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East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin
DAS microseismic reflection imaging for hydraulic fracture and fault lineament characterization
Ma, Yuanyuan (Rice University) | Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan (Rice University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) | Nayak, Avinash (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) | Correa, Julia (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) | Kerr, Erich (SM Energy)
This study presents a novel workflow designed for migrating reflected S-waves generated by microseismic events, as recorded by downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), to characterize hydraulic fractures in three dimensions. In contrast to existing fracture imaging techniques, which have encountered challenges in accurately representing fracture networks and often rely on simplified models, the proposed imaging technique does not assume that fractures are planar or in a pre-specified orientation. DAS seismic measurements benefit from the large aperture and dense spatial sampling enabled by the kilometers-long fiber and, therefore are able to capture a large number of strong reflections compared to traditional borehole geophones or accelerometers. We treat microseismic events as high-frequency sources and apply prestack Kirchhoff migration to each individual source after wavefield separation. Fracture imaging results for multiple selected events are then stacked to generate a 3D reflectivity volume, revealing subsurface fracture and fault networks in intricate detail. The high-resolution fracture images generated by the developed reflection migrating process illuminate the heart of the stimulated volume of the reservoir, a zone that is often challenging to access using conventional surface arrays or active sources. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed workflow, our study employs a dataset acquired during a multi-well project in the Eagle Ford Shale and Austin Chalk in South Texas. To assess the accuracy and reliability of the results, the reflection imaging output is integrated with both microseismicity distribution and strain measurements from low-frequency DAS for interpretation. The results of reflection imaging improve our understanding of fracture geometry including distal fractures that are away from the monitoring well, allow direct estimation of fracture height and length, and potentially signify the presence of pre-existing fluid-filled fault lineaments.
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.89)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Austin Chalk Formation (0.89)
- North America > United States > Texas > Sabinas - Rio Grande Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.89)
- (9 more...)
Distributed Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method for coal mining goaf detection in complex urban environment: A case study in Jinan, China
Zhang, Heng (Shandong University) | Yang, Yang (Shandong University) | Li, Hu (Jinan Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd.) | Luo, Pingfan (Shandong Rall Transit Survey & Design Institute Co., Ltd) | Zhou, Changyu (Shandong University) | Zhu, Yuzhen (Shandong University, Shandong Coal Geological Planning and Exploration Research Institute) | Peng, Yonghui (Zonge International Inc) | Sun, Huaifeng (Shandong University)
Urban scale expansion has resulted in many proposed projects located over coal mining zones, which has highlighted the importance of detecting the spatial scope and water abundance of goafs before the commencement of construction work. Although electromagnetic methods have proven effective for goaf detection, their applications in intensely noisy and urbanized environments remain limited. To address this challenge, we present an investigation of a coal mining goaf in Jinan, China, using the distributed wide-field electromagnetic method (DWFEM). A third-order 2 sequence pseudorandom signal with 39 survey frequencies is transmitted to achieve long-time data acquisition at each station. Unlike the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics method, the DWFEM records only the electric-field Ex component. The synthetic model tests and field data demonstrate the consistency of the Ex apparent resistivity and the Cagniard resistivity in the far-field. The long-time acquisition and single-component recording greatly improve data quality and exploration efficiency. We also use an all-angle resistivity calculation formula and an electrode layout method parallel to the wire source to obtain electrical connections in different directions. The DWFEM inversion results are obtained using the one-dimensional Gauss-Newton iterative method under a plane wave assumption. By interpolating data from different measurement stations, we imaged resistivity depth profiles and obtained a three-dimensional subsurface electrical data for the subsurface from 0 to 1000 m. We interpreted the obtained profiles with geological and mining information, revealing two significant water-enriched goaf areas. Validation was performed using seismic data and drill cores. The results significantly enhance our understanding of the characteristics of the coal mine under the proposed project and highlight the applicability of the DWFEM for detecting goafs in complex urban environments.
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)
Everette Lee DeGolyer (October 9, 1886-December 14, 1956) was a geophysicist, petroleum geologist, innovator, and petroleum industry leader. For his foresight in employing geophysical methods for petroleum exploration, DeGolyer is often called "the father of American exploration geophysics." Among many awards and accolades, DeGolyer and Ludger Mintrop were awarded the first SEG Honorary Membership in 1930. Everette Lee DeGolyer, geophysicist and petroleum geologist, was born in a sod house near Greensburg, Kansas, on October 9, 1886, to John William and Narcissa Kagy (Huddle) DeGolyer. His father, interested in mineral prospecting, moved the family to the lead and zinc districts of Joplin, Missouri, where DeGolyer attended public schools.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.53)
- North America > United States > Kansas (0.35)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.48)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Central Basin > Edwards Field > Canyon Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Central Basin > Edwards Field > 7900 Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Spindletop Field (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
The Lower Silurian Longmaxi rapid-transgressive black shale and organic matter distribution on the Upper Yangtze Platform, China
Shi, Zhensheng (PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development) | Zhou, Tianqi (PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development) | Qi, Ling (PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development)
The characteristics and formation of maximum flooding (MF) black shales are important aspects in defining the geology of fine-grained reservoirs. The MF black shales are located at the bottom of the Longmaxi Formation on the Upper Yangtze Platform, corresponding to graptolite zone LM1. Seismic interpretation, good correlation, X-ray diffraction whole- rock analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) tests, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the MF black shales have an average content of 49.3% quartz (85% clay size), 10.5% calcite, 8.4% dolomite, and 23.4% clay minerals. The quartz content increases basinward, whereas the clay mineral content decreases. The shale developed during rapid sea level rise, with a thickness of 0.5ย2.8 m that gradually thickens basinward. The TOC content, averaging 5.4%, gradually decreases basinward, with four distinct stacking patterns. The mineral composition and thickness of the Longmaxi shale are related closely to rapid transgression, biology, and volcanism during the period of sedimentation. Rapid transgression has led to a decrease in terrestrial input and shale thickness. In addition, biological activity and volcanism have caused the prevalence of microcrystalline quartz. Shales with high TOC content are related to anoxic conditions, along with low sedimentation rates and high primary productivity. The combination of an anoxic water column, weak dilution, and enhanced organic matter supply enhanced the preservation of the organic matter. The four TOC stacking patterns are related to the water depth. The supply of clay minerals decreases with increasing water depth, whereas the degradation and recycling of organic matter decrease the TOC content. The sediment accommodation increases with increasing water depth, resulting in four TOC stacking patterns.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America (0.92)
- Asia > China > Sichuan Province (0.47)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Jurassic (0.93)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Silurian > Llandovery (0.52)
- Phanerozoic > Paleozoic > Ordovician > Upper Ordovician (0.48)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Sabinas - Rio Grande Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Maverick Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- (4 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale gas (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment (1.00)
Pore pressure prediction using S-wave velocity based on rock-physics modeling
Cheng, Shuailong (China University of Petroleum (East China), Laoshan Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas) | Zong, Zhaoyun (China University of Petroleum (East China), Laoshan Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas) | Chen, Yu (The University of Texas at Dallas) | Yang, Yaming (China University of Petroleum (East China), Laoshan Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas)
Abstract Pore pressure plays a critical role in improving drilling safety and exploring hydrocarbons. It is well known that the prediction of pore pressure is mainly based on P-wave velocity or acoustic transit time. However, due to the influence of various factors on P-wave velocity, it may not be sufficiently sensitive to the perturbations of effective stress, which results in inaccurate pore pressure prediction results. To solve this issue, we perform a specialized analysis of rock-physics data and find that S-wave velocity is more sensitive to the perturbations of effective stress than P-wave velocity. Therefore, in this study, we develop a new pore pressure prediction method based on S waves to predict pore pressure more accurately. To obtain the normal compaction trend (NCT) required by our method, an anisotropic rock-physics model of mudstone is first constructed, and normal compaction porosity is added to the rock-physics model. The difference between the obtained NCT and the measured S-wave velocity is then used for predicting pore pressure through our method. In practical data application, the pore pressure predicted by our method is highly consistent with the measured pore pressure points, which proves the advantages of S-wave velocity in predicting pore pressure.
- Asia > China (0.47)
- North America > United States (0.46)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock (0.37)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling > Seismic Inversion (0.68)
- Asia > China > Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region > Junggar Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Newton Field (0.93)
ABSTRACT The Port Isabel passive margin foldbelt covers 17,000ย km of the northwestern deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Seven oil exploration wells have been drilled in the area from 1996 to 2007, yielding a single uncommercial gas discovery. The 5โ7ย km thick Oligo-Miocene section prevents drilling from penetrating the underlying Paleogene and Mesozoic source rocks. Accommodation space for the Oligo-Miocene section is created by the collapse of a paleo-salt wall, leading to linked fault systems in the upper decollement to the east. We use 13 exploration wells to construct 1D and map-based 2D basin models to investigate the burial and thermal history of three inferred source rock horizons (Paleogene, Turonian, and Tithonian). We interpret a 2D seismic data grid tied to four wells to constrain stratigraphic depths and thicknesses of the younger and shallower Wilcox source rock horizons, and the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rock horizons. Our results indicate that vitrinite reflectance is a proxy for the thermal stress levels reached by the source rocks as supported by maps of hydrocarbon charge access. We conclude that all three source rock intervals have reached varying degrees of maturity, expelled hydrocarbons in late Paleogene to mid-Neogene, and likely continue expelling hydrocarbons to the present-day at a reduced rate. The deposition of the Oligocene and Middle Miocene sedimentary section has buried the underlying source intervals and likely brought them into the gas/condensate window in the present-day. Our mapping of the extensive seismic reflection grid reveals four-way structural closures, three-way stratigraphic traps, and salt truncation structures associated with amplitude anomalies which may support our predictions for maturity in the underlying source rocks. Our thermal stress maps predict that the modeled source rocks are mature and our charge access models for the available wells constrain migration patterns, although the timing of the early hydrocarbon charge and late trap formation remain significant risk factors.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > Mexico (1.00)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Western GOM (0.86)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene > Oligocene (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (0.94)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition (0.68)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.46)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Sabinas - Rio Grande Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Maverick Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- (21 more...)
Abstract Solvent extracts obtained from center-cut horizontal core plugs selected in the Upper Wolfcamp (UW) and Eagle Ford source-rock (SR) beds contain unaltered volatile (i.e.,ย gasoline range) hydrocarbon (HC) compounds because they are extracted in a closed vial. Therefore, a C7 source parameter, a C7 maturity parameter, and pristane/phytane ratios are used to compare the source and thermal maturity of these petroleum and oil samples produced from nearby wells landed in the same SR reservoirs. Five distinct pay zones previously identified in the UW SR reservoir using geologic criteria each contain slightly different kinds of petroleum generated at different levels of thermal maturity. A thick overlying carbonate reservoir contains the kind of petroleum generated by the kerogen present in one underlying SR pay zone. The same source and maturity parameters demonstrate that the oil-prone kerogen present in the Eagle Ford SR beds in core plugs selected from wells located โ7.5ย mi (12ย km) apart on the San Marcos Arch in South Texas formed in different depositional environments. It is difficult to allocate commingled oil samples using only core-plug extracts because solvents extract the producible oil plus a component that does not readily flow from SR reservoirs because it is sorbed in kerogen and/or on clay minerals. However, because only saturate HC compounds are used to determine the C7 source and maturity parameters, they provide valuable insights about the nature of the free oil present in SR reservoirs and commingled oil samples.
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock (0.69)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (0.89)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Buda Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Sabinas - Rio Grande Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- (40 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Carbonate reservoirs (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Core analysis (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Geochemical characterization (1.00)
ABSTRACT The Port Isabel passive margin foldbelt covers 17,000ย km of the northwestern deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Seven oil exploration wells have been drilled in the area from 1996 to 2007, yielding a single uncommercial gas discovery. The 5โ7ย km thick Oligo-Miocene section prevents drilling from penetrating the underlying Paleogene and Mesozoic source rocks. Accommodation space for the Oligo-Miocene section is created by the collapse of a paleo-salt wall, leading to linked fault systems in the upper decollement to the east. We use 13 exploration wells to construct 1D and map-based 2D basin models to investigate the burial and thermal history of three inferred source rock horizons (Paleogene, Turonian, and Tithonian). We interpret a 2D seismic data grid tied to four wells to constrain stratigraphic depths and thicknesses of the younger and shallower Wilcox source rock horizons, and the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rock horizons. Our results indicate that vitrinite reflectance is a proxy for the thermal stress levels reached by the source rocks as supported by maps of hydrocarbon charge access. We conclude that all three source rock intervals have reached varying degrees of maturity, expelled hydrocarbons in late Paleogene to mid-Neogene, and likely continue expelling hydrocarbons to the present-day at a reduced rate. The deposition of the Oligocene and Middle Miocene sedimentary section has buried the underlying source intervals and likely brought them into the gas/condensate window in the present-day. Our mapping of the extensive seismic reflection grid reveals four-way structural closures, three-way stratigraphic traps, and salt truncation structures associated with amplitude anomalies which may support our predictions for maturity in the underlying source rocks. Our thermal stress maps predict that the modeled source rocks are mature and our charge access models for the available wells constrain migration patterns, although the timing of the early hydrocarbon charge and late trap formation remain significant risk factors.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > Mexico (1.00)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Western GOM (0.86)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Paleogene > Oligocene (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Cenozoic > Neogene > Miocene (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics > Fold and Thrust Belt (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (0.94)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition (0.68)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.46)
- North America > United States > Texas > West Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Sabinas - Rio Grande Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Maverick Basin > Eagle Ford Shale Formation (0.99)
- (21 more...)
The Anthony F. Lucas Gold Medal for Technical Leadership honors distinguished achievement in the identification and development of new technology and concepts that will enhance the process of finding or producing petroleum. The Medal may be awarded from time to time upon affirmative advice from the Board of Directors of the Society of Petroleum Engineers and under the conditions as herein defined. Anthony F. Lucas was born on 9 September 1855 in Split, Austria, the capital of the Province of Dalmatia which is located in present day Croatia. He was a mining engineer, often referred to as the father of petroleum engineering. His successful drilling of the famous Spindletop field near Beaumont, TX was one of the most important events in the history of the petroleum industry.
- Europe (0.56)
- North America > United States > Texas > Jefferson County > Beaumont (0.25)
Magenta Hydrogen โ An AI-Driven Hydrogen Production Associated with CO2 Plume Utilization for Geothermal Power Generation
Katterbauer, Klemens (Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia) | Hassan, Saleh F. (Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia) | Abu Al Saud, Moataz O. (Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia) | Yousef, Ali (Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia)
Abstract Energy and hydrogen have a long history together; more than 200 years ago, hydrogen-powered the first internal combustion engines and is now a crucial component of the contemporary refining sector. It emits no greenhouse gases or pollutants directly and is light, storable, and energy-dense. But adoption of hydrogen in areas where it is virtually nonexistent, like transportation, buildings, and power generation, is necessary for it to significantly contribute to clean energy transitions (Simpson and Lutz 2007). Today, hydrogen is gaining unheard-of momentum. The opportunity to make hydrogen a significant component of our future clean and secure energy supply should not be missed by the entire globe. Today, providing hydrogen to industrial users is a significant global industry. The worldwide demand for hydrogen, which has increased more than triple since 1975, is still on the rise. To produce hydrogen, 6% of the world's natural gas and 2% of its coal are used. As a result, the generation of hydrogen results in annual CO2 emissions of around 830 million tonnes, which is equal to the combined emissions of the United Kingdom and Indonesia. Hydrogen can be collected from water, biomass, fossil fuels, or a combination of the three. Currently, natural gas serves as the main fuel for producing hydrogen, contributing about 75 percent of the 70 million tonnes of dedicated hydrogen produced annually worldwide. This makes up around 6% of the world's natural gas consumption. Due to coal's dominance in China, gas comes in second, and only a small portion is created by the usage of oil and electricity (Soltani, Rosen and Dincer 2014).
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.67)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Organic-Rich Rock > Coal (0.54)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.38)
- Geology > Petroleum Play Type > Unconventional Play > Shale Play (0.34)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Non-Traditional Resources > Geothermal resources (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Air emissions (1.00)