on the presence of a natural fracture network. The Najmah kerogen member, formally known as the Najmah shale, is the source reservoir composed of highly organic-rich argillaceous and calcareous clay, represented by very high total gamma ray values associated with high uranium on spectral gamma ray logs. Average matrix porosity ranges from 2 to 6%, low permeability from 0.01 to 1.5 mD, and total organic content (TOC) from 7 to 12%. Identification and interpretation of fractures, bed boundaries, and borehole breakout from high-resolution images plays a crucial role in optimizing completion design. Using wireline has been a challenge in horizontal wells, making logging-while-drilling (LWD) acquisition preferable. The case study is from a horizontal exploration well drilled with a rotary steerable system combined with gamma ray and resistivity sensors in the Najmah formation of north Kuwait, where a multi-stage fracking completion was planned. The logging program also included density, neutron porosity, sonic, and high-resolution ultrasonic borehole imaging measurements. To minimize the risk of stuck events, it was decided to use LWD acquisition. Wells in the area are typically drilled in the minimum stress direction (SHmin) to cross natural fractures perpendicularly, to optimize fracking. However, surprisingly, most of the natural fractures were almost parallel to SHmin. Overall, high data quality was achieved, and the results exceeded the end data users’ expectations. In total 96 natural fractures, 16 bed boundaries, and a few breakout intervals were interpreted within a measured-depth interval of 1,610 feet. Some of the fractures could be identified with high confidence on a 1:200 scale log. The new information about fracture orientation will be considered for future well design planning. The results were also used to facilitate the optimization of future field development and completion design. Further field analysis and studies are planned to be performed to confirm the interpreted results.
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE > Abu Dhabi Emirate > Abu Dhabi (0.15)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.74)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Borehole Seismic Surveying (0.35)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Abdalli Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Ahmadi Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Tayarat Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Ahmadi Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Greater Burgan Field > Wara Formation (0.99)
- (8 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Naturally-fractured reservoirs (1.00)
- (2 more...)
First Unconventional Najmah Horizontal Well in Green Jurassic Gas Field Unlocked the Reservoir Potential and Setup Development Strategy Roadmap
Abdel-Basset, M. (SLB, Kuwait) | Al-Otaibi, Y. (Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait) | Al-Ajmi, S. (Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait) | Al-Mulla, S. (Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait) | Bloushi, T. (Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait) | Al-Mutawa, M. (Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait) | Al-Ajmi, M. (Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait) | Hadi, A. (Packers Plus Energy Services, Kuwait)
Abstract The journey of appraising unconventional reservoirs of North Kuwait Jurassic Gas (NKJG) fields achieved a significant milestone through the successful test in the first horizontal well completed in Najma Limestone (NJ-LS) reservoir in Bahra field. This accomplishment becomes even more remarkable given that none of the previous vertical wells’ tests were successful. This paper will demonstrate the challenges faced in the well placement, completion and stimulation, as well as the implementation of new technologies to achieve Kuwait’s highest ever initial gas production rate. This outstanding success in appraisal well has unlocked the potential of the NJ-LS reservoir and prompted a step-change in its development strategy. NJ-LS is a tight gas-condensate reservoir with typical porosity ranging from 2 to 9% and very low matrix permeability (~0.01mD) with primary production through natural fractures. To increase the chances of success in encountering fracture corridors, long drain-hole horizontal wells were deemed necessary. To overcome well planning and placement challenges, detailed seismic attribute mapping and integration of available core and log data were undertaken to place the well in the best sweet spot. Extensive screening of seismic data helped avoid possible seismically mappable hazards and optimize the trajectory to encounter areas with high fracture corridor. The well was drilled as 6in lateral length of approximately 2900ft and successfully landed as planned. State-of-the-art drilling and real-time geosteering technologies aided in precisely placing the wellbore in the target zone of NJ-LS. The integrated completion design included eight stages of Multi-Stage Completion, as first-time achievement in NKJG fields. The targeting of shorter stages aimed to accommodate better the reservoir heterogeneity (matrix, fractures, losses, etc) to improve acid stimulation efficiency. Many operational challenges were faced and overcame by multidisciplinary team during the multi-stage stimulation and flow back (e.g high surface pressure ~12,000 psia and presence of H2S). All eight stages were individually stimulated with high-rate matrix acidizing. Commingle activation, flow back and testing activities were executed in continuous back-to-back operations to fast track well delivery to production. Double degradable balls were used for the first time to open the corresponding FracPORT seat and isolate lower open stages. Two green burners used for the first time in Kuwait, accommodated the high returns during flow back and initial testing. Continued advancements throughout the full well cycle, from well placement to stimulation, culminated in achieving Kuwait’s highest ever gas production rate on the initial test, with low Water-cut at different choke sizes and high Wellhead pressure (+/- 6500 psia) Such outstanding results have encouraged the NKJG asset to fast track the extension of this success to other sweet spots as step-change in unconventional reservoirs, supporting the roadmap towards achieving and sustaining the asset’s production target.
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > North Kuwait Jurassic (NKJ) Fields > Marrat Formation > Upper Marrat Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > North Kuwait Jurassic (NKJ) Fields > Marrat Formation > Sargelu Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Bahrah Field > Marrat Formation (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Well Completion > Completion Installation and Operations (1.00)
- (5 more...)