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Abstract The Vaca Muerta Formation has been extensively studied as an unconventional play and is currently in a development stage at the center of the Neuquรฉn basin. However, some areas of the basin remain unexplored due to different kinds of geological risks. This contribution centers on the southern part of Mendoza Province and shows the studies carried out to evaluate the source rock as a potential shale reservoir and mitigate uncertainties associated with these risks. Structural and isopach maps were made using 2D and 3D seismic data. Petrophysical evaluation based on nearby well logs identified interesting intervals. Geochemical data collection yielded encouraging results for this source rock, including rich organic content (>2% TOC) and thermal maturity values showing early to mature oil generation window. Additionally, a geomechanical model was made and recalibrated using a DFIT from a close-by well. As a result of all these studies, some exploratory proposals were defined to assess the Vaca Muerta Formation's potential as an unconventional play in a frontier area. In 2023, a vertical pilot and two horizontal wells were drilled, validating the expected parameters and even exceeding them. Regional interpretation carried out gave rise to the extension of the potential exploration borders of Vaca Muerta Formation, revaluing a large area on the northern margin of the Colorado River. Introduction This study focuses on evaluating the potential of the Vaca Muerta Formation as an unconventional shale oil play. The aim was to expand the exploratory boundaries for this unit towards the southern region of Mendoza Province. Vaca Muerta Formation (Weaver, 1931, emend. Leanza 1972) serves as the primary source rock in Neuquรฉn Basin. It is characterized by its extensive areal distribution and represents the distal facies of a series of carbonate and/or mixed systems that were established in the basin between the early Tithonian and early Valanginian stages (Legarreta and Uliana, 1991; Legarreta et al., 1993). This unit ranks among the world's largest sources of unconventional hydrocarbons, ranking Argentina as the second-largest global resource holder for unconventional gas and fourth-largest for unconventional oil (EIA, 2013).
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia Region (1.00)
- South America > Argentina > Neuquรฉn Province > Neuquรฉn (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Jurassic > Upper Jurassic > Tithonian (0.54)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Cretaceous > Lower Cretaceous > Valanginian (0.54)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (0.76)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.56)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition (0.87)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (0.68)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.56)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquรฉn > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Mendoza > Neuquen Basin (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquรฉn > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Field > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.98)
- Oceania > Australia > Victoria > Bass Strait > Gippsland Basin (0.89)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale oil (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- (4 more...)
Geology Quality: A Method of Using 3D Geology Model Data for Completion and Fracturing Optimization in Horizontal Wells
Liu, Yuan (SLB, China) | Lei, Qihong (PetroChina Changqing Oil Company) | He, Youan (PetroChina Changqing Oil Company) | Huang, Tianjing (PetroChina Changqing Oil Company) | Ma, Shuwei (PetroChina Changqing Oil Company) | Ma, Fujian (SLB, China) | Li, Haoyan (SLB, China) | Luo, Yin (SLB, China)
Abstract Engineered completion designs consider reservoir quality (RQ) and completion quality (CQ) for horizontal well completion optimization. This is more effective than the geometric strategy that is sometimes used. However, both RQ and CQ are derived from the wellbore logs, which means the true geology and reservoir properties inside the geology model (e.g., the thickness of the pay zone or the properties of the rocks) are not fully utilized. That information is often hidden inside the 3D geological model grid properties, and the current completion and fracturing practice cannot use 3D data for optimizations. To address this challenge, we define geology quality (GQ) via 3D models, which aims to support completion and fracturing optimizations with geology considerations quantitatively. GQ is generated by projecting the total effective grid property to the wellbore, so that all the grid in 3D space that is potential for production contribution is cumulated on the nearest wellbore in the form of a 1D wellbore log. This allows GQ to be used in combination with RQ and CQ. While RQ and CQ answer the completion staging design and perforation refinement, GQ is especially useful for the design parameter variations of the hydraulic fracturing. Recently, the GQ concept was used in a six-well campaign in an Ordos shale oil project. In this case, GQ was generated based on the grid property of the 3D geology model. The fracturing parameters, particularly the volume and rate, were designed in proportion to the GQ level along the wellbore for each well. Chemical tracer was pumped into two wells to measure the contribution along the laterals, which also aimed to verify GQ practice. The production results from the campaign outperform the offset platforms and the tracer results from two wells match GQ calculations. GQ is an important new element to enrich the current existing geoengineering workflow. Case studies show the definition and application of GQ not just improve the consistency of the job design, execution, and evaluations, but also enhance the productivity of the well. The concept of using the 3D geology model quantitatively in the form of GQ ultimately helps to upgrade the engineered completion to the next level.
- Asia > China (0.70)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.47)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.68)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.38)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (0.94)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (0.69)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Pennsylvania > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- (9 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Well Completion > Completion Installation and Operations (1.00)
- (2 more...)
Re-Activation of Fractured Gas Reservoir with Active Bottom Water at the Late-Stage Development: A Success Story from Weiyuan Gas Field, China
Zhang, Tao (Southwest Petroleum University) | Ma, Guowen (Southwest Petroleum University) | Ye, Haifeng (CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd.) | Zhou, Lisha (CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. Ltd.) | Zhou, Hong (PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas field Company) | Zhao, Yulong (Southwest Petroleum University) | Zhang, Liehui (Southwest Petroleum University) | Zhang, Ruihan (Southwest Petroleum University)
Abstract It is widely recognized that economical gas production from water-drive gas reservoirs is a challenging task due to water incursion, especially for naturally fractured gas reservoirs with active bottom water. The presence of unwanted water production leads to early abandonment of these reservoirs, and their recovery factors are typically below 50%. Enhancing gas recovery has been a constant topic for petroleum engineers. In this work, a new development strategy has been presented to reactivate water-invaded gas reservoirs using a combination of horizontal and vertical wells. Around the water-breakthrough regions, horizontal wells are drilled with the target point at the original gas-water transition zone to produce the invaded water. The surrounding old vertical wells are then rescued to produce gas again. Microscale porous simulation and macroscale reservoir simulation have been conducted to reveal the re-activation mechanisms, and the successful application case in Weiyuan gas field has been analyzed in detail. Using the VOF (Volume of Fluid) calculation method and digital rocks, the invasion pathways of the bottom water up to the gas reservoir have been tracked, and quick water intrusion through the fractures has been observed. The invaded water is easily produced after drilling a horizontal well due to its large drainage area. As a result, the gas production rate of the original vertical wells (typically sited at the top of the reservoir) experiences a rise. Microscale two-phase flow behaviors are consistent with the reservoir simulation results of Weiyuan gas field, where the water saturation of the entire reservoir is significantly decreased if a horizontal well is implemented to produce water. In the gas field, 8 horizontal wells were drilled along the water-breakthrough regions during 2008-2014. The good field response indicates the strategyโs success since the original vertical wells in the near-horizontal-well region have returned to producing gas, confirming that the invaded water is produced and further water intrusion is avoided, preventing damage to the upper gas reservoirs. This proposed method offers a solution to the nearly abandoned carbonate gas reservoir, providing the possibility of further recovering the remaining gas resource. The successful application in Weiyuan gas field can serve as a valuable reference for similar types of gas reservoirs worldwide.
- Asia > China > Sichuan Province (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Borden County (0.24)
- Asia > China > Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region > Tarim Basin (0.99)
- Asia > China > Sichuan > Sichuan Basin > Weiyuan Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Sichuan > Sichuan Basin > Southwest Field > Longwangmiao Formation (0.99)
- (9 more...)
Dimensionless Pressures and Derivative Distribution of Two Interfering Horizontal and Vertical Wells in an Infinite Acting Reservoir
Emumena, E. (Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria) | Adewole, E. S. (Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria) | Ojah, M. G. (Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria)
Abstract One of the major guide in achieving a prolong oil production is the accurate description of the reservoir system. This description is essential in all aspects of petroleum engineering and is achievable through reservoir characterization by analytical models based on dimensionless pressures and derivative distribution of two interfering horizontal and vertical wells in an infinite acting isotropic reservoir. In this work, the Gringarten Model and solution to the dimensionless diffusivity equation using Laplace transform and modified Bessel equation is utilized in deriving a solution to the problem of interference testing of an active horizontal well in the presence of an active vertical well located in an infinite acting isotropic reservoir. The Excel and Python software were deployed to compute dimensionless pressures and derivative by the use of superposition principle. Larger magnitudes of dimensionless pressure and derivative would indicate higher oil production for any well design. The work investigates the effects of separation distance between active and observation wells, well lengths and wellbore radius on the pressure response at the observation well. The influence of the number of active wells, Locations and timing of activities of active wells on the pressure response at the observation well has also been investigated. The results obtained from this work can be applied in well placement and spacing decisions during field development as well as in understanding the positive or adverse effects caused by nearby wells during well tests.
- Africa > Nigeria (0.69)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma (0.46)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Drillstem/well testing (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring (1.00)
ABSTRACT The azimuthally resolved wellbore strain and geometry change provides a direct measure of the wellbore locations that are depleted due to production. As pore pressure decreases due to production, the stress field around borehole changes resulting in casing deformation which can be measured by field-scale downhole tools with high azimuthal resolution. It is shown that the shape of the wellbore is different in producing sections/clusters and non-producing sections/clusters along the well. A pad-scale geomechanically fracturing-flow simulator is used to perform life-cycle simulation of a horizontal well, from dynamic fracture propagation to long term pressure depletion. High levels of mesh refinement are used to obtain very fine meshes in the near wellbore region to simulate the deformation of the rock and the casing along the wellbore. Axial and radial strain is obtained as a function of space and time. The results show: a) the total stress around the casing is larger than the wellbore pressure, which leads to compressive deformation of the casing. The magnitude of the casing deformation is different along and around the casing due to the non-uniform pore pressure distribution; b) producing sections/clusters of the wellbore deform less but show larger ellipticity; c) resolution needed in the deformation measurements lies in the precision range of current downhole tools; d) bending deformation can occur due to non-symmetric fracture geometry or pressure depletion. Measurement of the ellipticity of the borehole as a function of measured depth should allow us to identify sections of the wellbore that are depleted (producing fluid) and sections that are not. INTRODUCTION The application of hydraulic fracturing in horizontal well contributes to the production of hydrocarbon resources from unconventional reservoirs with ultra-low permeability in the past decade. In contrast to vertical wells generally stimulated with only one single fracture, horizontal wells have many fractures created in a sequence of stages. During the stimulation treatment of each stage, multiple perforated clusters are fractured simultaneously along the horizontal wellbore, creating high-conductivity pathway between the tight rock matrix and wellbore. Therefore, the surface area available for the transport of hydrocarbon is increased by 3 orders of magnitude, leading to a corresponding rise in production rate.
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management (1.00)
Analysis of Re-Fracturing Effect of Horizontal Wells in Jimsar Shale Oil Field
Zhao, Kun (Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC) | Lu, Linmao (Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC) | He, Yongqing (Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC) | Li, Zeyang (Xinjiang Oilfield Company, CNPC) | Ren, Guangcong (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Ma, Xinfang (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Duan, Guifu (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC)
Abstract As the low permeability and porosity, some severe problems including rapid production decline and low recovery ratio usually occur in Jimsar Shale Oil Field. Re-fracturing of horizontal wells is a good treatment to improve oil production and recovery ratio by enlarging the contact area between the wellbore and reservoir. Therefore, the field tests of horizontal well re-fracturing were carried out in Jimsar shale oil reservoir. However, it varied in effect. In this paper, based on the engineering parameters of primary fracturing, a fuzzy evaluation model was established firstly to quantify the potentiality of candidate horizontal wells for re-fracturing. For the test wells, a production history match was completed using reservoir numerical simulation method and the oil saturation before re-fracturing was obtained. By comparing the location of high-saturation area and new perforation, rationality of re-fracturing stages selection is determined. Finally, comprehensively using fracturing pressure and microseismic data, the initiation and propagation areas re-fractured was obtained, which showed the location of new fractures. Above all, the reason for poor re-fracturing effect is analyzed. The results show that quantitative index of each test well ranks low among the candidate wells, which means the test wells have the low potentiality to be re-fractured. For the test wells, numerical simulation results show that new perforations of re-fracturing are not located in high-oil-saturation area. The fracturing pressure of re-fracturing stages is generally smaller than primary fracturing, and the microseismic event locates in highly depleted area, which means large quantities of fluid flow into primary fractures and few new fractures are created during re-fracturing.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.85)
- Asia > China > Shanxi > Ordos Basin > Changqing Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Shaanxi > Ordos Basin > Changqing Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Ningxia > Ordos Basin > Changqing Field (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing > Re-fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale oil (1.00)
- (2 more...)
A Novel Correction Method for Pressure Transient Analysis Results of Horizontal Wells in Stratified Carbonate Reservoir with High Permeability Zone
Ma, Ruicheng (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina) | Zhao, Zeqi (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina) | Li, Yong (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina) | Zou, Chunmei (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina) | Hu, Dandan (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina) | Chen, Yajing (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina) | Zhang, Leifu (Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina)
Abstract High permeability zone (HPZ) formed by sedimentation and diagenesis has been founded in numerous oil fields in Middle East. Meanwhile, horizontal well have been applied universally in these oil fields. To obtain wellbore status and reservoir properties, pressure transient analysis (PTA) is a convenient and economic surveillance method. However, when it comes to stratified reservoir, heterogeneity between layers should be noticed. Log-log plot of actual data will be far form ideal analytical solution with homogeneous hypothesis. Therefore, the interpreted results would not be representative for wellbore and reservoir condition. In this research, we proposed a novel correction mathematical model and correction workflow for PTA results of horizontal wells in stratified carbonate reservoir with HPZ. This research innovatively imports production performance analysis and other monitoring methods to PTA in the view of flow field. This new approach holds favorable potential to provide accurate wellbore status and reservoir parameters for making the most use of surveillance budget.
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Pressure transient analysis (1.00)
Defining Geologic Structure Encountered in Horizontal Well and its Impact on Petrophysical Evaluation
Su, Bo (China National Logging Corporation) | Ni, Huafeng (CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Ltd.) | Shi, Zhongyuan (CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Ltd.) | Guo, Kecai (China National Logging Corporation) | Lu, Mingyu (China National Logging Corporation) | Zhang, Yongdi (China National Logging Corporation) | Ding, Haikun (China National Logging Corporation) | Zhou, John (Maxwell Dynamics, Inc.)
Abstract In horizontal wells, the traditional formation evaluation can be effectively carried out only after the geometric relationship between the well trajectory and the target reservoir is correctly interpreted. With the omnipresence of horizontal wells nowadays, a priority in petrophysical uncertainty evaluation is to control the spatial uncertainty between the well path and the target formation. Because of the cost and technology access constraints, the set of logs in a typical horizontal well alone may not be adequate in fully defining the geometry. Consequently, constraints from the offset/pilot well logs, seismic images, and other geologic information are utilized to achieve an integrated geometric understanding. Through the analysis of a set of horizontal wells with extensive suite of LWD logs in a pilot study, this paper discusses the workflow to determine the geologic structure and fluid contact around the wellbore under complex geologic environment. The project evaluates the effectiveness of various combinations of LWD measurements to understand the role of geologic constraints in place of additional measurements. The investigation starts with the commonly applied log-correlation between neighboring wells, progresses to the inclusion of images for the geometric relationship between the well and bedding, and the addition of the advanced boundary-detection curtain sections around the wellbore to quantify the reservoir thickness and continuity wherever feasible. The lateral variation observed in horizontal wells improves our understanding of the reservoir extension and spatial variation. Modeling and inversion of logging tool responses and the understanding of the underlying response characteristics in various geologic environments also enable us to correct the environmental effects on some measurements to minimize the uncertainty in reserves computation and to understand the continuity of the fluid barrier. Field examples are presented with the focus on accounting for the complexity of the reservoir. In particular, the reality of gradual change in the saturation and/or shalyness does not fit nicely with the distance-to-boundary or DTB inversion model of step-variation in resistivity. In this pilot study, the service company provided a complete set of azimuth propagation resistivity logs for boundary-detection purpose. Therefore, the contribution of information content to the petrophysical evaluation by using various types of data is experimented. The project tells that the petrophysical evaluation must consider the spatial location of the wellbore inside the reservoir. The study provides workflow and examples to guide the interpretation sequence not commonly practiced otherwise.
- Asia > China (0.95)
- North America > United States (0.68)
- Well Drilling > Well Planning > Trajectory design (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
An Optimized NMR-Based Workflow for Accurate Porosity and Density Measurement of Drill Cuttings
Chen, Jin-Hong (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center, Houston) | Althaus, Stacey M. (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center, Houston) | Broyles, J. David (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center, Houston) | Boudjatit, Mohammed (Saudi Aramco)
Abstract The majority of petrophysical data has been gained from downhole logging and laboratory core measurement. Drill cuttings are easily available for all drilled wells and can provide reservoir data throughout all phases of field development. They can also provide continuous petrophysical measurements for both vertical and horizontal wells. Many different rock properties can be extracted from drill cuttings; however, quantitative petrophysical measurements from source rock drill cuttings remain a challenge. This paper presents an optimized NMR-based workflow to measure the porosities and densities of drill cuttings from unconventional source rock reservoirs. The workflow includes sample cleaning, particle size selection, saturation, NMR, and mass measurements. We will also discuss some inherent problems in petrophysical measurement of drill cuttings generated by the PDC drill bit. In this workflow, the first crucial step in obtaining quantitative data from drill cuttings is to clean the cuttings of mud contamination. We found that simultaneous ultrasonic bathing and shaking of the samples in a mesh basket submerged in diesel was very efficient to remove drilling mud additives. The process also automatically sieved to select the desired particle size for analysis, which was essential for accurate results. The sonication process saturated the drill cuttings to a certain degree. Further saturation was carried out using pressure. Saturated samples were then subjected to a series of mass and NMR measurements. For unconventional source rocks, NMR allows for separation of liquid signals from inside and outside the drill cutting particles. In combination with mass measurements, both in air and in diesel, the NMR technique provided accurate porosity and density data of the drill cuttings samples. The workflow measured porosity and density of real drill cuttings and crushed particulate samples. The results on crushed samples were in good agreement with other accepted lab techniques. Measurement errors on drill cuttings generated by the PDC drill bits were investigated. The workflow was applied to drill cuttings from a horizontal source rock well. The measured porosity from the cuttings changes significantly along the measured depth of the tested horizontal well, indicating that the studied horizontal well was drilled through a very heterogeneous formation. The result is consistent with the large formation heterogeneity measured on acquired whole cores from the same reservoir.
- North America (0.68)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.30)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.97)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (0.86)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (0.86)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Cuttings transport (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management (1.00)
A Review of Hydraulic Fracturing and Latest Developments in Unconventional Reservoirs
Temizel, Cenk (Saudi Aramco) | Canbaz, Celal Hakan (Ege University) | Palabiyik, Yildiray (ITU) | Hosgor, Fatma Bahar (Petroleum Experts LLC) | Atayev, Hakmyrat (ITU) | Ozyurtkan, Mustafa Hakan (ITU) | Aydin, Hakki (METU) | Yurukcu, Mesut (UTPB) | Boppana, Narendra (UTPB)
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is a widely accepted and applied stimulation method in the unconventional oil and gas industry. With the increasing attention to unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing technologies have developed and improved more in the last few years. This study explores all applications of hydraulic fracturing methods to a great extent. It can be used as a guideline study, covering all the procedures and collected data for conventional reservoirs by considering the limited parameters of unconventional reservoirs. This paper intends to be a reference article containing all the aspects of the hydraulic fracturing method. A comprehensive study has been created by having a wide scope of examinations from the applied mechanisms to the technological materials conveyed from the different industries to utilize this technique efficiently. Furthermore, this study analyses the method, worldwide applications, advantages and disadvantages, and comparisons in different unconventional reservoirs. Various case studies that examine the challenges and pros & cons of hydraulic fracturing are included. Hydraulic fracturing is a promising stimulation technique that has been widely applied worldwide. It is challenging due to the tight and nanoporous nature, low permeability, complex geological structure, and in-situ stress field in unconventional reservoirs. Consequently, economic conditions and various parameters should be analyzed individually in each case for efficient applications. Therefore, this study provides the primary parameters and elaborate analysis of the techniques applied for a successful stimulation under SPECIFIC circumstances and provides a full spectrum of information needed for unconventional field developments. All the results are evaluated and detailed for each field case by providing the principles of applying hydraulic fracturing technologies. Many literature reviews provide different examples of hydraulic fraction methods; however, no study covers and links up both the main parameters and learnings from real cases worldwide. This study will fill this gap and illuminate the application of the hydraulic fracturing method.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > United States > North Dakota (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- (4 more...)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.67)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.45)
- Overview > Innovation (0.45)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Shale Play > Shale Gas Play (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.94)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Passive Seismic Surveying > Microseismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.67)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing > Multistage fracturing (1.00)
- (20 more...)