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Collaborating Authors
Production and Well Operations
Abstract The presence of paraffin in crude oil often leads to wax deposition in pipelines when temperatures reach below Wax appearance temperatures. It is possible to simulate the wax build up using thermodynamic and kinetic/deposition models for estimating wax deposition with varied degree of accuracy. The most popular remediation technique for wax removal is direct mechanical cleaning using pigs as these are generally cheaper than chemical inhibitors. The pigging frequency is mostly determined using thumb rules and operating experience. Correct pigging frequency is essential to avoid significant wax build-up in pipeline that may lead to plugging or stuck pig. This becomes more acute in subsea lines where insufficient well head pressures driving the pig may not scrap out the wax plug ahead of pig. This can increase to downtime and can lead to expensive pipeline repair. In Mumbai offshore pigging is most common method of wax removal in well fluid lines. In this paper a simulation model using dynamic simulator for predicting daily wax build-up and pigging shall be discussed. The model is based on the actual pipeline condition, fluid parameters and pigging data. Extensive lab studies on actual comingled well fluid samples from platform have been carried out for capturing the Fluid & Wax properties. The model has been used to run what if scenarios by varying the pigging frequency for the pipelines. The impact of ambient temperature or increase in gas (lift gas) in well fluid on pigging has been studied. Sensitivity studies have been carried out for various parameters like wax plug friction, bypass opening, change in well fluid parameters, etc.
- Production and Well Operations > Production Chemistry, Metallurgy and Biology (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Facilities Operations > Pipeline pigging (1.00)
Evolution of Production Logging Technologies and Capabilities: In Quest to Know the Unknown, A Brownfield Case Study, Mumbai High, ONGC Western Offshore
Chandra, Yogesh (ONGC) | Ogra, Konark (Schlumberger) | Verma, Vibhor (Schlumberger) | Pandey, Arun (Schlumberger) | Sinha, Ravi (Schlumberger) | Kumar, Ajit (Schlumberger)
Abstract Production logging traditionally has been used to describe the flow characteristic of a well. Over the years with the advancement of the technology, for the techno economic success, deviated and horizontal wells have been drilled. Application of highly deviated and horizontal wells for field development primary recovery is now a worldwide practice. Diagnosing production problems in a near horizontal environment is a herculean task; complex flow regimes in highly deviated well aggravate complications. At the same time, with advancement in completion system design, it has become imperative to evaluate the effectiveness of the new completion design. Unfortunately traditional production logging techniques have not been successful in these conditions. One of the key issues in diagnosing production problems is detecting and distinguishing hydrocarbons in high water cut wells with water phase flowing as continuous medium at the low side and dispersed hydrocarbon phase at the high side of wellbore. Technologies like the digital entry fluid imaging tool and gas holdup optical sensor tool have proven to provide accurate results. For horizontal and highly deviated wells where recirculation, crossflow, and phase segregation further complicate the flow behavior, complete imaging of the wellbore is needed to characterize the wells. In brownfield scenario, the complications aggravate and may require real-time decision making and intensive data analysis. Some of the typical brownfield issues are scale buildup due to immense water injection for pressure support, which is required for efficient oil displacement, complex fluid flow regime, recirculation due to insufficient lift, and casing damage resulting in unwanted formation water entry. The study provides the most prolific summary and guide for case studies, success stories and lessons learned from the Mumbai High field in the last decade; evolution of the production logging tool from the most standard unit to multipoint digital entry fluid imaging, gas holdup optical sensor tools to identify and distinguish between the three fluid phases. The paradigm shifts towards the key technologies like flow scan imager to evaluate the complex borehole fluid behavior, flow regimes identification is also presented in this paper. The results derived are indispensable for future well placement campaign
- Asia > India > Maharashtra > Mumbai (0.63)
- Asia > India > Maharashtra > Arabian Sea (0.50)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > India Government (0.41)
- Asia > India > Maharashtra > Arabian Sea > Bombay Offshore Basin > Mumbai High Field > L-V Formation (0.99)
- Asia > India > Maharashtra > Arabian Sea > Bombay Offshore Basin > Mumbai High Field > L-IV Formation (0.99)
- Asia > India > Maharashtra > Arabian Sea > Bombay Offshore Basin > Mumbai High Field > L-III Formation (0.99)
- (3 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)
Simulation of In-Situ Combustion Process in Balol Pilot
Dayal, H. S. (ONGC) | Bhushan, B. V. (ONGC) | Mitra, Sujit (ONGC) | Pandey, Vivek (ONGC) | Bhandari, A. C. (ONGC) | Dwivedi, M. M. (ONGC)
Abstract The In-situ Combustion (ISC) process has been successfully applied in the Southern part of Balol field for the last 21 years. This sector has oil of 300 cp viscosity and 15° API. The Pilot was initiated in 1990 followed by semi-commercialization in 1992 and commercialization in 1997. It has been instrumental in enhancing the oil recovery from 13% to 50%. The ISC process in the pilot stage has been modeled on the thermal simulator. At first, the 1-D Combustion tube experiment has been successfully modeled and history matched with single equation incorporating the oxidation of heavy oil. The reaction kinetics from Combustion tube model with suitable modification and the Equilibrium Constants obtained from the Equation of State (EOS) modeling of PVT experiments has been utilised to history match the ISC pilot performance. The ISC model calibrated from the history match of the actual data of the pilot shall enable in simulating the ISC process in the semi-commercial and the commercial phase. It would help in optimization of air injection rates, placement of air injectors, propagation of the combustion front, performance prediction and finally the ultimate recovery. The successful history match of the ISC process in the Pilot area in terms of water cut, liquid rates has enabled better understanding of the process. It was possible to obtain a good agreement for the propagation of the combustion front and the temperature distribution. The study has indicated that the ISC simulation on thermal simulator using single equation can be used as significant stepping stone in modeling the process in more detail using multiple equations and incorporating larger area.
- South America > Venezuela > Eastern Venezuela Basin > Hamaca Area > Bare Field (0.99)
- Asia > India > Gujarat > Cambay Basin > North Cambay Basin (0.99)
- Asia > India > Gujarat > Cambay Basin > Kalol Formation (0.99)
- Asia > India > Gujarat > Cambay Basin > Balol Field (0.99)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation > History matching (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery > Thermal methods (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Fluid Characterization > Phase behavior and PVT measurements (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)