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Abstract In a deep gas wells drilling project, due to surface location limitations, predetermined target, and completion requirements, an S shape well profile is required. The well type is one of the most challenging due to the extended tangent section, increasing the risk of differential sticking, hole cleaning, extended reaming while tripping, and losses risk from the fracture-prone formation. An aggressive target at the outmost reservoir boundary is determined, requiring delivery of the furthest step-out S shape well, demanding more advanced technology and rigorous well planning. Comprehensive well planning and strategy, utilizing cutting-edge technology to achieve the furthest step-out S shape well. โThorough offset wells analysis, identifying best drilling practices for the most critical S shape directional section. โModified S shape well design, dividing two directional sections to enable reaching desired reservoir target. โLatest generation of RSS technology with a more robust system and improved tool reliability, enabling the achievement of required DLS in high drilling dynamic conditions. โOptimized BHA design, improved drilling fluid design, and LCM strategy, enabling the achievement of maximum drilling parameters while minimizing differential sticking and losses risk. โSpecific casing and light cementing design strategy in the extensive S shape section allowing the casing to reach the bottom smoothly and avoid losses risk while cementing due to higher ECD. High drilling performance was achieved within the S shape well type in the field with no downhole tool failure nor drilling complexity and meeting desired well trajectory. High losses risk in the section and differential sticking was avoided, ensuring close adherence to drilling fluid parameters with bridge and seal strategy while drilling. The determined reservoir target was successfully reached with a total horizontal displacement of 3,140 ft (~1 km), resulting in the longest step-out S shape well in the deep gas well project. No wiper trip was required prior to running casing following best drilling practices and drilling fluid design and strategy prior to POOH the BHA. The casing string was able to run smoothly in the field's longest open hole section, with less than maximum rig hoisting capacity, following low drag friction factor to the casing point. The cementing job was performed using a real-time top of cement identifier and was further performed successfully without inducing any losses using a light slurry strategy and met the objective to seal off the reservoir formation. The novel holistic strategy encompasses cutting-edge technology utilization, Innovative well construction design, optimized BHA and drilling strategy, drilling fluid strategy, and specific measures in the casing and cementing design and execution, resulting in successfully delivering the longest step-out S Shape well in a deep gas drilling project. Collaboration from a team consisting of multi-technical expertise is also crucial to efficiently design and execute the work, leading to successful well delivery.
- Asia > Kazakhstan > Mangystau Oblast > Precaspian Basin > Tengiz Field > Tengiz Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Kazakhstan > Mangystau Oblast > Precaspian Basin > Tengiz Field > Korolev Formation (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Well Planning > Trajectory design (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drillstring Design > Drill pipe selection (1.00)
- (6 more...)
Abstract The wells were drilled in the Al Nouf field which is part of The Northeast Bab (NEB) fields comprise three major structures containing some of ADNOC Onshore's largest oil reserves namely Al Nouf, Rumaitha and Shanayel, covering approximately 1,200 square kilometers and located approximately 60 km west of Abu Dhabi city. The main hydrocarbon reservoirs in these structures are Kharaib-2 (Thamama Zones โBโ) and Kharaib-1 (Thamama Zones โCโ). The Al Nouf field lies on a coastal/shallow marine area and presents special environmental concerns due to the proximity of delicate coastal ecologies, while the Rumaitha and Shanayel fields are located entirely onshore, in a desert region some 30 km onshore from the coastline. The wells drilled in Al Nouf fields are cluster ERD wells with 10m spacing which are deviated from the surface. The drilling challenges include surface collision risks, unconsolidated surface formations in the surface section and total loss zones, and highly reactive shales in the intermediate section. Extensive back reaming while pulling the string out of hole may be required, with challenges often localized across problematic formations but also spreading across the entire open hole section. Mud rheology modifications have not proved effective in mitigating back-reaming events, so a new approach has been investigated consisting of the integration of a reaming stabilizer within the bottom hole assembly (BHA). The customized reaming stabilizer is designed with passive Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters mounted on the leading and trailing edges of the blades, while Tungsten Carbide Inserts (TCI) are fitted along the gauge. The tool replaced the upper-most conventional stabilizer to provide a much more efficient reaming ability while limiting any impact on the directional behavior and bending stress state of the BHA. The paper will discuss how the substitution of conventional stabilizers within the drilling BHA with dedicated reaming stabilizers resulted in significant improvement in the wellbore condition, allowing drilling and back-reaming operations to be more efficient, and has ultimately helped drive the well construction cost down.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.89)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock (0.38)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE > Abu Dhabi > Rub' al Khali Basin > Shanayel Field > Thamama Group Formation (0.94)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE > Abu Dhabi > Rub' al Khali Basin > Rumaitha Field > Thamama Group Formation (0.94)
- Asia > Middle East > Qatar > Arabian Gulf > Arabian Basin > Arabian Gulf Basin > Block 6 > Al Khalij Field > Laffan Formation (0.94)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid management & disposal (1.00)
- (2 more...)
Optimization of Lead Cement Slurry for Use on Utica Deep Intermediate Casing Strings
Winegarden, Jason Alex (NexTier Completion Solutions) | Thomas, Tyler Robert (NexTier Completion Solutions) | Solomon, Marvin Vincent (NexTier Completion Solutions) | Townsend, Douglas Eric (NexTier Completion Solutions) | Algadi, Otman (NexTier Completion Solutions)
Abstract The depth of the Utica formation poses many challenges during drilling operations. In Belmont, Jefferson, and Monroe counties of Ohio, lateral sections are often drilled with mud weights from 13.5 to 15.5 lb/gal. To support these mud weights, the various loss and flow zones encountered above the pay zone must be isolated by a deep intermediate casing. This paper describes the process of optimizing a cement slurry that is light enough to be circulated to surface in a single stage but also has additional properties to ensure that the potential corrosive formations are properly isolated and the casing has long-term protection from damage. The process compares the properties of four cement slurries in the 12-to-12.5lb/gal density range. Conventional tests were performed on each slurry (thickening time, free fluid, fluid loss, and compressive strength). Linear expansion tests determined whether the slurries would be capable of providing a long-term seal, against both formation and casing, to mitigate gas migration and annular pressure buildup. In addition, the team performed initial permeability tests for each slurry. Single-stage jobs were executed using three of the four newly formulated slurries, and this paper presents the success of those jobs as well.
- North America > United States > Ohio (0.55)
- North America > United States > West Virginia (0.34)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid management & disposal (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Casing and Cementing > Cement formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Casing and Cementing > Casing design (1.00)
Compressible Carbon: Particle Behavior in Drilling Fluids and Field-Scale Deployment
Petersen, Thomas (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Wu, Qian (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Liu, Nanjun (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | OโDonnell, Brian J. (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Korn, Gene (ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company) | Hewitt, Parker (ExxonMobil Upstream Integrated Solutions) | Zhou, Changjun (Superior Graphite Co.)
Abstract Annular pressure buildup (APB) can occur due to an increase in fluid temperature during the production of hot reservoir fluids, geomechanical loading from the surrounding rock formation, and hydraulic connectivity to pressurized reservoirs. In this study, a novel, compressible, carbonaceous fluids additive was deployed and tested for APB mitigation in a well-scale field trial. The additive is shown to appreciably reduce pressure changes in trapped, downhole volumes by increasing the fluid mixture's compressibility and reducing its thermal expansivity. The proposed additive, referred to as compressible carbon, is a granular spongy carbon with an internal porosity that remains closed to fluid ingress. Lab-scale results demonstrate the durability of compressible carbon in high temperature and high pressure environments when immersed in typical drilling fluids. At a loading of 20% by volume, the use of carbon reduced pressure buildup by 30%-50% relative to reference measurements performed in fluids without carbon. Moreover, the particles showed no long-term relaxation while being held at 10,000 psi and 220ยฐF for up to three months, and exhibited only a marginal loss in reversible compressibility over 100s of pressure cycles between 500psi and 13,500psi. Following the material's characterization in the lab, field trial results were collected during the deployment and testing of carbon in two unconventional land wells above the cemented section of the production-by-intermediate annulus. Wireline logging on both wells confirmed minimal fluid losses to the formation and an adequate cement barrier that reached above the outer-lying casing shoes. Field-scale performance of compressible carbon was confirmed by pressuring up on the annuli at surface and comparing the injection volumes to those collected on an offset well without carbon. Although alternate methods of reducing pressure buildup in wells exist, compressible carbon is a versatile new material that provides repeated APB relief across the pressure ranges that are relevant to deepwater wells. To minimize the risk of first application in deepwater wells, successful deployment and expected performance were demonstrated in two unconventional land wells, paving the way for subsequent applications offshore.
- Research Report > New Finding (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.66)
- Geology > Mineral (0.68)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.48)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.68)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid management & disposal (1.00)
- (5 more...)
Innovative Spacer Solution to Control Losses While Cementing in Permeable and Depleted Formations
Vasquez, Jorge (Halliburton) | Flores, Anibal (Halliburton) | Anggarawinata, Rama (Halliburton) | Thien, Victor Hung Jie (Halliburton) | Chan, Lakmun (Brunei Shell Petroleum) | Haji Yaakub, Nur Izzah (Brunei Shell Petroleum)
Abstract Drilling and cementing across permeable, naturally fractured, and depleted formations have become some of the most common challenges across the world. A major operator in Offshore Brunei was facing similar challenges across such formations. The primary objective of the cementing job across this difficult formation was to isolate shallow hydrocarbon zones. Achieving desired top of cement (TOC) without inducing losses was the major design challenge. Drilling across such formation generally leads to loss circulation scenarios. This makes subsequent cementing operation more challenging. In order to minimize losses during the cement job, an innovative tailored spacer system was designed and pumped immediately before the cement slurry. This tailored spacer system not only helped in mud removal and wellbore cleaning but also helped to mitigate losses during cementing. Spacer and cement slurry density and rheology was optimized with the help of an advanced hydraulic simulator and industry leading computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. To check the effectiveness of the spacer system, several laboratory tests were conducted to determine the spacer system's ability to plug a porous medium. Specialized particle suspension analysis was conducted to assure that the spacer design can maintain the fluid system's solid transport stability under both dynamic and shutdown periods. This helped to avoid plugging off restrictions such as critical flow paths in float equipment and the liner hanger. To validate the spacer design, several field jobs were executed for surface, intermediate and production casing scenarios. For each job the spacer design was tailored for the wellbore condition based on the severity of losses. For such jobs, initial purely hydraulic simulations predicted the possibility of losses. No losses or substantially reduced losses were noted for the cement jobs where this tailored spacer system was used. These results validated that the tailored spacer helped to mitigate the loss potential from the hydrostatic pressure. Top of cement was also validated based on fluids returns to surface and final displacement pressure. The first cement job using this innovative spacer system was executed for a 13-3/8inch surface casing job in Q3-2020. 100 bbls of an 11 ppg spacer was pumped across a permeable formation ahead of the cement slurry. Cement returns were observed at surface. Since the first job, 14 cement jobs using this innovative spacer system have been successfully executed in offshore Brunei for various casing sizes.
- Asia > Brunei (0.59)
- Asia > Middle East (0.47)
- Asia > Azerbaijan > Caspian Sea > Apsheron-Pribalkhan Ridge > South Caspian Basin > Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli Field > Guneshli Field > Sabunchi Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Azerbaijan > Caspian Sea > Apsheron-Pribalkhan Ridge > South Caspian Basin > Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli Field > Guneshli Field > Podkirmaku (PK) Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Azerbaijan > Caspian Sea > Apsheron-Pribalkhan Ridge > South Caspian Basin > Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli Field > Guneshli Field > Nadkirmaku (NKP) Sand Formation (0.99)
- (3 more...)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid management & disposal (1.00)
- (2 more...)
Making hole has become a more difficult and complex operation as operators move into untapped horizons, especially deepwater and unconventional fields. It is this increased difficulty that is driving a growing number of companies to invest millions of dollars in advanced materials that seek to make drilling wells easier. The technologies many are working on involve not mechanical systems, but advanced chemistry and physical science. Some are using nanoparticles and others are reworking older technologies by adding new substances, all in an effort to make the undrillable drillable. Those reaching for this prize include teams of university researchers, young technology startups, and established firms that are buying intellectual property from others so they can join the race.
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- (5 more...)
Making hole has become a more difficult and complex operation as operators move into untapped horizons, especially deepwater and unconventional fields. It is this increased difficulty that is driving a growing number of companies to invest millions of dollars in advanced materials that seek to make drilling wells easier. The technologies many are working on involve not mechanical systems, but advanced chemistry and physical science. Some are using nanoparticles and others are reworking older technologies by adding new substances, all in an effort to make the undrillable drillable. Those reaching for this prize include teams of university researchers, young technology startups, and established firms that are buying intellectual property from others so they can join the race.
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- (5 more...)
Improving Cement Bond and Zonal Isolation in Deviated Production Casing Through the Application of a New Generation Environmentally Friendly Enhanced Spacer System
Al-Ajmi, Abdullah (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Rushoud, Abdulaziz (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Naqa, Faisal (Kuwait Oil Company) | Chouhan, Manoj (Kuwait Oil Company) | Al-Mekhlef, Alanoud (Kuwait Oil Company) | Alasoosy, Fawaz (Baker Hughes) | Albohamad, Dalal (Baker Hughes) | Alshab, Mustafa (Baker Hughes) | Ismail, Maizura (Baker Hughes)
Abstract A successful cement job is a crucial element of obtaining and maintaining well integrity and ensuring safe and efficient hydrocarbon production. The success of cementation starts with a full understanding of good parameters such as formation characteristics and depends on a properly designed slurry and spacer system. The most challenging part of cementing a wellbore is cementing one with a low fracture gradient. There's a high risk of formation breakdowns and hole instability if maximum allowable equivalent circulation densities (ECDs) are exceeded. In addition to severe losses and formation damage, the outcome includes inefficient placement of the cement that warrants time-consuming and costly operations to assure zonal isolation. In Kuwait, first trial of a new generation of an environmentally friendly enhanced aqueous spacer system was used successfully in a highly deviated well for cementing the production casing covering shale formations. This paper discusses the design of the enhanced aqueous system and its technical features and benefits, which helped improve the cement bond and achieve zonal isolation.
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Sabriyah Field > Marrat Formation > Upper Marrat Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Sabriyah Field > Marrat Formation > Sargelu Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Sabriyah Field > Marrat Formation > Sabiriyah Mauddud (SAMA) Formation (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Kuwait > Jahra Governorate > Arabian Basin > Widyan Basin > Sabriyah Field > Marrat Formation > SAMA Formation (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid management & disposal (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Casing and Cementing > Cement and bond evaluation (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (0.95)
- (3 more...)
Well planning is perhaps the most demanding aspect of drilling engineering. It requires the integration of engineering principles, corporate or personal philosophies, and experience factors. Although well planning methods and practices may vary within the drilling industry, the end result should be a safely drilled, minimum-cost hole that satisfies the reservoir engineer '
- Well Drilling > Well Planning (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drillstring Design (1.00)
- (14 more...)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Air/Foam Drilling Coupled with Drilling with Casing Technique Enables Operator to Drill and Isolate Troublesome Section to Target Depth on Multiple Wells in Pakistan
Khalid, Ali (Weatherford International Ltd.) | Ashraf, Qasim (Weatherford International Ltd.) | Luqman, Khurram (Weatherford International Ltd.) | Hadj-Moussa, Ayub (Weatherford International Ltd.) | Khurshid, Imran (ENI Pakistan Limited)
The Kirthar fold belt located in southern Pakistan, contains some of the largest gas reserves of the country. Operators when attempting to drill in the locality face a major hurdle in the surface hole sections. The surface section on most wells contain a group of three formations, Kirthar Limestone, Ghazij Shale, and Laki Limestone. Both the Limestone formations are highly fractured and exhibit total circulation losses, while the Shale formation is highly reactive and exhibits a swelling and sloughing behavior when drilled with a conventional water-based mud system. The operator on many occasions suffered stuck pipe incidents up to 3 times per well due to the massive circulation losses and shale instability problems. An air/foam system was initially used to eliminate the major problem of total lost circulation. The foam base fluid was formulated to contain a special blend of shale inhibitors to address the reactive nature of the shale formation. A special combination of polymers was also added to the base fluid to stabilize the foam in the presence of these shale inhibitors. The designed air/foam system was able to eliminate lost circulation completely and minimize the swelling and sloughing of the shale formation in a few wells drilled. While running the surface casing the operator observed high compression against the shale formation and in most instances the casing was set prematurely leaving a part of the vulnerable limestone formation exposed in the next section. As the next section required a much higher mud weight to drill, numerous cement plugs had to be peformed to bridge off the exposed limestone formation. The operator then further desired a solution that would enable them to drill without losses and allow them to land the surface casing to target depth. A drilling with casing system was first considered for this objective, but it was found to be incompatible with the air/foam system. The operator then finally decided to drill the section with an air/foam system and run the casing with a drilling with casing system, reaming through the troublesome shale formation. A series of wells were then drilled with an air/foam system, and the casing was run with a special drillshoe laced with pdc cutters. As expected high compression was observed against the shale formation. The casing was then connected to the top drive utilizing a specifically designed tool and reamed joint by joint to bottom. A conventional mud system was used while reaming the casing to bottom. The operator by the application of these two unique methods was able to drill and isolate the section in all future wells to target depth and achieve a cost and time saving of as much as 50 percent.
- North America > United States (0.94)
- Asia > Pakistan (0.87)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea (0.45)
- Asia > Pakistan > Sindh > Dadu District > Badhra Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE > Sharjah > Oman Mountains Foldbelt Basin > Sajaa Field > Thamama Group Formation (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Running and setting casing (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Fluids and Materials > Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) (1.00)
- (2 more...)