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ABSTRACT Wind energy is considered to be of great importance for promoting energy transition and achieving net-zero carbon emission. Reliable modeling and monitoring of the near-subsurface geology are crucial for successful wind farm selection, construction, operation, and maintenance. For optimal characterization of shallow seafloor sediments, 2D ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) seismic survey and 1D cone-penetration testing (CPT) often are acquired, processed, interpreted, and integrated for building 3D ground models of essential geotechnical parameters such as friction. Such a task faces multiple challenges, such as limited CPT availability, strong noise contamination in UHR seismic data, and heavy manual efforts for completing the traditional workflows, particularly acoustic impedance inversion. This study accelerates the integration by a semisupervised learning workflow with three highlights. First, it enables geotechnical parameter estimation directly from UHR seismic data without impedance inversion. The second comes from the use of a pretrained feature engine to reduce the risk of overfitting while mapping massive UHR seismic data with sparse CPT measurements through deep learning. More importantly, it allows incorporating other geologic/geophysical information, such as a predefined structural model, to further constrain the machine learning and boost its generalization capability. Its values are validated through applications to the Dutch wind farm zone for estimating four geotechnical parameters, including cone-tip resistance, sleeve friction, pore-water pressure, and the derived friction ratio, in two example scenarios: (1)ย UHR seismic data only and (2)ย UHR seismic data and an 11-layer structural model. The results verify the feasibility of data-driven geotechnical parameter estimation. In addition to the two demonstrated scenarios, our workflow can be further customized for embedding more constraints, e.g.,ย prestack seismic and elastic/static property models, given their availability in a wind farm of interest.
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing > Seismic Migration (0.34)
_ Normal flow past flat plates at high Reynolds numbers appears in various engineering contexts. To accurately model such flows for slender plates in Computational Fluid Dynamics requires scale-resolving rather than scale-modeling methods. The present paper uses Detached-Eddy Simulation to investigate the influence of plate corner curvature on global flow quantities such as the time-averaged drag coefficient. The effect of corner curvature is mapped and collated with the literature. Solution verification is carried out to quantify the numerical uncertainty. The time-averaged drag coefficient increases significantly between semi-cylindrically rounded ([CD]t =2.28) and sharp-cornered ([CD]t =2.42) plates.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.47)
This article is dedicated to exploring the advantages of integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into Geophysics. For all those who are not familiar with GIS, some basics concepts in this field have been included here as well as some useful links in references for all those who want to explore more the field of GIS. GIS has become widely known and nowadays is used in many industries that have incorporated location as part of their daily business. To start with a definition of GIS, we can quote Dr. Roger Tomlinson[1], considered the "Father of GIS". Mr. Tomlinson defines GIS in terms of its components that form part of a "model"[2].
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > DJ (Denver-Julesburg) Basin (0.94)
- North America > United States > South Dakota > Williston Basin (0.94)
- North America > United States > North Dakota > Williston Basin (0.94)
- (6 more...)
- Information Technology > Information Management (0.53)
- Information Technology > Geographic Information Systems (0.53)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Induced seismicity refers to typically minor earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on the Earth's crust. Most induced seismicity is of a low magnitude. A few sites regularly have larger quakes, such as The Geysers geothermal plant in California which averaged two M4 events and 15 M3 events every year from 2004 to 2009.[1] Results of ongoing multi-year research on induced earthquakes by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) published in 2015 suggested that most of the significant earthquakes in Oklahoma, such as the 1952 magnitude 5.7 El Reno earthquake may have been induced by deep injection of waste water by the oil industry. "Earthquake rates have recently increased markedly in multiple areas of the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS), especially since 2010, and scientific studies have linked the majority of this increased activity to wastewater injection in deep disposal wells."[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- North America > United States > California (0.50)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma (0.31)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Resource (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Oceania > Australia > South Australia > Cooper Basin (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > Queensland > Cooper Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > California > Mayacamas Mountains > Geysers Field (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > Victoria > Bass Strait > Gippsland Basin (0.89)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Non-Traditional Resources > Geothermal resources (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Water use, produced water discharge and disposal (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Waste management (1.00)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Detecting fractures and monitoring hydraulic fracturing processes at the first EGS Collab testbed using borehole DAS ambient noise
Li, David (Los Alamos National Laboratory) | Huang, Lianjie (Los Alamos National Laboratory) | Zheng, Yingcai (University of Houston) | Li, Yingping (University of Houston, BlueSkyDAS LLC) | Schoenball, Martin (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) | Rodriguez-Tribaldos, Vernica (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) | Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan (Rice University) | Hopp, Chet (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) | Johnson, Tim (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) | Knox, Hunter (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) | Blankenship, Doug (Sandia National Laboratories) | Dobson, Patrick (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) | Kneafsey, Tim (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) | Robertson, Michelle (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) require cost-effective monitoring of fracture networks. We validate the capability of using borehole distributed-acoustic-sensing (DAS) ambient noise for fracture monitoring using core photos and core logs. The EGS Collab Project conducts 10-m-scale field experiments of hydraulic fracture stimulation using 50-60 m deep experimental wells at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. The first EGS Collab testbed is located at the 1616.67 m (4850 ft) depth at SURF and consists of one injection well, one production well, and six monitoring wells. All wells were drilled sub-horizontally from an access tunnel called a drift. The project uses a single continuous fiber optic cable installed sequentially in the six monitoring wells to record DAS data for monitoring hydraulic fracturing during stimulation. We analyze 60-s time records of the borehole DAS ambient noise data and compute the noise root-mean-squares (RMS) amplitude on each channel (points along the fiber cable) to obtain DAS ambient noise RMS amplitude depth profiles along the monitoring wellbores. Our noise RMS amplitude profiles show amplitude peaks at distinct depths. We compare the DAS noise RMS amplitude profiles with borehole core photos and core logs and find that the DAS noise RMS amplitude peaks correspond to the locations of fractures or lithological changes shown in the core photos or core logs. We then compute the hourly DAS noise RMS amplitude profiles in two monitoring wells during three stimulation cycles in 72 hours and find that the DAS noise RMS amplitude profiles vary with time, indicating the fracture opening/growth or closing during the hydraulic stimulation. Our results demonstrate that borehole DAS passive ambient noise can be used to detect fractures and monitor fracturing processes in EGS reservoirs.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
- North America > United States > South Dakota (0.24)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Resource (0.86)
- Europe > Netherlands > German Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Germany > German Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Denmark > German Basin (0.99)
The impermeable caprock within a geothermal system serves the purpose of effectively sealing the reservoir, resulting in the elevation of both pressure and temperature. This sealing mechanism plays a crucial role in the long-term preservation of the system, while also contributing to its overall sustainability. Caprock failure subsequent to seismic activity near a geothermal site can lead to the permeation of the caprock structure, resulting in diminished sealing capabilities and a decline in the reservoir temperature. Additionally, this process alters the geochemical composition of the water by creating a hydrothermal mixture zone that disrupts the resistivity structure of the caprock, which is typically characterized by low resistivity values due to its substantial clay content and mineral alteration. This study focuses on investigating the integrity of the caprock at ฦกnakkale-Tuzla geothermal field in Turkey, where the water temperature and conductivity were reported to have decreased after a moderate magnitude earthquake and subsequent aftershocks. For this purpose, we performed magnetotelluric (MT) measurements, a method known for its sensitivity to geochemical reactions. These measurements were conducted along two parallel profiles that encompassed a total of 32 stations. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was employed to overcome subtle difficulties associated with conventional inversion methods when modeling the MT data of complex formations. This is the first study that overcomes the difficulties emanating from the caprock failure by modeling MT data using PSO. Our modeling approach produced resistivity images that we interpreted as the signature of the failed caprock following the earthquake at the study site. Our results appear to confirm the documented geochemical changes or hydrothermal mixture zone about caprock structure.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Turkey > Canakkale Province > Canakkale (0.41)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene (0.67)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (0.47)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics > Earthquake (1.00)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Europe > Bosnia and Herzegovina > Tuzla Canton > Tuzla Basin > Tuzla Field (0.99)
- Asia > Thailand > Gulf of Thailand > Western Basin (0.91)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Agents (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Evolutionary Systems (1.00)
Modeling and Sparsity Promoting Separation of Wind Turbine Noise in Common-shot Gathers
Hu, Yanglijiang (Xian Jiaotong University) | Wang, Xiaokai (Xian Jiaotong University) | Hou, Qinlong (Xian Jiaotong University) | Liu, Dawei (Xian Jiaotong University, Purdue University) | Shang, Xinmin (Sinopec Shengli Oilfield) | Zhang, Meng (Sinopec Shengli Oilfield) | Chen, Wenchao (Xian Jiaotong University)
In land seismic acquisition, the quality of common-shot gathers is severely degraded by Wind Turbine Noise (WTN) when wind turbines are operating continuously in surveys. The high-amplitude WTN overlap or even completely submerge the body and surface waves (signals). Through time-space and frequency analysis, three main features of the WTN are observed: 1) it is periodic with nearly constant frequencies over time; 2) it is coherent but exhibits different apparent velocities in space; 3) it has relatively narrow bands with varying central frequencies. The first feature enables WTN to distort signals from shallow to deep, while the latter two features make traditional methods that separate noise and signals based on velocity and frequency differences less effective. To suppress the WTN, we first analyze its formation and propagation mechanism, and then propose a WTN simulation model to validate the presented mechanism. Based on our analysis of WTN and signals, we consider common-shot gathers as the linear superpositions of periodic WTN and relatively broadband signals (referred to as low-oscillatory signals). This additive mixture aligns with the feasibility premise of Morphological Component Analysis (MCA). Finally, based on MCA theory, we propose a sparsity-promoting separation method to suppress WTN in common-shot gathers. To implement our separation method, we construct two dictionaries using the Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform (TQWT) and the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). TQWT and DCT can sparsely represent oscillating waves (signals) and periodic waves (WTN), respectively. This work contributes to the existing knowledge of WTN separation by modeling the periodicity of WTN and the low-oscillatory behavior of signal, rather than relying on velocity or frequency differences. The proposed method has been tested on both synthetic and field data, and both tests demonstrate its effectiveness in separating WTN and preserving signals.
- Asia > China (0.67)
- North America > United States (0.46)
- Information Technology > Data Science > Data Quality > Data Transformation (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning (1.00)
Pseudo-3D cubes from densely spaced subbottom profiles via projection onto convex sets interpolation: An open-source workflow applied to a pockmark field
Warnke, Fynn (University of Auckland) | Pecher, Ingo A. (Texas A&M University โ Corpus Christi) | Hillman, Jess I. T. (GNS Science) | Davy, Bryan (GNS Science) | Woelz, Susi (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA)) | Gorman, Andrew R. (University of Otago) | Strachan, Lorna J. (University of Auckland)
ABSTRACT High-resolution subbottom profiler (SBP) data are commonly recorded during academic or industrial surveys and analyzed as 2D profiles. However, there is growing interest in 3D imaging of the shallow seafloor subsurface, e.g.,ย site surveys prior to the installation of offshore wind farms. Despite ongoing advancements in 3D systems, SBPs continue to be used mainly for 2D profiling. In other seismic imaging applications, โpseudo-3Dโ seismic cubes have been successfully generated from dense 2D seismic surveys. We developed a novel open-source Python-based workflow to interpolate densely spaced 2D SBP profiles acquired with a hull-mounted parametric SBP into pseudo-3D cubes. This workflow is applied to a study area on the Chatham Rise east of New Zealandโs South Island, comprising numerous seafloor pockmarks and subsurface paleo-pockmarks. Our workflow consists of two stages: (1)ย processing of individual 2D profiles to compensate for existing vertical offsets and (2)ย sparse data interpolation by applying the iterative projection onto convex sets algorithm. We correct the residual static effect caused by the sea state during acquisition, compensate for the varying tidal elevations, and apply vertical time shifts to individual profiles to correct misties at profile intersections. The interpolation of the binned sparse 3D cube is performed in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform and executed in parallel processes, which significantly increases the computational efficiency. We validate our workflow by testing different bin sizes, sparse transforms, thresholding approaches, and varying total iterations, which noticeably impact the resulting interpolation quality. Our developed workflow generates pseudo-3D subsurface images from densely spaced SBP profiles, with numerous potential applications for academic and industrial surveys.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Oceania > New Zealand (0.66)
- Energy > Renewable (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.67)
- Information Technology > Software (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning (0.92)
- Information Technology > Data Science > Data Quality > Data Transformation (0.68)
Large-Scale of Hydrogen Underground Storage in Salt Caverns: The Future of Sustainable Energy Storage
Abreu, Julia Franco (GTRW Holding - ESG Investment Division) | Costa, Alvaro M. (Modecom-Technology in Geomechanics and Computing Modelling) | Costa, Pedro V. M. (Modecom-Technology in Geomechanics and Computing Modelling) | Miranda, Antรดnio C. O. (University of Brasรญlia (UNB)) | Tassinari, Colombo C. G. (University of Sรฃo Paulo (USP) / Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation) | Weber, Nathรกlia (University of Sรฃo Paulo (USP) / Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation) | Assi, Gustavo (University of Sรฃo Paulo (USP) / Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation) | Meneghini, Jรบlio (University of Sรฃo Paulo (USP) / Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation) | Nishimoto, Kazuo (University of Sรฃo Paulo (USP) / Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation) | Ebecken, Nelson Francisco Favilla (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) | Wang, Pingfeng (University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign) | Hamdan, Bayan (American University of Sharjah) | Marquez, Anabel Renteria (University of Texas at El Paso) | Xu, Yanwen (University of Texas Dallas)
Abstract Hydrogen is taking a significant lead as a complementary energy carrier. One of the most significant structural challenges in the hydrogen supply chain is storing large volumes to ensure stability between generation, delivery, and utilization. In this context, geological storage in salt caverns stands out as the most promising technology. Salt caverns mined by leaching have unique physicochemical characteristics such as negligible permeability under high gas pressures (avoiding leakage), self-healing, higher levels of stability, and stress safety shield due to the creep phenomenon. Also, it allows higher injection and withdrawal ratios of Hydrogen, meeting cycles between demand and production, a minor need for cushion gas, and more controllable construction from the point of view of monitoring and tightness. At the end of the operational life of the storage system, the cushion gas can be extracted just by injecting brine into the cavern. This article presents a geomechanical case study of hydrogen storage in salt caverns in a speculative geological site within the boundary limits found in evaporite basins (Moriak 2008, 2012). It will also be presented the design of caverns in the same geological site to store natural gas with high content of CO2. It will demonstrate the patented technology of gravitational separation of natural gas and CO2 that occurs inside the salt caverns, as the density of the CO2 is larger than the natural gas (Costa, 2018).
- South America > Brazil (1.00)
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- (6 more...)
- Geology > Mineral > Halide > Halite (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics (0.93)
- Geology > Rock Type (0.88)
- South America > Brazil > Brazil > South Atlantic Ocean > Santos Basin (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.98)
- North America > United States > Illinois > Aden Field (0.89)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia > Red Sea (0.89)
Abstract In the frame of the energy transition, producing hydrogen offshore is more and more considered as an efficient and competitive way to transport energy from remote wind farms to the continent and scenarios were hydrogen production, transport and storage facilities are set in the offshore are being investigated. Salt cavities could be developed in the Zechstein and offer large storage capacities to accommodate the high intermittency of wind-farms activity and hydrogen production. In such context, TotalEnergies-OneTech conducted a feasibility study for an offshore storage in Netherland, assessing the technical challenges but also the efficiency and durability of salt cavity facing high frequency injection and withdrawal rates. This paper presents a geomechanical study that was carried out with the aim of answering several questions relating to the design and thermomechanical behaviour of a cavern during its operation. One objective of this study was also to simulate the most severe accident that could occur, namely a blowout.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe > Netherlands (0.70)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.28)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Storage Reservoir Engineering > Natural gas storage (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment (1.00)