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Should We Do? Management Division, Oklahoma Water Resources Board MORNING SESSION: RESILIENCY DISCUSSION AND POLICY PRESENTATIONS, EMPHASIZING THE BROAD POLICY BACKGROUND, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, LEGAL ISSUES, AND FUTURE POLICY EVOLUTION TO ADDRESS INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT, MAINTENANCE, PROTECTION, RESILIENCY, ETC.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > Canada (0.93)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma > Payne County (0.28)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics > Earthquake (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral (0.69)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Passive Seismic Surveying > Earthquake Seismology (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (0.93)
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (0.67)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (0.67)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management (1.00)
- Materials > Construction Materials (1.00)
- Law (1.00)
- (11 more...)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (29 more...)
- Well Drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- (11 more...)
- Information Technology > Communications (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence (0.92)
- Information Technology > Architecture > Real Time Systems (0.46)
Design for preventing or minimizing the effects of accidents is termed accidental limit states (ALS) design and is characterized by preventing/minimizing loss of life, environmental damage, and loss of the structure. Collision, grounding, dropped objects, explosion, and fire are traditional accident categories.
- South America > Brazil (1.00)
- Oceania > Australia (1.00)
- North America > Canada (1.00)
- (11 more...)
- Summary/Review (1.00)
- Research Report > New Finding (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.67)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics (0.67)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (1.00)
- Transportation > Ground (1.00)
- (36 more...)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Viosca Knoll > Block 786 > Petronius Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Mississippi Canyon > Block 392 > Appomattox Field (0.99)
- (58 more...)
Committee III.2: Fatigue and Fracture
Garbatov, Yordan (_) | Ås, Sigmund K (_) | Besten, Henk Den (_) | Haselbach, Philipp (_) | Kahl, Adrian (_) | Karr, Dale (_) | Kim, Myung Hyun (_) | Liu, Junjie (_) | Lourenço de Souza, Marcelo Igor (_) | Mao, Wengang (_) | Mikkola, Eeva (_) | Osawa, Naoki (_) | Prasetyo, Fredhi Agung (_) | Sicchiero, Mauro (_) | Vhanmane, Suhas (_) | del Amo, Marta Vicente (_) | Yue, Jingxia (_)
Committee Mandate Concern for crack initiation and growth under cyclic loading and unstable crack propagation and tearing in the ship and offshore structures. Due attention shall be paid to the suitability and uncertainty of physical models and testing. Consideration is to be given to the practical application, statistical description and fracture control methods in design, fabrication, and service. Introduction The advances addressing fatigue and fracture loading, fatigue damage accumulation, and crack growth approaches related to ships and offshore structures are reviewed and discussed by the 21st International Ships and Offshore Structures III.2 Fatigue and Fracture Committee. The rules and standards continued to be updated, accounting for the latest achievements in the field. The current committee report performed an in-depth update of the state of the art in this field with special attention on fatigue material properties, fatigue strength improvement, fatigue strength assessment based on rules (benchmark study A and B) and fatigue crack growth analysis in storm conditions (benchmark study C). The benchmark studies were performed by research groups originating from different Classification Societies, industrial partners, and universities as an essential contribution to the committee report. Fatigue and fracture is a vast developing field, and the committee report should be seen as a continuation of past International Ships and Offshore Structures III.2 Fatigue and Fracture Committee reports.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia (1.00)
- Research Report > New Finding (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (1.00)
- Overview > Innovation (1.00)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Freight & Logistics Services > Shipping (1.00)
- Shipbuilding (1.00)
- (8 more...)
"In offshore and coastal engineering, metocean refers to the syllabic abbreviation of meteorology and (physical) oceanography" (Wikipedia). Metocean research covers dynamics of the oceaninterface environments: the air-sea surface, atmospheric boundary layer, upper ocean, the sea bed within the wavelength proximity (~100 m for wind-generated waves), and coastal areas. Metocean disciplines broadly comprise maritime engineering, marine meteorology, wave forecast, operational oceanography, oceanic climate, sediment transport, coastal morphology, and specialised technological disciplines for in-situ and remote sensing observations. Metocean applications incorporate offshore, coastal and Arctic engineering; navigation, shipping and naval architecture; marine search and rescue; environmental instrumentation, among others. Often, both for design and operational purposes the ISSC community is interested in Metocean Extremes which include extreme conditions (such as extreme tropical or extra-tropical cyclones), extreme events (such as rogue waves) and extreme environments (such as Marginal Ice Zone, MIZ). Certain Metocean conditions appear extreme, depending on applications (e.g.
- Europe > United Kingdom > England (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (1.00)
- Asia > Japan (1.00)
- (16 more...)
- Summary/Review (1.00)
- Research Report > New Finding (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.67)
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (0.65)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling (0.45)
- Transportation > Passenger (1.00)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (1.00)
- (36 more...)
- Europe > Denmark > North Sea > Danish Sector > Central Graben > Block 5504/12 > Tyra Field (0.99)
- Europe > Denmark > North Sea > Danish Sector > Central Graben > Block 5504/11 > Tyra Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Colorado > Ice Field (0.98)
- (18 more...)
- Well Drilling > Well Planning > Trajectory design (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drillstring Design > Drill pipe selection (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- (53 more...)
ABSTRACT Industrialized sites pose challenges for conducting electrical resistivity geophysical surveys because the sites typically contain metallic infrastructure that can mask electrolytic-based soil and groundwater contamination. The Hanford Nuclear Site in eastern Washington State, USA, is an industrialized site with underground storage tanks, piping networks, steel fencing, and other potentially interfering infrastructure that could inhibit the effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to map historical and monitor current waste releases. The underground storage tanks are the largest contributor by volume to subsurface infrastructure and can be classified as reinforced concrete structures with an internal steel liner. Directly measuring the effective value for the electrical resistivity of the tanks, that is, the combination of individual components that comprise the tank’s shell, is not reasonably possible because they are buried and are dangerously radioactive. Therefore, we indirectly assess the general resistivity of the tanks and the surrounding infrastructure by developing synthetic ERT models with a parametric forward-modeling study using a wide range of resistivity values from to , which are equivalent to steel and dry rock, respectively. The synthetic models use the long-electrode ERT (LE-ERT) method, whereby steel-cased metallic wells surrounding the tanks are used as electrodes. The patterns and values of the synthetic tomographic models are then compared with LE-ERT field data from the AX tank farm at the Hanford Site. This indirect method of assessing the effective resistivity reveals that the reinforced concrete tanks are electrically resistive and the accompanying piping infrastructure has little influence on the overall resistivity distribution when using electrically based geophysical methods for characterizing or monitoring waste releases. Our findings are consistent with nondestructive testing literature that also indicates reinforced concrete to be generally resistive.
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (0.77)
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (0.48)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Waste management (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Processing Systems and Design > Tanks and storage systems (1.00)
Fatigue Capacity of Plain Concrete Under Biaxial Fatigue Stresses With One Constant
Song, Yu-pu (State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China) | Wang, Huai-liang (Civil and Architectural Engineering College, Dalian University, Dalian, China)
The fatigue tests of concrete have been conducted with constant confined stress, including biaxial compression ㉣biaxial tension compression and alternate tension-compression fatigue loading. The experimental results show that an increase of the horizontal stress leads to a change of the maximum vertical load-carrying capacity. Empirical relationships are proposed for predicting the maximum stress ratio as a function of lateral stress and fatigue life. Also, the observation of the failure modes indicates that concrete possesses similar failure patterns under monotonic and fatigue loadings. The investigation of this paper can provide for the design of concrete structures such as reinforced concrete bridge ㉣ crane beams ㉣ offshore platforms ㉣ concrete sleepers㉣ nuclear power plants and pressure vessels. It can also give some suggestions for the revision of existing Design Code. INTRODUCTION Many structures are often subject to repetitive cyclic loads. Examples of such cyclic loads include machine vibration, sea waves, wind action and automobile traffic. The exposure to repeated loading results in a steady decrease in the stiffness of the structure, which may eventually lead to fatigue failure. The earliest research on fatigue properties of concrete materials is traced back to the end of the 19th century (Joly, 1898), the compressive fatigue tests so far have been most investigated (ACI Committee 215; Hsu, 1981; Oh, 1991).In recent years, many investigations concerning plain concrete under uniaxial cyclic tension ㉣uniaxial alternate tension-compression and biaxial fatigue loads have also been carried out. Very few experimental results on the response of concrete subjected to repeated biaxial loading are available in the literature. Fatigue behavior of plain concrete under biaxial compression (Su and Hsu, 1988), high-strength concrete subjected to proportional biaxial-cyclic compression (Nelson et al., 1988) and steel fiber reinforced concrete subjected to biaxial compressive fatigue loading (Yin et. al., 1995) were investigated. (2002).
- Research Report > New Finding (0.49)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.34)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics (0.47)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (0.34)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Offshore Facilities and Subsea Systems (0.34)
ABSTRACT If large enough, a gravity structure in reinforced concrete will have no problems in overall safety. Reduction of the dimensions, however, may change this picture. This became evident to Ingenior F. SELMER A/S when modifications of the company's large offshore platform 'design - of 1970 - to more moderate units began. An extensive test program was therefore initiated at the River and Harbour Laboratory (VHL) at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim. The research work was mainly concentrated on wave forces, but other hydraulic aspects relate to bottom mounted concrete structures - such as the effect of shock waves, wave damping devices and scour -are also discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION Based upon long experience and great confidence in reinforced concrete, a very large platform project for the North Sea was forwarded to the Norwegian authorities in August 1970 by Ingenior F. SELMER A/S. Reference is made to [1] for the background of the design and a ore detailed description than is given here: Figure 1 shows the basic principles - these include a monolithic raft foundation of circular cells - diameter 20 m - with a system of cutting edges protruding 4 to 5 meters below the bottom slab. From the caisson top - 15 meters below sea level - columns carry the platform and serve as wave dampers as well. The platform would have sides of 300 meters length, giving an area of more than 10 acres. The intention was to collect many activities on one large, safe base to replace structures scattered over a wider area, thus being more hazardous to navigation as well as more vulnerable individually to the impact. On a gravity structure sufficiently large in relation to the wave length, the wave loads will the of relatively little significance; but as dimensions decrease, wave loads grow more and more important. Sea bottoms to which gravity structures are applicable are often also vulnerable to scour. At large structures local scour can usually be counter acted in time, at smaller ones the situation may be more serious. Problems and risks usually increase as the dimensions of gravity structures decrease. For ordinary steel piling structures the opposite is the case. Consequently the competition between steel and concrete structures may not lead to the optimum field design if the general lay-out has been- based too rigorously on one type or the other. The advantage of combining two or more ordinary platforms on a single, large concrete raft should especially be Kept in mind since it opens the possibility of a very inexpensive extention of platform area. 2. WAVE FORCES ON LARGE VOLUME STRUCTURES The calculation. of wave forces. on large volume structures, e.g. structures where drag effects are of no importance has followed two approaches. The first approach is to use a quasistatic approach introducing force coefficients This approach requires measurement of forces on a model or a prototype-structure to determine these coefficients [1], [2].
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- North America > United States > California (0.28)
- Europe > Norway > Trøndelag > Trondheim (0.25)
- Materials > Construction Materials (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Construction & Engineering (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (0.69)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Offshore Facilities and Subsea Systems (0.68)
ABSTRACT An overview of the existing technology for submerged, pressure resistant, concrete structures is presented for the offshore engineer. Empirical equations allow predictions of the implosion strength of spherical and cylindrical structures. Other design aspects related to submerged concrete structures such as penetrations, reinforcement, permeability and compressive strength, are also discussed. INTRODUCTION The offshore industry is experiencing an upsurge of interest in ocean concrete structures. Many of the applications are for floating structures, such as LNG carriers, for fixed seafloor structures, such as the Ekofisk oil storage tank and for submerged structures for oil production and storage systems. The interest in concrete is spurred by several factors. Notably the potential for significant cost savings; yet, this is the outcome of other supporting features. First, the resistance of concrete to attack by the seawater environment is good. By using a well designed concrete mix and thorough inspection procedures to insure high quality workmanship, concrete structures will exhibit low maintenance costs over a long life. An actual cost comparison has shown that steel barges required from 300 to 1100 percent greater maintenance costs over a six year period than comparable size prestressed concrete barges. Second, positively or negatively buoyant structures can be designed of concrete by varying the material density and wall thickness. Large structures possess excessive buoyancy if fabricated of steel; hence, great quantities of ballast are required to submerge the structure. With concrete, the wall thickness is usually increased to overcome excess buoyancy so the "ballast" is used to enhance the strength of the structure. Third, the fabrication of concrete structures can be performed rapidly and in a world wide competitive market. Also complex structural shapes, such as spheres or toroids, are economically formed of concrete. Most existing submerged or partially submerged concrete structures are pressure-compensated. One exception is the submerged concrete transportation tunnels which are pressure resistant. Yet, even pressure-compensated structures should be evaluated for their pressure-resisting capability so that during emplacement of the structure to the seafloor the permissible pressure loading is known. The purpose of this paper is to present empirical design equations which predict the implosion strength of concrete spherical and cylindrical structures, and to discuss other major design aspects of submerged concrete structures. The technology exists to use concrete structures today with utmost safety to 1,000 ft. and within several years further testing and experience will permit concrete structures to operate at 3,000 ft. The information presented herein should enable an offshore engineer to assess whether concrete is applicable for his planned or contemplated submerged structure. SCOPE OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM A total of 120 models of spherical and cylindrical pressure-resistant structures have been tested under hydrostatic loading. The majority of the specimens were spherical structures of sizes 16, 32, and 66 inches outside diameter and fabricated of plain and reinforced concrete. The cylindrical structures were 16 inches outside diameter and fabricated of plain concrete, with one exception.
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (0.47)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage (0.34)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Facilities and Construction Project Management (0.34)