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Abstract Increasing the recovery factor of a mature field should be a top goal for every petroleum engineer. Producing oil from mature fields is both strategic and necessary: Necessary because we need to increase our efficiency and reduce our carbon footprint. And it is unreasonable to leave in the rock a resource that nature took millions of years to generate. And strategic because oil from a mature field is (or should be) cheaper and has very low risk: I know where it is, I know how to produce it and I know what not to repeat. However, producing onshore mature fields is much simpler than offshore. It is common to have onshore mature fields, which produce at marginal rates, for 80 years or more, which is rare offshore. Production costs require marginal wells to be closed. And the costs and difficulties are geometrically proportional to the water depth. Shallow water fields in Norway can reach an RF of 65%. In Brazil, recovery factors of up to 85% are expected in onshore fields, while modern and highly prolific pre-salt fields are expected to produce 16% of their oil il place. 84% of the oil will remain in the rock. The alternative is to apply technologies massively, and the sooner they are planned and implemented, the better. Among the possible strategies and lines of action applicable are: Water and gas management. Optimization of water injection using techniques such as: PWRI (produced water re-injection), IAFP (injection of water above fracture pressure), etc Reduction in well construction cost for infill drilling. Application of well slender architecture with one trip completion. Use of liner conveyed gravel pack for unconsolidadted sandstones. U-well planning and construction. Reduction of area and weight of production units: Use of technologies such as RWI (raw water injection), SSWO (Subsea Separation of Water and Oil), etc This paper aims to make an overview of the applied and applicable technologies for extending the useful life of offshore fields, trying to make viable also for high water depths a philosophy of a recognized mature field operator: "The last field to be explored must be the increase of the recovery factor "
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean (0.68)
- North America > United States > Texas > Harris County > Houston (0.28)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Salt Tectonics (0.48)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Disposal/Injection (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Sul Field > Macae Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Sul Field > Lago Feia Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Field > Macae Formation (0.99)
- (8 more...)
Boosting To Boosting: A New Approach To Enhance, Support And Maximize Subsea Processing And Boosting Applications
Roberto, Marcello Augustus Ramos (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | E Silva, Jean Carlos Dias (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | Koelln, Herbert Prince (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | Bernardes, Alan Carlos (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | Albuquerque, Fabio Alves (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | Paternost, Guilherme Miranda (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | De Oliveira, Ana Margarida (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | Xavier, Gilberto Magalhães (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | Da Silva, Jurandir Antônio Gomes (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A) | Da Costa, Otavio Cardoso (Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A)
Abstract Over the last 20 years subsea processing and boosting (P&B) technologies have supported and pushed forward the offshore oil and gas production, maximizing field production and recovery factor. Although those technologies achieved remarkable success, P&B is still not a heavy-weight business, despite Operators considering it adds great value. Therefore, to enhance and maximize P&B applications, a task force was created to identify the main hurdles, showstoppers and barriers, as well as to establish a robust process, methods and procedures related, including O&G Operators and Suppliers point of views, internal standards and international codes analysis. Afterwards, a critical analysis was made, more than ten initiatives were prioritized, and a Program named Bosting to Boosting (B2B) was structured. This paper will present all initiatives have been carried out in B2B and the main results for subsea projects.
- South America > Brazil (0.94)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.47)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Block P-36 > Roncador Field > Maastrichtian Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Espírito Santo > Espirito Santo Basin (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Hydraulic and jet pumps (1.00)
- Management > Asset and Portfolio Management (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Design for preventing or minimizing the effects of accidents is termed accidental limit states (ALS) design and is characterized by preventing/minimizing loss of life, environmental damage, and loss of the structure. Collision, grounding, dropped objects, explosion, and fire are traditional accident categories.
- South America > Brazil (1.00)
- Oceania > Australia (1.00)
- North America > Canada (1.00)
- (11 more...)
- Summary/Review (1.00)
- Research Report > New Finding (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology > Depositional Environment (0.67)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics (0.67)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Transportation > Infrastructure & Services (1.00)
- Transportation > Ground (1.00)
- (36 more...)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Viosca Knoll > Block 786 > Petronius Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > Mississippi Canyon > Block 392 > Appomattox Field (0.99)
- (58 more...)
Abstract Over the last 20 years Brazil has been the stage where subsea processing and boosting (P&B) technology has supported and pushed the offshore oil and gas production to overcome its challenges and maximize field production and recovery factor. Subsea Oil-Water and Gas-Liquid Separation Systems, Multiphase Pumps, Electrical Submersible Pumps, Raw Water Injection Systems, and other innovative, enabler, optimizer or even disruptive technologies have been developing and applying in Brazil's fields to increase the NPV of projects and make feasible long tiebacks scenarios. This paper will present a retrospective of the most significant P&B systems developed and deployed in Brazil's fields, their operational experience, lessons learned, the next generation under development to surpass Pre-Salt and brown fields challenges and some initiatives to maximize these technologies applications.
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Harris County > Houston (0.15)
- Instructional Material > Online (0.86)
- Instructional Material > Course Syllabus & Notes (0.86)
- Overview > Innovation (0.68)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management > Lifecycle > Disposal/Injection (0.70)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Santos Basin > Libra Block > Mero Field (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Santos Basin > Block BS-4 > Atlanta Field > Marambaia Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Field > Macae Formation (0.99)
- (10 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Hydraulic and jet pumps (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Electric submersible pumps (1.00)
- (2 more...)
Subsea processing and boosting can be key enablers and optimization alternatives for challenging field developments whose benefits increase with water depth, flow rates, and stepouts. This paper summary focuses upon reporting new research-and-development (R&D) initiatives related to subsea processing and boosting offshore Brazil. In the initial exploitation stages of offshore oil and gas fields, the main concern involves the initial investment to construct the production units, drill the wells, and install all equipment necessary for production. Operators usually adopt a conventional solution at this stage, failing to view new technologies as a first alternative. Such technologies are usually considered only when they are vital for a specific field development.
- Production and Well Operations (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Offshore Facilities and Subsea Systems > Subsea processing (1.00)
Campos Basin, during the last 40 years, has been the stage where the technology development has played its main game in terms of pushing the offshore oil and gas production to overcome its challenges to go deeper and deeper in WDs never experienced before. Incremental, innovative, enabler or even disruptive technologies, supported by a strong commitment to success and the capability and drive for field test new ideas have made such a difference. Structured actions based on technology programs specific created for reaching defined targets, such as Petrobras Deep and Ultra Deep Water Technology Program named PROCAP, in its four sequential "versions" for over 28 years, resulted in two OTC Awards, in 92 and 2001, and helped Petrobras to achieve an important position worldwide in offshore production. A focused projection of the future in terms of the next generation under development to overcame challenges related to revitalization of Campos Basin mature fields, such as life extension methodologies, heavy oil processing, oil and gas contaminants treatment, subsea boosting and separation systems, power distribution and transmission, that are part of Petrobras technologies "gold list" are being developed and they will be available in the next couple of years. Additionally, an internal program, named Subsea Operational Technologies, has been developed to promote a full integration among suppliers, R&D and operation teams to reduce OPEX and enhance oil and gas production in Campos Basin. Also, associated to that, a strong and efficient integrated operation control has promoted the required offshore field management drive and safety. This paper will present a retrospective of the most significant Subsea system, Well Drilling and Completion, as well as Topsides technologies developed and deployed in the Campos Basin for more than 80 production systems in more than 30 oil and gas fields development.
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.69)
- Overview > Innovation (1.00)
- Instructional Material > Online (0.86)
- Instructional Material > Course Syllabus & Notes (0.86)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > South America Government > Brazil Government (0.67)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlin Field (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Sul Field > Macae Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Sul Field > Lago Feia Formation (0.99)
- (25 more...)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations > Directional drilling (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Equipment (1.00)
- (15 more...)
Changing the Game: How Enabling Subsea Boosting Technology and a Novel Business Model Unlock Increased Recovery from a Remote Deepwater Field
Hagland, Arill S. (OneSubsea, a Schlumberger Company) | Hjelmeland, Mads (OneSubsea, a Schlumberger Company) | Clarke, Mike (Murphy Exploration and Production Company) | Ramsey, Ian (Murphy Exploration and Production Company)
Abstract A subsea boosting system was implemented to increase the recovery from the Gulf of Mexico's Dalmatian field, which saw its first oil in 2014. Because today's challenging market requires a high focus on cost reduction, a great effort was undertaken to enable this project to materialize, ranging from the application of fit-for-purpose technology and a suitable contracting strategy. This is the industry's first project in which an alternative business model will enable the delivery and installation of a subsea boosting system. Furthermore, the Dalmatian project will represent the longest deepwater multiphase boosting stepout distance, applying high-voltage motor technology. The scope of the contract calls for the supply and installation of a subsea multiphase boosting system at 1,775-m water depth, including topside and subsea power and control system, as well as a 35-km combined power and control umbilical. The execution model enables a turnkey integrated project from design through supply, installation, and commissioning. This fit-for-purpose subsea boosting technology will improve the operator's ultimate recovery through a cost-effective and record breaking tieback. The innovative execution model that was applied further contributes to greater certainty of cost and return on investment. This paper addresses the technology and alternative business model that was used to make this project economically viable in a volatile and challenging market situation.
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro (0.28)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM (0.25)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > BC-50B > Barracuda and Caratinga Field > Barracuda Field (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM > East Gulf Coast Tertiary Basin > De Soto Canyon > Block 4 > Dalmatian Field (0.99)
- (3 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Improved and Enhanced Recovery (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Hydraulic and jet pumps (1.00)
- (3 more...)
The Contribution from an Operator's Global Subsea Hardware Standardization Program to 10K Subsea Hardware and Controls on Parque das Conchas (BC-10)
Freire de Carvalho, Thiago Palmeira (Shell International Exploration & Production Inc.) | Olijnik, Luiz (Shell International Exploration & Production Inc.) | Broderick, Richard John (Shell International Exploration & Production Inc.) | Labes, Alan (FMC Technologies Inc)
The Parque das Conchas field in Campos basin offshore Brasil is a phased ultra-deepwater heavy oil development tied to the Espírito Santos floating, production, storage and offload (FPSO) vessel, moored at a water depth of 1,780-meters. The subsea system utilizes a subsea boosting and separation technology, enhanced recovery through water and gas injection, subsea sampling, enhanced vertical deepwater trees (EVDT), steel lazy wave catenary risers, and high voltage multiplexed electro-hydraulic steel tube umbilicals. During its nine year development since sanctioning, the professionals, installation contractors, commercial and contractual conditions have changed and played their role on the successful deployment of the subsea systems architecture. The project's successful track history to date is largely attributed to the development and consistent application of standardized subsea hardware throughout its three distinct and independently developed phases. This paper addresses the standardized features applied to the 10,000-psi (10K) rated subsea system components at BC-10: EVDT systems and tooling, including the upper completion tools which allowed deployment through either a subsea or surface blow-out preventer; completion and intervention riser systems on the lower riser package; retrievable flow modules and flow meters; production and injection jumper kits; manifolds; subsea boosting and separation; subsea control modules; umbilicals and subsea distribution hardware. This paper also addresses how these features fit within the operator's global subsea hardware standardization program, and provides examples on how continuous improvement, lessons learned and innovations are implemented in that program.
- South America > Brazil > Espírito Santo > South Atlantic Ocean (0.34)
- Asia > Middle East > Qatar (0.28)
- South America > Brazil > Espírito Santo > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Block BC-10 > Parque das Conchas Field (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- Asia > Middle East > Qatar > Arabian Gulf > Rub' al Khali Basin > North Field > Laffan Formation (0.99)
- (17 more...)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Equipment > Well control equipment (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Downhole and wellsite flow metering (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Risers (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Abstract Many producing assets in the world have reached the so-called mature phase of development. Some of these assets have been producing for 30 to 40 years or more, which is typically beyond the design life, and have reached a water to oil ratio of 3 to 9 or more. There are many issues that affect the productivity and economic viability of these fields. Some of the challenges include integrity uncertainty in the wells, flow lines, and facilities; production bottlenecks due to the shift in gas, oil and water ratios; erosion/corrosion; increased sand production and handling costs; high chemical consumption and treatment costs; and obsolete monitoring and control systems that are incompatible with new technologies and which contribute to the need for a large number of operations staff. Generally operators are faced with the commercial decision whether to sell the asset to a low cost operator, reinvest in the asset, or incur the cost of decommissioning. While the number and complexity of these challenges are significant, there are nevertheless a number of viable options for extending the economic life of such assets. Hydrocarbon recovery and production from these fields can be enhanced by infill drilling; acid and fracture stimulation; by implementing a range of remediation techniques such as recompletion with smart systems to reduce water and solids influx to surface facilities; and by the implementation of improved and enhanced recovery methods. Selecting the optimal strategy requires a holistic perspective on subsurface issues, wells, and surface facilities, and an ability to make projections of integrated performance. This is greatly facilitated by first developing a root cause understanding of the reservoir and production fluid characteristics, and second, the use of analysis tools that allow quick and reasonably accurate assessment of options. In order to increase value from matured fields, the goal is to increase oil recovery from the historical average of 35% and to optimize production by improving the operational efficiency. To achieve this goal, in this paper we will put forward two key imperatives that extend the life of a mature field: (1) Finding and accessing the by-passed oil and (2) Maintaining High uptime during Asset production and operation. In this paper, several mature fields in Europe, Far East and Middle East are analyzed and presented in order to: –highlight the root causes for either low production and or higher operating costs; –assess the impact of both surface and subsurface uncertainties in multiple development planning scenarios; –develop the best strategies and options for improved reservoir, well and facilities management; –demonstrate the contributions of implemented new technologies that optimized performance of artificial lift, minimized downtime by well intervention and reduced operational costs by fluids flow assurance in well and surface facilities; and –list the technical and economical challenges that still face the industry.
- South America > Brazil (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East (1.00)
- Africa (1.00)
- (4 more...)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (0.68)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (0.46)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Field > Macae Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Field > Lago Feia Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Campos Basin (0.99)
- (27 more...)
Abstract Subsea processing and boosting can be key enablers or optimization alternatives for challenging field developments and their benefits increase with water depth, flowrates and step-out. Petrobras has invested a lot on the development of such technologies, supported, among other pillars, on an aggressive R&D policy through its technological programs like PROCAP, and several subsea processing and boosting systems have successfully operated in Petrobras fields. Considering that, these technologies are being considered for application in potential Petrobras' scenarios including mature and green fields. This paper aims to give an overview of the systems developed and applied in Petrobras prospects during the last twenty years, such as the Vertical Annular Separation and Pumping System (VASPS), Boosting Systems with Electrical Submersible Pumps (Mudline ESP and MOBO), Subsea Multiphase Pumps, Subsea Raw Water Injection and Subsea Oil-Water Separation (SSAO). It also reports the new R&D initiatives related to subsea processing and boosting that are being developed within PROCAP - Future Vision technology program, showing the main motivations of these developments, the main benefits of using each technology, the technological challenges and typical application scenarios. Also, this paper illustrates the analysis and evaluations performed so far, for all of the new developments presented. Introduction Petrobras has developed and applied several technologies during the last 20 years, forming a very useful " toolbox" for subsea processing and boosting applications. After successful implementation of several technology-projects, on subsea boosting and processing, Petrobras and other operators have demonstrated that such technologies are definitely a very important field development tool, as predicted decades ago. In the beginning of the exploitation of oil&gas offshore fields, the main concern is related to the initial investment to construct the production units, to drill the wells and to install all the equipment necessary for the production. During this phase, there is a lack of information regarding the field, mainly about the reservoir behavior. Normally, the reservoir behavior is calibrated during the productive life of the field. Due to this, the operators usually adopt a conventional solution, not considering the use of new technologies as the first alternative. These are considered most when they are vital for a specific field development. For most fields in Campos Basin, Brazil, the main recovery mechanism for reservoirs, since the beginning of the production, is waterflooding. A typical curve of produced fluids starts with the predominance of oil, rising to the production plateau, until the water breakthrough occurs. At this point, the production presents increasing water content in the liquid stream. So, as it is necessary a massive water injection to keep the pressure of the reservoir, after a few years the watercut of the production increases a lot. Additionally to the two aspects described above, there is also a need to overcome the constraints of existing platforms. These motivations led Petrobras to start in the early 90's the development of subsea processing and boosting solutions. Technological Programs were created to support these developments. Several processing and boosting projects were installed since year 2001, when the VASPS was deployed in the Marimba Field (Campos Basin, Brazil). These projects will be described in a brief way in this paper, focusing their main technological aspects.
- Government > Regional Government > South America Government > Brazil Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Field > Macae Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Marlim Field > Lago Feia Formation (0.99)
- South America > Brazil > Rio de Janeiro > South Atlantic Ocean > Campos Basin > Espedarte Concession > Block BM‐C‐36 > Espadarte Field (0.99)
- (6 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Offshore Facilities and Subsea Systems > Subsea processing (1.00)