Layer | Fill | Outline |
---|
Map layers
Theme | Visible | Selectable | Appearance | Zoom Range (now: 0) |
---|
Fill | Stroke |
---|---|
Collaborating Authors
Results
This paper was prepared for the Abnormal Subsurface Pressure Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Baton Route, La., May 15–16, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers Office. Such discussions may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract In the last decades, exploration for new and additional oil and gas reserves has greatly expanded laterally, both on- and off-shore, and at the same time has also greatly progressed downward to investigate the hydrocarbon potential of deep and superdeep targets. In these activities, abnormal formation pressures; i.e., pressures other than hydrostatic have been encountered on all but one continent. The present discussion attempts to compile information on the worldwide occurrence of abnormal formation pressures, which are equally important in the pressures, which are equally important in the search for and drilling and production of oil and gas. Introduction In the worldwide search for oil and gas, formation pressures other than hydrostatic have been encountered on all but one continent (Figure 1). Such abnormal pressures, defined by departure from hydrostatic at any given depth, may be excessively high or low, the possible modes and causes of origin being numerous. The present discussion, unfortunately, is limited by (1) data available to the author or (2) their proprietary nature (North Sea, South China Sea, Arctic Islands). Since each country had to be treated rather briefly, selected references will assist in pursuing the subject further. All pressure pursuing the subject further. All pressure data shown in graphical rather than tabular form. Each graph includes three trend lines representing the overburden gradient of 1.0 psi/ft, which corresponds to the weight of the overlying rock series (i.e., weight of both the rock matrix and fluids) with an average density of 2.30 gm/cc, (2) the hydrostatic pressure gradient of 0.465 psi/ ft, which corresponds to the average hydrostatic gradient as found in the U.S. Gulf Coast area, and (3) the hydrostatic gradient of 0.433 psi/ft, representative of the domestic Mid-continent area. WORLDWIDE OCCURRENCE OF ABNORMAL FORMATION PRESSURES EUROPE - Abnormal pressure environments have been encountered both on- and offshore in W-Europe, the Carpathian Region (Hungary, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria), and Russia Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria), and Russia (USSR).
- North America > United States (1.00)
- North America > Canada (1.00)
- Europe > Russia (1.00)
- (6 more...)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Tertiary (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic (0.95)
- (2 more...)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (0.93)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.71)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault (0.67)
- South America > Venezuela > Eastern Venezuela Basin > Oficina Formation (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Mendoza > Cuyo Basin > Tupungato Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- (39 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (0.93)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Drillstem/well testing (0.88)
- Management > Asset and Portfolio Management > Reserves replacement, booking and auditing (0.86)
This paper was prepared for the Abnormal Subsurface Pressure Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Baton Route, La., May 15–16, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers Office. Such discussions may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract Proper interpretation of the occurrence of clay mineral assemblages in Tertiary argillaceous sediments, containing abnormally high pressure zones, depends on understanding their diagenetic history. Of particular interest to petroleum engineers and geologists is the observed diagenetic conversion of montmorillonite to mixed-layered clay mineral forms under conditions of deep sediment burial at low geothermal temperatures (less than 500 deg.F). The origin of these clay mineral transformations may be related to the existence of the overpressured zones. A series of pilot temperature-pressure laboratory experiments were employed to investigate the proposed transformation of montmorillonite to an inter-stratified layer arrangement of illite and montmorillonite. Samples of natural and pure sprayed-dried sodium montmorillonite (Wyoming bentonite) were saturated with distilled and substitute sea water, and treated with various chemical solutions before being run at pressures from 1,000 to 200,000 psig, under pH conditions from 0.5 to 13, and at autoclave temperatures up to 380 deg. F. The clay samples were exposed to these environmental conditions in both closed and open chemical systems from 7 to 21 days. The modification of the sodium montmorillonite structure to an illitic form did not take place under the above stated conditions. Apparently, time is an important factor in this conversion process and will have to be taken into consideration in future experiments. Evidence for non-conversion is based on X-ray powder diffraction studies, infrared absorption scans, and chemical analysis of the samples before and after each run. Results of these experiments are discussed and compared with data from previously reported field data and previously reported field data and temperature-pressure laboratory investigations on clays naturally occurring in sediments.
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate > Phyllosilicate (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock (0.35)
- Oceania > Papua New Guinea > Papuan Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > New Mexico > Raton Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > New Mexico > Permian Basin > Atoka Field > San Andreas Formation (0.98)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
This paper was prepared for the Abnormal Subsurface Pressure Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Baton Route, La., May 15–16, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers Office. Such discussions ma be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract Although the petroleum industry has developed effective, and accurate techniques to analyze exposed formation pressure, drilling engineers continue to advance wells without knowing what pressures are ahead. A technique has been developed by the D.A.T.A. (Data Acquisition and Technical Analysis) engineers of the Oilfield Products Division, Dresser Industries, Inc., to approximate pressures ahead of the bit. This paper describes that technique. paper describes that technique. The basis for the procedure is the theory chat stratigraphic pressures are encapsulated in pressure seals and that these pressures can be approximated by measurement of the seal. Such measurements are the drillability and conductivity of the seal. Certain limitations presently exist in this technique, but field test results prove it to be an economical and effective tool for the drilling engineer to determine the course of a well. Introduction The petroleum industry has used numerous techniques to evaluate wireline logs and drilling equations for analyzing formation pressures. These techniques have been pressures. These techniques have been reasonably successful and have saved the industry time and money because of more efficient, economical drilling operations. TEXT The disadvantages of present formation analysis tests are that formation pressures below actual depth of the well (below the bit) cannot be estimated. Some good work is being done on interpretation of seismic data, however, for estimation of formation pressures before spudding a well. A technique has been proposed to estimate maximum pressures that could be encountered below a pressure seal immediately after a pressure seal has been penetrated and before any transition zone has been drilled. These seals have long been recognized and have been commented upon by numerous authors. In 1953, Dickerson said that high pressures must be effectively isolated by a pressures must be effectively isolated by a seal, otherwise pressures would be dissipated. Thomeer and Bottema in 1961, said that for safe drilling, the well must be drilled to safepoint in the caprock of the projected reservoir. In 1967, Boatman actually made shale density measurements of the seals in his investigations and thereby stated the fact. In 1970, Fertl and Timko recognized a sequence of such sealing barriers.
- North America > United States > Mississippi (0.36)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma > Osage County (0.24)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.48)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.36)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Uinta Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Utah > Uinta Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Anadarko Basin (0.99)
- (4 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)