Layer | Fill | Outline |
---|
Map layers
Theme | Visible | Selectable | Appearance | Zoom Range (now: 0) |
---|
Fill | Stroke |
---|---|
Collaborating Authors
Results
Results from a Collaborative Industry Study on Parent/Child Interactions: Bakken, Permian Basin, and Montney
McClure, Mark (ResFrac Corporation) | Albrecht, Magdalene (SM Energy) | Bernet, Carl (Ovintiv) | Cipolla, Craig (Hess Corporation) | Etcheverry, Kenneth (Ovintiv) | Fowler, Garrett (ResFrac Corporation) | Fuhr, Aaron (SM Energy) | Gherabati, Amin (Ovintiv) | Johnston, Michelle (Arc Resources) | Kaufman, Peter (Hess Corporation) | MacKay, Mason (Arc Resources) | McKimmy, Michael (Birchcliff Energy) | Miranda, Carlos (Hess Corporation) | Molina, Claudia (Ovintiv) | Ponners, Christopher (ResFrac Corporation) | Ratcliff, Dave (ResFrac Corporation) | Rondon, Janz (ResFrac Corporation) | Singh, Ankush (ResFrac Corporation) | Sinha, Rohit (Marathon Oil) | Sung, Anthony (Marathon Oil) | Xu, Jian (Marathon Oil) | Yeo, John (Birchcliff Energy) | Zinselmeyer, Rob (Arc Resources)
Abstract This paper presents results from a collaborative industry study involving ten high-quality pad-scale datasets from the Delaware Basin, Midland Basin, Bakken, and Montney. The study had three primary goals: (a) compare/contrast observations between each dataset, (b) identify general strategies that can be used to mitigate parent/child impacts, and (c) provide concrete recommendations to optimize fracture design and well placement. For each dataset, an integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulation model was constructed and history matched to the observations. The models were calibrated to production data and pressure measurements, as well as to diagnostics such as: distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), microseismic, downhole imaging, chemical tracers, geochemical production allocations, and pressure observations from offset wells. History matching was performed by varying formation properties and model inputs to ensure consistency with the observations. Once the models were calibrated, the same set of approximately 120 sensitivity analysis simulations was performed on each model. Finally, an automated algorithm was used to quantitatively optimize fracture design and well placement to maximize economic performance. At each step in the process, the results were analyzed to identify the similarities and differences between the datasets and to explain why. The results show how differences in stratigraphy, well configuration, fracture design, and formation properties drive differences in parent/child phenomena. Optimal strategies to mitigate challenges depend on these site-specific conditions. Negative impacts from parent/child interactions cannot be entirely avoided. There is no strategy that can prevent the most important cause of child well underperformance โ that wells are attempting to produce hydrocarbons from rock that has already been significantly depleted by parent well production. However, strategic design choices and quantitative economic optimization can significantly improve net present value and return on investment.
- Research Report > New Finding (0.48)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.34)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (35 more...)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing > Fracturing materials (fluids, proppant) (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > History matching (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Drillstem/well testing (1.00)
- (8 more...)
"In offshore and coastal engineering, metocean refers to the syllabic abbreviation of meteorology and (physical) oceanography" (Wikipedia). Metocean research covers dynamics of the oceaninterface environments: the air-sea surface, atmospheric boundary layer, upper ocean, the sea bed within the wavelength proximity (~100 m for wind-generated waves), and coastal areas. Metocean disciplines broadly comprise maritime engineering, marine meteorology, wave forecast, operational oceanography, oceanic climate, sediment transport, coastal morphology, and specialised technological disciplines for in-situ and remote sensing observations. Metocean applications incorporate offshore, coastal and Arctic engineering; navigation, shipping and naval architecture; marine search and rescue; environmental instrumentation, among others. Often, both for design and operational purposes the ISSC community is interested in Metocean Extremes which include extreme conditions (such as extreme tropical or extra-tropical cyclones), extreme events (such as rogue waves) and extreme environments (such as Marginal Ice Zone, MIZ). Certain Metocean conditions appear extreme, depending on applications (e.g.
- Europe > United Kingdom > England (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (1.00)
- Asia > Japan (1.00)
- (16 more...)
- Summary/Review (1.00)
- Research Report > New Finding (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.67)
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (0.65)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling (0.45)
- Transportation > Passenger (1.00)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (1.00)
- (36 more...)
- Europe > Denmark > North Sea > Danish Sector > Central Graben > Block 5504/12 > Tyra Field (0.99)
- Europe > Denmark > North Sea > Danish Sector > Central Graben > Block 5504/11 > Tyra Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Colorado > Ice Field (0.98)
- (18 more...)
- Well Drilling > Well Planning > Trajectory design (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drillstring Design > Drill pipe selection (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- (53 more...)
Abstract Multistage hydraulic fractured horizontal wells (MHFHWs) are widely used in most shale gas reservoirs around the world. Hydraulic fracturing treatment can create hydraulic fractures and activate existing natural fractures to generate a complex fracture network to significantly improve the well performance. For precise production prediction, it is critical to recongnize the spatial extent and properties of the hydraulic fracture network with multiple data such as production history, microseismic et al. In this study, a novel method that combines the automatical history matching technology and embedded discrete fracture modeling (EDFM) is proposed for the recongnizing the spatial extent and properties of fracture network for MHFHWs. For each hydraulic fracturing stage, the fracture network is parameterized by a set of uncertain parameters, including the length of major fracture, width of the stimulated area, fracture density, fracture permeability, etc. Using these parameters, realizations of the fracture network are generated. The production predictions are obtained by running reservoir simulations with EDFM in which all fractures are embedded into a background grid system, and the automatical history matching method is applied to perform history matching. The proposed approach is validated using synthetic single- well and double-well cases. The results show that the spatial extent and properties of the hydraulic fracture network can be well recognized and that the production history can be well matched. Considering that microseismic surveillance is often currently performed in shale gas reservoirs, the prior constraint of microseismic data is also investigated in this work. When microseismic data are available, an area with effective microseismic events for each fracturing stage is first defined. The events within the effective area are used to generate discrete fractures, and the events outside of the effective area are abandoned. Furthermore, the shape parameters of the area with effective microseismic events (wet events) are gradually modified by assimilating the production data. A real field case with microseismic data in the Sichuan Basin of China is investigated to test the performance of the proposed method. Reasonable results are obtained, thus demonstrating the robustness of the proposed approach.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > China > Sichuan Province (0.24)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.93)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.57)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Naturally-fractured reservoirs (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
Unlocking Unconventional Reservoir for Optimum Production Through Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Approach - A Case Study
M. Faskhoodi, Majid (Schlumberger) | Damani, Akash (Schlumberger) | Kanneganti, Kousic (Schlumberger) | Zaluski, Wade (Schlumberger) | Ibelegbu, Charles (Schlumberger) | Qiuguo, Li (Schlumberger) | Xu, Cindy (Schlumberger) | Mukisa, Herman (Schlumberger) | Ali Lahmar, Hakima (Schlumberger) | Andjelkovic, Dragan (Schlumberger) | Perez Michi, Oscar (Schlumberger) | Zhmodik, Alexey (Schlumberger) | Rivero, Jose A. (Schlumberger) | Ameuri, Raouf (Schlumberger)
Abstract To unlock unconventional reservoirs for optimum production, maximum contact with the reservoir is required; however, excessively dense well placement and hydraulic fractures interconnection is a source of well-to-well interaction which impairs production significantly. The first step to have successful and effective well completion is to understand the characteristics of the hydraulic fractures and how they propagate in reservoir. This paper demonstrates an integrated approach with a field example in the Montney formation for how modern modeling techniques were used to understand and optimize hydraulic fracture parameters in unconventional reservoir. Advanced logs from vertical wells and 3D-seismic were used to build an integrated geological model. Lamination index analysis was performed, using borehole imagery data to account for interaction of hydraulic fracture with vertically segregated rock fabric and to provide additional control on hydraulic fracture height growth during modeling process. A non-uniform Discrete-Fracture-Network (DFN) model was constructed. 3D-geo-mechanical model was built and initialized, using sonic log and seismic data. Fluid friction and leak-off was calibrated, using treatment pressure and DFIT data. Hydraulic fracture modeling was done for pad consists of 6 horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing treatments, by utilizing actual pumped schedules and calibrating it against microseismic data. High-stress anisotropy led to planar hydraulic fractures despite presence of natural fractures in area. Fracturing sequence, i.e., effect of stress shadow, is seen to have major impact on hydraulic fracture geometry and propped surface area. Heatmaps were generated to estimate average stimulated and propped rock volume in section. It was also observed that rock fabrics, i.e., natural fracture and lamination has considerable impact on propagation of hydraulic fracture. Multiple realizations of natural fracture and lamination distribution were generated and used as an input in modeling process. High resolution unstructured simulation grids were generated to capture fracture dimensions and conductivities, as well as track propped and unpropped regions in stimulation network. Dynamic model was constructed and calibrated against historical production data. History matched model was then used as predictive tool for pad development optimization and to evaluate parent-child interaction in depleted environment.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- North America > Canada > Alberta (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > New Mexico > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation (0.99)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing > Multistage fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Naturally-fractured reservoirs (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > History matching (1.00)
- (5 more...)
Building Multifrac Completion Strategies in Tight Gas Reservoirs: A North Sea Case
Buijs, Hernรกn (Wintershall Dea Headquarters) | Guerra, Clairet (Wintershall Dea Headquarters) | Sonwa, Roger (Wintershall Dea Headquarters) | Nami, Patrick (Wintershall Dea Headquarters) | Vecchia, Luciano (Wintershall Noordzee B.V) | Ishmuratov, Roman (Wintershall Noordzee B.V)
Abstract Hydraulic fracture design driven by multi-disciplinary collaboration can maximize the production potential of complex multi-frac horizontal wells. Integration of multiple information sources (i.e.: geological, dynamic and geomechanical data) allows to build representative models and have proven to improve modelling towards a realistic understanding of tight reservoir performance of several multi-fracced wells. 3D properties encompassing the reservoir geological heterogeneity, pore pressure, mechanical elasticity and state of stress were utilized to develop a strategy to fracture stimulate a horizontal wellbore in the North Sea Region. The study was instrumental to build fit-for-purpose hydraulic fracture designs by incorporating state of stress changes related to pore pressure depletion on different faulted compartments supported by a reservoir dynamic simulation. Such models provided meaningful value to optimize the well trajectory used to access the host rock, understand fracture height growth possibilities in different compartments and define the number/size of hydraulic fractures required for optimum production.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.93)
- Europe > Netherlands > North Sea (0.84)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea (0.70)
- (2 more...)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquรฉn > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.99)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Anglo-Dutch Basin > Broad Fourteens Basin (0.99)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Deep Basin > Groundbirch Field > Montney Formation (0.98)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > History matching (1.00)
- (8 more...)
Abstract This paper extends the single well reservoir modeling concepts documented in Raterman et al. 2019 to a multiwell pilot. The analysis integrates multiple data sources to provide a holistic view of spatial drainage and interwell interference in a multiwell context. The pilot employed a four well staggered high-low configuration. All wells were kitted with bottom hole pressure and fiber optics. A vertical well was employed to monitor microseismic and pressure during the completion and production phases of the pilot. In-well and cross-well DAS, DTS and pressure data were integrated in a full pattern reservoir model to history match production, interwell interference and far field pressure data. The history matched model indicates that spatial drainage remains somewhat localized and patchy in the interwell context given the pilot spacing and completion designs. Interference between wells is significant and is largely mediated through high conductivity, limited volume conduits between wells. Although these conduits facilitate interference, a strong competitive drainage scenario between wells is not concluded. These insights are invaluable in determining the efficacy of the employed completion and spacing design; and suggest further improvements for future designs. Finally, the model was extended to analyze a Pump-into-Parent (PIP) test conducted in a partially depleted pilot producer. Fracture dilation was evidenced. Introduction In the quest for optimal well spacing and stacking configurations in shale plays, it is an oft-stated presumption that interwell interference is to be avoided (Fiallos, et al., Rucker, et al.). It is our experience, however, that communication between wells is established via hydraulic fracturing to distances routinely exceeding 1000 feet (Raterman, et.al., 2018); hundreds of feet beyond what would be considered an appropriate interwell spacing distance for tight rocks. Moreover, it appears that interwell communication is established fairly early in the pumping operation suggesting that even a radical alteration of the completion design may have limited impact on the outcome. Therefore, it would seem that the likelihood of interference is a fact of life and must be dealt with in the context of single well production degradation as a function of interwell distances, stacking configuration, completion design and potential parent well interactions.
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale gas (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > History matching (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Nuances and Frequently Asked Questions in Field-Scale Hydraulic Fracture Modeling
McClure, Mark (ResFrac Corporation) | Picone, Matteo (ResFrac Corporation) | Fowler, Garrett (ResFrac Corporation) | Ratcliff, Dave (ResFrac Corporation) | Kang, Charles (ResFrac Corporation) | Medam, Soma (ResFrac Corporation) | Frantz, Joe (ResFrac Corporation)
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulation are used by operators in shale to optimize design parameters such as well spacing, cluster spacing, and injection schedule. In this paper, we address โfreqently asked questionsโ that we encounter when working on hydraulic fracture modeling projects with operators. First, we discuss three high-level topics: (1) data-driven and physics-based models, (2) the modeling workflow, and (3) planar-fracture modeling versus โcomplex fracture networkโ modeling. Next, we address specific technical topics related to modeling and the overall physics of hydraulic fracturing: (1) interrelationships between cluster spacing and other design parameters, (2) processes affecting fracture size, (3) fracture symmetry/asymmetry, (4) proppant settling versus trapping, (5) applications of Rate-Transient Analysis (RTA), (6) net pressure matching, (7) Initial Shut-In Pressure (ISIP) trends along the wellbore, and (8) the effect of understressed/underpressured layers. We discuss practical modeling decisions in the context of field observations.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- Europe (0.93)
- Overview (0.46)
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) (0.40)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.51)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Shale Play (0.47)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing > Fracturing materials (fluids, proppant) (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale gas (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Naturally-fractured reservoirs (1.00)
- (7 more...)
Integrated Characterization of the Fracture Network in Fractured Shale Gas ReservoirsโStochastic Fracture Modeling, Simulation and Assisted History Matching
Wu, Yonghui (China University of Petroleum-Beijing, and Texas A&M University) | Cheng, Linsong (China University of Petroleum-Beijing) | Killough, John E. (Texas A&M University) | Huang, Shijun (China University of Petroleum-Beijing) | Fang, Sidong (Sinopec Exploration and Production Research Institute) | Jia, Pin (China University of Petroleum-Beijing) | Cao, Renyi (China University of Petroleum-Beijing) | Xue, Yongchao (China University of Petroleum-Beijing)
Abstract The large uncertainty in fracture characterization for shale gas reservoirs seriously affects the confidence in making forecasts, fracturing design, and taking recovery enhancement measures. This paper presents a workflow to characterize the complex fracture networks (CFNs) and reduce the uncertainty by integrating stochastic CFNs modeling constrained by core and microseismic data, reservoir simulation using a novel edge-based Green element method (eGEM), and assisted history matching based on Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). In this paper, the geometry of CFNs is generated stochastically constrained by the measurements of hydraulic fracturing treatment, core, and microseismic data. A stochastic parameterization model is used to generate an ensemble of initial realizations of the stress-dependent fracture conductivities of CFNs. To make the eGEM practicable for reservoir simulation, a steady-state fundamental solution is applied to the integral equation, and the technique of local grid refinement (LGR) is applied to refine the domain grids near the fractures. Finally, assisted-history-matching based on EnKF is implemented to calibrate the DFN models and further quantify the uncertainties in the fracture characterization. The proposed technique is tested using a multi-stage fractured horizontal well from a shale gas field. After analyzing the history matching results, the proposed integrated workflow is shown to be efficient in characterizing fracture networks and reducing the uncertainties. The advantages are exhibited in several aspects. First, the eGEM-based Discrete-Fracture Model (DFM) is shown to be quite efficient in assisted history matching of large field applications because of eGEMโs high precision with coarse grids. This enables simulations of CFNs without upscaling the fractures using continuum approaches. In addition, CFNs geometry can be generated with the constraints of core and microseismic data, and a primary conductivity of CFNs can be generated using the hydraulic fracturing treatment data. Moreover, the uncertainties for CFNs characterization and EUR predictions can be further reduced with the application of EnKF in assimilating the production data. This paper provides an efficient integrated workflow to characterize the fracture networks in fractured unconventional reservoirs. This workflow, which incorporated several efficient techniques including fracture network modeling, simulation and calibration, can be readily used in field applications. In addition, various data sources could be assimilated in this workflow to reduce the uncertainty in fracture characterization, including hydraulic fracturing treatment, core, microseismic and production data.
- Asia (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.93)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.92)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale gas (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Naturally-fractured reservoirs (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Co-Development of Multiple Targets in Permian Unconventional Reservoirs
Cao, Richard (Shell Exploration and Production Co.) | Chen, Chaohui (Shell Exploration and Production Co.) | Girardi, Alejandro (Shell Exploration and Production Co.) | Li, Ruijian (Shell Exploration and Production Co.) | Chowdhury, Nitin (Shell Exploration and Production Co.)
Abstract Optimum co-development layout of multiple targets for unconventional reservoirs is extremely challenging due to complex 3-dimentional well interactions, stochastic well performance, complex fracture geometry, dynamic SRV/DRV evolution, heterogeneous rock properties, various operating conditions, and different economic drivers. In this study, an integrated workflow is developed and applied for co-development of multiple targets in Permian unconventional reservoirs. In this workflow, the field pilot and trial measurements, Microseismic, geochemistry measurement, data analytics, detailed geomechanical and reservoir modeling, stochastic multiple history matching and forecast, all combined to quantify the horizontal and vertical interference factors and obtain production profiles for different co-development designs. The stochastic behavior of the well performance is explored from three different aspects: static rock properties, dynamic fracturing, and production. The SRV/DRV evolution are presented as the probability distribution function of half fracture length from Microseismic data and effective drainage half-length from stochastic modeling.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.30)
- North America > United States > New Mexico (0.30)
- North America > Canada (0.28)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea (0.25)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (23 more...)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale gas (0.94)
- (3 more...)
Abstract The present study provides a comprehensive set of new analytical expressions to help understand and quantify well interference due to competition for flow space between the hydraulic fractures of parent and child wells. Determination of the optimum fracture spacing is a key factor to improve the economic performance of unconventional oil and gas resources developed with multi-well pads. Analytical and numerical model results are combined in our study to identify, analyze, and visualize the streamline patterns near hydraulic fractures, using physical parameters that control the flow process, such as matrix permeability, hydraulic fracture dimensions and assuming infinite fracture conductivity. The algorithms provided can quantify the effect of changes in fracture spacing on the production performance of both parent and child wells. All results are based on benchmarked analytical methods which allow for fast computation, making use of Excel-based spreadsheets and Matlab-coded scripts. Such practical tools can support petroleum engineers in the planning of field development operations. The theory is presented with examples of its practical application using field data from parent and child wells in the Eagle Ford shale (Brazos County, East Texas). Based on our improved understanding of the mechanism and intensity of production interference, the fracture spacing (this study) and inter-well spacing (companion study) of multi-fractured horizontal laterals can be optimized to effectively stimulate the reservoir volume to increase the overall recovery factor and improve the economic performance of unconventional oil and gas properties.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Shale Play (0.88)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock (0.35)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale oil (1.00)
- (10 more...)