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Collaborating Authors
Results
Monitoring stored CO2 in carbon capture and storage projects is crucial for ensuring safety and effectiveness. We introduce DeepNRMS, a novel noise-robust method that effectively handles time-lapse noise in seismic images. The DeepNRMS leverages unsupervised deep learning to acquire knowledge of time-lapse noise characteristics from pre-injection surveys. By utilizing this learned knowledge, our approach accurately discerns CO2-induced subtle signals from the high-amplitude time-lapse noise, ensuring fidelity in monitoring while reducing costs by enabling sparse acquisition. We evaluate our method using synthetic data and field data acquired in the Aquistore project. In the synthetic experiments, we simulate time-lapse noise by incorporating random near-surface effects in the elastic properties of the subsurface model. We train our neural networks exclusively on pre-injection seismic images and subsequently predict CO2 locations from post-injection seismic images. In the field data analysis from Aquistore, the images from pre-injection surveys are utilized to train the neural networks with the characteristics of time-lapse noise, followed by identifying CO2 plumes within two post-injection surveys. The outcomes demonstrate the improved accuracy achieved by the DeepNRMS, effectively addressing the strong time-lapse noise.
- Geophysics > Time-Lapse Surveying > Time-Lapse Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling (0.93)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Storage Reservoir Engineering > CO2 capture and sequestration (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Seismic (four dimensional) monitoring (1.00)
- (2 more...)
Abstract The geology toolkit that is used to reveal faults and fractures is much wider than before. This is due to 3D and 4D views in exploratory statistics programs and to the availability of user-friendly GIS software. These tools allow us to visualize a multitude of parameters that will be briefly explored here. A review of many geologic and nongeologic parameters led to evidence of fault locking and alternate fault activity. It also resulted in new structural models for the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). The presented data sets include earthquakes, drilling, production, well data, aeromagnetic data, and more. Various integrated approaches reveal well-defined fault patterns that are typical of a strike-slip regime and the existence of previously unrecognized detachments that are important for hydrocarbon exploration. Some of the new geometries and associated mechanisms are illustrated here with outcrop analogues and present-day cross sections, maps, and 3D views. Only the most recent of the two identified strike-slip regimes is covered in this paper. Some emphasis is given to the recognition of detachments at various scales. Among these is the importance of megadetachments displacing the sedimentary cover by up to 16 km with respect to the aeromag. Hence, there is a need for reconstruction before making conclusions. The WCSB has a lot more to offer to explorers who understand faults, fractures, and migration paths. Integrating many types of information in map or 3D views offers new tools to identify and characterize faults.
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Northwest Territories (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Manitoba (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (0.69)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic (0.68)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene (0.46)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics > Earthquake (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Magnetic Surveying > Magnetic Acquisition > Airborne Magnetic Acquisition (0.91)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Northwest Territories > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Manitoba > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin (0.99)
- (39 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Geologic modeling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Faults and fracture characterization (1.00)
- (2 more...)
In this article, the Editor of G provides an overview of all technical articles in this issue of the journal.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- North America > Canada (0.28)
- Asia > China (0.24)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.47)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (0.47)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.47)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Resource (0.34)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (46 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic modeling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Near-well and vertical seismic profiles (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Neural Networks > Deep Learning (0.69)
In this article, the Editor of G provides an overview of all technical articles in this issue of the journal.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- North America > Canada (0.28)
- Asia > China (0.25)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.48)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.47)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Passive Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Resource (0.34)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (46 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic modeling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning (0.69)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Neural Networks > Deep Learning (0.47)
Abstract Hydraulic fractures tend to propagate in a plane that is perpendicular to the least principal stress. As a result, unconventional oil and gas wells are typically drilled in the direction of minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) to maximize drainage area. However, in some regions, due to acreage constraints, wells are drilled to maximize the number of wells instead of the ideal orientation with respect to subsurface stresses. We studied the impact of changing well orientation on well productivity in the Bakken Play by simulating a wide range of operational scenarios including proppant loading, well spacing, cluster spacing, and depletion. Our simulation results were compared to historical Bakken well performance data filtered based on the same well orientations and completion designs. The simulation results show that drilling wells parallel to Shmin maximizes well productivity, consistent with the reported actual data. However, the degree of production uplift in actual data cannot be fully attributed to well orientation. We demonstrate that job size, depletion, cluster spacing, and well spacing all affect the impact of well orientation on performance. It is challenging to rigorously quantify the effect of well orientation versus completion design on well productivity in historical data. Simulation studies help to determine the impact of each parameter, helping operators optimize their development strategy. Simulation sensitivity analyses show that depletion, wider cluster spacing, and wider well spacing can lessen the effect of well orientation on well productivity.
- North America > United States > North Dakota (0.49)
- North America > United States > South Dakota (0.35)
- North America > United States > Montana (0.35)
- (2 more...)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.49)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.49)
- North America > United States > South Dakota > Williston Basin > Bakken Shale Formation (0.98)
- North America > United States > North Dakota > Williston Basin > Bakken Shale Formation (0.98)
- North America > United States > Montana > Williston Basin > Bakken Shale Formation (0.98)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing > Fracturing materials (fluids, proppant) (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Well performance, inflow performance (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)
Protecting Parent-Well Production Using Far-Field Diverters in Unconventional Wells
Ajisafe, F. O. (Liberty Energy, Houston, Texas, United States) | Porter, H. (Lime Rock Resources, Houston, Texas, United States) | Kothare, S. (Lime Rock Resources, Houston, Texas, United States) | Colson, E. (Lime Rock Resources, Houston, Texas, United States) | Ellis, R. (Liberty Energy, Houston, Texas, United States) | Heaton, N. (Liberty Energy, Houston, Texas, United States) | Demars, B. (Liberty Energy, Houston, Texas, United States) | Mayerhofer, M. (Liberty Energy, Houston, Texas, United States)
Abstract The impact of fracture driven interaction (FDI) is an increasing concern in mature developed unconventional plays in the US. In this study, parent well production performance after infill well stimulation is evaluated to understand the effectiveness of far-field diverter in mitigating FDI's. Studies to determine if FDI's result in a negative or positive impact, have concluded that it varies from basin-to-basin (Miller et al 2016). In this project, the purpose of pumping far-field diverter is to mitigate wellbore sanding and production loss in existing parent wells. The far-field diverter pill includes a blend of multimodal particles to bridge the fracture tip, preventing excessive fracture length and height growth. Fracture modeling with a unique particle transport model is typically used to design the far-field diverter pill impact on fracture geometry. The pill design and contingency designs are executed in the infill well stimulation job, right after the pad step, in the beginning of the pump schedule. Optimization of the far-field diverter can be complemented with real-time pressure monitoring or cross-well fiber strain data on the parent well. Over the years, far-field diverter has, in one form or the other, been used for various applications in stimulation design. However, since mid-2010's, far-field diverter has been used to address growing concerns of FDI's observed in most mature plays in the US. In this study, since 2018, far-field diverters have been pumped in several wells for the purpose of mitigating the negative impact of FDI's between parent and child wells. While these jobs were operational successes, the next crucial step was to evaluate and quantify the effectiveness of the far-field diverter in mitigating production loss in the parent wells. It is important to note that the operator whose wells utilized far-field diverters, had experienced negative impact of FDI's in their parent wells in the form of production loss and sand in the wellbore which required clean outs at a significant cost. In this study, production data was evaluated comparing pre-stimulation production before shut-in and post-stimulation production after the parent wells were brought back online. Overall, about 75% of the parent wells protected show positive uplift in oil production. And about 80% of the child wells show superior or comparable production decline after about a year of production when compared with offset parent wells It is evident that far-field diverters for fracture geometry control in child wells can be extremely helpful in mitigating negative impact of FDI's. In unconventional reservoirs, where infill (child) well drilling is prevalent, the impact of far-field diverter in controlling fracture geometry has the potential to be a value added FDI mitigation technology to mitigate wellbore sanding and subsequent clean outs as well as optimize production performance of both child and parent wells. The early part of the project resulted in ~$2.5million in savings in well cleanup costs. In addition, fracture diagnostics along with production data evaluation can be highly beneficial in understanding the role of production depletion, completion design and well spacing on fracture driven interaction.
- North America > United States > North Dakota (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan (0.80)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.46)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play (0.34)
- North America > United States > North Dakota > Williston Basin > Lodgepole Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > North Dakota > Williston Basin > Bakken Shale Formation > Middle Bakken Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > South Dakota > Williston Basin > Bakken Shale Formation (0.97)
- (3 more...)
- Information Technology > Architecture > Real Time Systems (0.36)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning (0.34)
Understanding the effects of permafrost degradation through a multi-physics approach
Vosoughi, Ehsan (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)) | Giroux, Bernard (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)) | Duchesne, Mathieu J. (Geological Survey of Canada) | Dupuis, J. Christian (Universit Laval)
Permafrost is a multiphase porous media that can host matter in all three states (solid, liquid, and gas). The equilibrium between the states of matter within the pore space is largely driven by salinity, pressure, and temperature. The complex interactions between the different thermodynamic processes can lead to a complex pore system that is altered at each subsequent thaw and freeze cycle. The dynamic changes imposed on this porous media alter the mechanical and electrical properties of the samples. These changes can thus be quantified and monitored using ultrasonic and electrical resistivity measurements. The experimental results presented in this work document the impacts of a thawing event on unconsolidated quartz sand samples that were partially saturated with a brine solution. The electrical resistivity and ultrasonic data were acquired simultaneously throughout the experiment and the spatiotemporal changes within the solid matrix were captured by time-lapse X-ray Computed Tomography. A total of 39 different samples were investigated. The two independent variables chosen for this study were the grain size and the salinity of the brines. The results show a clear transition in electrical and elastic properties as the material in the pore space transitions between two different states. Further results show that these transitions are the result of the alteration of the pore network itself. Also, the study of P-wave velocity, ice fraction, and X-ray computed tomography of two different types of ice that coexist within the pore network is documented. Given the distinct impact of two different types of ice on this cryogenic porous media, it is imperative to thoroughly comprehend the existence of different ice types before undertaking the electro-elastic investigation of permafrost.
- Research Report > New Finding (0.86)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.54)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.92)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Artificial intelligence (0.92)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence (0.92)
- Information Technology > Sensing and Signal Processing > Image Processing (0.45)
Detecting and recovering critical mineral resource systems using broadband total-field airborne natural source audio frequency magnetotellurics measurements
Prikhodko, Alexander (Expert Geophysics Limited) | Bagrianski, Andrei (Expert Geophysics Limited) | Wilson, Robert (Expert Geophysics Limited) | Belyakov, Sergey (Qazaq Geophysics) | Esimkhanova, Nurganym (Qazaq Geophysics)
ABSTRACT Airborne geophysical methods offer a substantial advantage compared to ground-based techniques in exploring territories of different sizes, ranging from entire metallogenic provinces to the deposit scale, including those hosting critical minerals. An airborne method with measurements of natural magnetic field variations, known as audio frequency magnetotellurics (a passive field method), significantly increases the depth of investigation and expands the resistivity detection range compared with some controlled-source primary-field methods. We describe the technical solutions used in an airborne electromagnetic passive system with a mobile sensor of the total magnetic field variations and the stationary sensor of electric field variations, and its applications to recovering the complex geology of hydrothermal-magmatic systems often associated with critical minerals. The systemโs ability to explore depths, typically beginning from the near-surface and down to 1โ2ย km, by recording responses in three orthogonal inductive coils over a broad bandwidth from 22ย Hz to 21,000ย Hz allows for mapping resistivities across a broad range. This capability is crucial for obtaining more comprehensive exploration models. Field case studies of the natural field system include application in exploring for unconformity uranium mineralization, along with other associated minerals, epithermal gold and polymetallic-bearing structures, and ferromanganese and polymetallic deposits formed in a continental rift valley. An extra case study involving kimberlites was incorporated as a proven example of the natural field systemโs capability in conducting near-surface and deep investigations. The case histories illustrate the airborne natural electromagnetic field technology capabilities in recovering geoelectric models and their specific patterns.
- North America > Canada (0.97)
- North America > United States (0.93)
- Geology > Rock Type > Igneous Rock (0.69)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Extensional Tectonics (0.54)
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate (0.51)
- (2 more...)
- Materials > Metals & Mining (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Myrtle Basin > McArthur Basin > EP 171 > McArthur River Mine (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Athabasca Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Athabasca Basin (0.99)
- Africa > South Africa > Western Cape Province > Indian Ocean > Bredasdorp Basin > Block 9 > EM Field (0.99)
Detecting and recovering critical mineral resource systems using broadband total-field airborne natural source audio frequency magnetotellurics measurements
Prikhodko, Alexander (Expert Geophysics Limited) | Bagrianski, Andrei (Expert Geophysics Limited) | Wilson, Robert (Expert Geophysics Limited) | Belyakov, Sergey (Qazaq Geophysics) | Esimkhanova, Nurganym (Qazaq Geophysics)
ABSTRACT Airborne geophysical methods offer a substantial advantage compared to ground-based techniques in exploring territories of different sizes, ranging from entire metallogenic provinces to the deposit scale, including those hosting critical minerals. An airborne method with measurements of natural magnetic field variations, known as audio frequency magnetotellurics (a passive field method), significantly increases the depth of investigation and expands the resistivity detection range compared with some controlled-source primary-field methods. We describe the technical solutions used in an airborne electromagnetic passive system with a mobile sensor of the total magnetic field variations and the stationary sensor of electric field variations, and its applications to recovering the complex geology of hydrothermal-magmatic systems often associated with critical minerals. The systemโs ability to explore depths, typically beginning from the near-surface and down to 1โ2ย km, by recording responses in three orthogonal inductive coils over a broad bandwidth from 22ย Hz to 21,000ย Hz allows for mapping resistivities across a broad range. This capability is crucial for obtaining more comprehensive exploration models. Field case studies of the natural field system include application in exploring for unconformity uranium mineralization, along with other associated minerals, epithermal gold and polymetallic-bearing structures, and ferromanganese and polymetallic deposits formed in a continental rift valley. An extra case study involving kimberlites was incorporated as a proven example of the natural field systemโs capability in conducting near-surface and deep investigations. The case histories illustrate the airborne natural electromagnetic field technology capabilities in recovering geoelectric models and their specific patterns.
- North America > Canada (0.97)
- North America > United States (0.93)
- Geology > Rock Type > Igneous Rock (0.69)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Extensional Tectonics (0.54)
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate (0.51)
- (2 more...)
- Materials > Metals & Mining (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Myrtle Basin > McArthur Basin > EP 171 > McArthur River Mine (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Saskatchewan > Athabasca Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Athabasca Basin (0.99)
- Africa > South Africa > Western Cape Province > Indian Ocean > Bredasdorp Basin > Block 9 > EM Field (0.99)
Summary Erosion and forces on rams may prevent a blowout preventer (BOP) from sealing a well. Analyzing the flow field throughout a BOP may provide insight into these flowing effects on the inability of a BOP to seal the well. 3D transient simulation of fluid flow throughout closing BOP fluid domains is demonstrated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulation may be used to analyze the transient stress, pressure, and velocity fields throughout a BOP domain as it is closing. Many challenges exist in simulating a closing BOP using CFD, including boundary conditions and treatment of dynamic meshing. Solutions to those challenges are presented in this work. CFD simulations are carried out using ANSYS Fluent v19.2 (ANSYS, Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA). For inlet boundary conditions to the CFD domain, the CFD simulations are explicitly coupled with a 1D wellbore simulator. The 1D wellbore simulator provides a connection between the BOP and constant pressure reservoir. Numerical instability is present during this coupling process. An implementation for dealing with this instability is presented. An example validation case is presented to demonstrate the accuracy of CFD for pressure fields throughout valves. A second 2D axisymmetric case is shown to demonstrate the meshing and coupling simulation process. A third case, simulation through a 3D shear geometry is then presented to show the applicability of the process to a more complex geometric design. Velocity and stress fields are plotted to show the practicality of CFD in analyzing the probable causes of failure in BOP closures.
- North America > United States > Ohio (0.28)
- North America > United States > Louisiana (0.28)
- North America > Canada > Newfoundland and Labrador (0.28)
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania (0.24)