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Asia
A New Approach Optimizing Mature Waterfloods with Electrokinetics-Assisted Surfactant Flooding in Abu Dhabi Carbonate Reservoirs
Ansari, Arsalan (The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi) | Haroun, Mohammed (The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi) | Sayed, Nada Abou (The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi) | Kindy, Nabeela AI (The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi) | Ali, Basma (The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi) | Shrestha, Reena Amatya (The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi) | Sarma, Hemanta (The Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi)
Abstract EOR technologies such as CO2 flooding and chemical floods have been on the forefront of oil and gas R&D for the past 4 decades. While most of them are demonstrating very promising results in both lab scale and field pilots, the thrive for exploring additional EOR technologies while achieving full field application has yet to be achieved. Among the emerging EOR technologies is the surfactant EOR along with the application of electrically enhanced oil recovery (EEOR) which is gaining increased popularity due to a number of reservoir-related advantages such as reduction in fluid viscosity, water-cut and increased reservoir permeability. Experiments were conducted on 1.5" carbonate reservoir cores extracted from Abu Dhabi producing oil fields, which were saturated with medium crude oil in a specially designed EK core flood setup. Electrokinetics (DC voltage of 2V/cm) was applied on these oil saturated cores along with waterflooding simultaneously until the ultimate recovery was reached. In the second stage, the recovery was further enhanced by injecting non-ionic surfactant (APG) along with sequential application of EK. This was compared with simultaneous application of EK-assisted surfactant flooding. A smart Surfactant-EOR process was done in this study that allowed shifting from sequential to simultaneous Surfactant-EOR alongside EEOR The experimental results at ambient conditions show that the application of waterflooding on the carbonate cores yields recovery of approximately 46โ72% and an additional 8โ14% incremental recovery resulted upon application of EK, which could be promising for water swept reservoirs. However, there was an additional 6โ11% recovery enhanced by the application of EK-assisted surfactant flooding. In addition, EK was shown to enhance the carbonate reservoirโs permeability by approximately 11โ29%. Furthermore, this process can be engineered to be a greener approach as the water requirement can be reduced upto 20% in the presence of electrokinetics which is also economically feasible.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE > Abu Dhabi Emirate > Abu Dhabi (0.62)
- Overview > Innovation (0.50)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.34)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.47)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (0.47)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Byron Field (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE > Abu Dhabi > Arabian Gulf > Rub' al Khali Basin > Abu Dhabi Field (0.99)
Reducing Energy and Emissions through Predictive Performance Monitoring System
Zamzam, Montaser M. (Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO)) | Reddy, Vijaya B. (Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO)) | Al Bisher, Khalid (Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO)) | Mather, Ian (GL Noble Denton)
Abstract Air emissions from combustion sources are monitored by different techniques such as use of emission factors, engineering calculations, periodic stack monitoring, Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) and Predictive Emission Monitoring System (PEMS). CEMS despite being seen as best practice but is expensive and requires extensive maintenance. PEMS has become recently popular in estimating real-time emissions from various air pollution sources using measured process parameters. Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO) based on a wide techno-economical survey had chosen PEMS to monitor its emission and maintain compliance report on air quality as per the requirements of Abu Dhabi National Oil Company ADNOC. In addition, ADCO's innovation ensured additional modules to monitor energy performance and also provide a platform for maintaining energy and emission KPIs. ADCO commissioned the first pilot PEMS in Bab field in 2010 covering all emission sources and typical units of the major energy users such as gas turbines, heaters, oil export pumps, water injection pumps and gas compressors. PEMS real-time information and remote access through web helped in taking prompt corrective actions to control equipments and optimize use of fuel which resulted in subsequent reduction of energy and Green House Gases (GHG) emissions besides compliance assurance against ADNOC's air emission limits for process units. PEMS was proven to be as accurate as the hardware based CEMS over the entire range of operations and therefore it can be readily applied for tracking air emissions and energy efficiency from gas turbines, heaters at marginal cost. In addition to providing data for emissions compliance, ADCO was able to use the PEMS to optimize machinery operation for better performance and efficiency, and consequently reduced emissions. This paper demonstrates ADCO's success in integrating energy performance and emissions reporting in one simple yet effective solution. The paper further describes how the PEMS was able to integrate data from various plant sources into one reporting system while at the same time meeting ADCO IT protocol.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > Middle East Government > UAE Government (0.76)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Disposal/Injection (0.57)
Abstract Natural gas is emerging as the premier fuel of the world economy and will play a pivotal role in China. China, the pre-eminent industrialized nation of the era, needs new and very large energy supplies and currently does not even come close to supply adequate indigenous resources in both quantity and variety. Coal still overwhelmingly dominates the energy mix, causing both major economic and environmental complications. Energy will be "China's choke point" on its path of becoming a world power. Today, natural gas accounts for only a small fraction of the Chinese energy mix. With a share of 4 percent, natural gas will have to grow to 10 percent through a government edict by 2020. The volume of gas needed will be staggering. This paper describes the current state of natural gas in China and its evolutionary history during the past two decades with an attempt to forecast the future over the next decade. Emphasis is placed on technical problems and challenges in natural gas development, particularly in the exploration and production of shale gas. A basin analysis is done to compare the characteristics of potentially producing basins in China with those in the United States. Technological demands are identified and production capability is forecasted. It is the author's belief that to maintain China's current economic growth of 10 percent, China needs to greatly expand its natural gas use and produce much of it locally. This can be done only by emulating North America, not just by adapting existing technologies but also by developing economies of scale and cost-cutting efficiencies to fit in China's own situation. This is the only way that China can speed up its domestic natural gas production, especially in shale gas developments.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.96)
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > China Government (0.69)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Field > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Field > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Tennessee > Appalachian Basin (0.99)
- (17 more...)
Abstract The perception of natural gas today is radically different from what it was 10 years ago. Years ago, the natural gas was perceived as a noble fuel, reserved for premium uses. Today, it is used in a variety of sectors and applications and is experiencing significant growth as a fuel for electricity generation. During the years 1990โ1997, twenty six countries around the world introduced the participation of private capital in the natural gas transmission. The major participation of private capital has been located in Latin America and Caribbean countries. Argentina, Peru and Colombia have undertaken the most ambitious privatization efforts. Mexico expects its gas demand to more than double, with about half the gas used in power generation. The expected expansion of the North American gas market will require considerable investment in new pipeline capacity from more distant resources. In North America, the gas demand growth is strong, in special in the power generation sector. Major pipeline expansions between Canada and the United States have been completed. The gas transmission in Europe has been focused on the privatization of existing assets, which are property of the state. Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and United Kingdom have been working to transmit and sell gas to regional distributors receiving individual tariffs for it. It is known as vertical integration. Italy is one of the countries with greater profits received. Different kinds of alliances and joint ventures have been observed during the last years. The gas transmission in Eat Asia countries such as the Republic of Korea, Malaysia and Thailand is still a business reserved for the public sector. In Indonesia and Philippines, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, the private gas transmission has been limited to Greenfield projects. During the next 20โ40 years, the natural gas will play a substantial role in Russian exports. Statistical Review from World Energy 2012 reported that Russia has about 44.6 trillion cubic metres (TCM) of natural gas in proved reserves, which are the largest in the world. About a third of natural gas exports might be destined to Asia region from Russia, Central Asia, the Middle East and Australia. The gas demand will develop differently from one world region to another in function of the size of gas reserves, their distance from the markets, the maturity of markets and of the competition from other energy sources.
- North America > Mexico (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East (1.00)
- (5 more...)
- Energy > Power Industry > Utilities (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- South America > Atlantic Basin (0.99)
- North America > Atlantic Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Atlantic Basin (0.99)
- (25 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Offshore pipelines (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Natural Gas Conversion and Storage > Liquified natural gas (LNG) (1.00)
- Management > Asset and Portfolio Management > Reserves replacement, booking and auditing (0.89)
Air-Foam-Injection Process: An Improved-Oil-Recovery Technique for Waterflooded Light-Oil Reservoirs
Dong, X.. (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Liu, H.. (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Sun, P.. (China University of Petroleum (Beijing)) | Zheng, J.. (Jidong Oilfield Company, China National Petroleum Corporation) | Sun, R.. (Jidong Oilfield Company, China National Petroleum Corporation)
Summary With the intent of solving problems that emerge at the later stage of waterflooded reservoirs, we study the feasibility of air-foam flooding of waterflooded light-oil reservoirs using the method of physical simulation. Through isothermal combustion experiments, the influence of clay mineral and foam on low-temperature-oxidation (LTO) reactions is investigated qualitatively. Then, the quantitative investigation of water saturation on oxidation rate and O2 consumption rate is discussed. After that, some dynamic foam displacement experiments are also performed, including the singletube displacement experiments of air foam at different water saturations and enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) experiments of air-foam flooding in parallel tubes. In addition, in order to verify the O2 consumption capacity of the sample oil, a slimtube experiment is conducted. The results show that the presence of clay minerals could speed the process of the LTO reaction, while the presence of foam will slow this process. The LTO reaction is not significantly associated with oil viscosity. The concentration of O2 was near zero when the gas breakthrough occurred. Once the oxidation region reached the outlet, the concentration of O2 suddenly increased, and the effect of O2 consumption became worse. G64-38 crude oil performs better in the process of O2 consumption. The injection of air foam could effectively plug the high-permeability tube and restart the low-permeability tube. This paper could be used as a tool for the successful design of air-foam flooding at a later waterflood stage to enhance crude-oil recovery in light-oil reservoirs.
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia > China (1.00)
- North America > United States > Louisiana (0.67)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.66)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.48)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (0.81)
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate > Phyllosilicate (0.70)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > China Government (0.46)
- South America > Argentina > Mendoza > Cuyana Basin > Barrancas Field (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > South Australia > Eromanga Basin (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > Queensland > Eromanga Basin (0.99)
- (12 more...)
Application of a Novel Amylum-Cellulose Nutrient System for Microbial Flooding in Dagang Oilfield, China
Feng, Qing-xian (Dagang Oilfield Company, Petrochina) | Cheng, Hai-ying (Dagang Oilfield Company, Petrochina) | Ma, Xian-ping (Dagang Oilfield Company, Petrochina) | Dong, Han-ping (Institute of Exploration and Development Research, Petrochina) | Ma, Ting (Key lab of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R.China)
Abstract Microorganisms inhabiting oil reservoirs can be used for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) due to their high adoptability and ability to produce oil-releasing metabolites in-situ. The compositions and function of the nutrient injected for stimulation of microbial activity is one of the keys to successful the technology. In our previous studies, we found that depletion of nutrient blend due to presence of "thief zone" with high rock permeability, led to insufficient activity of indigenous microorganisms in reservoirs. Eventually the poor additional oil production was observed. Novel multi functional amylum-cellulose nutrient was developed in this study to provide both nutrition for microorganisms as well as material for modify profile. Reservoir physico-chemical characteristics, concentration of nutrients and microbial activity were surveyed systematically. It was shown, that nutrient activated microbial growth under aerobic and anaerobic condition, and hydrocarbon oxidizing bacteria and fermentative microorganisms played most considerable roles in microbial consortia. Microorganisms were able to oxidize oil to CH4 and CO2 with excretion hydrocarbon emulsifiers and other biosurfactants (rhamnoilpid with C6-C12 long chain fatty acid). Heterogeneous sandpacked column model with three stages nutrients flooding release delaying nutrient solution breakthrough front and enlarged effect range of microorganisms due to viscosity production, particles of cellulose and zoogloea on surface of cellulose particle while bacteria growth. Synergetic MEOR effect of the thief zone plugging and local oil displacement resulted in 15-20% increase of oil recovery in comparison with regular water flooding. The field pilots were carried out in blocks. Special nutrient (75 tons) was injected and followed by monthly injections of 32000 cubic meters of air/water blend. The shift in microbial activities and other reservoir parameters was monitored. The injection water pressure was increased 2.2MPa and 5075 bbl of oil was increased.
- Asia > China > Tianjin Province (0.65)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea (0.24)
- Asia > China > Tianjin > Bohai Basin > Huanghua Basin > Dagang Field (0.99)
- Asia > China > Bohai Basin > Gangxi Field (0.99)
Abstract The use of fossil fuels for transportation represents one of the largest anthropogenic contributions to greenhouse gases (GHGs), and the need for clean, renewable, alternative fuel sources has become a global priority. It is no wonder that biofuel production has grown exponentially over the past 30 years; biofuels essentially contribute no additional GHG in their carbon life cycle and can be grown in almost any farming region in the world. However, the rapid expansion of the biofuel market has generated considerable controversy in the practice: many scientific studies have revealed significant variability in the GHG reduction efficiency of different biofuel production methods in relation to fossil fuel displacement, some of which actually result in net increases of GHG emissions. To address this controversy, this paper reviews the policies behind past and current biofuel production and analyzes the relative efficiencies of different production methods around the world. By assembling and comparing such eclectic data one can identify the primary sources of GHG emissions within the different methods, as well as which general trends in biofuel production show the greatest potential efficiency. This information will be of great assistance to any future policies that plan for a self-sufficient biofuel market with fewer government subsidies. The results of this study showed that within the wide spectrum of variance for different methods, the greatest factors affecting GHG reduction efficiency were the type of crop grown, the subsequent amount of nitrogen fertilizer required for cultivation, and the amount and type of land converted to farmland for production. In most instances, second-generation biofuels showed clear superiority to first-generation biofuels, though current technological limitations prevent their production on a competitive scale. Based on these conclusions, any future policies promoting biofuel production in the U.S. must include provisions to diversify the domestic market based on the most efficient crops and methods practiced in similar regions, preferably offering incentives towards responsible land and fertilizer use. Such policies must also promote the development of second-generation biofuel technology to further expand their role in the market.
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia (1.00)
- North America > United States > New York (0.29)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Biofuel > Ethanol (1.00)
- Oceania > Australia (0.89)
- North America > United States > Louisiana > China Field (0.89)
- Asia > Philippines (0.89)
- Asia > Japan (0.89)