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..."RESEARCH IS GOOD, BUT DOES IT HELP?" F.B. THOMAS this article begins on the next page Research is Good, but does it ...Help? Introduction The continuous search for energy routinely forces us in North America to analyse rese...
Introduction The continuous search for energy routinely forces us in North America to analyse reservoirs classified as more challenging than those in other parts of the world. The problems associated with these reservoirs can sometimes lead to a fairly complex optimization problem. This is the point at which the approach taken by various engineers and companies may deviate. The best engineers are those who can guess the approach to be taken and, due to their intuition, have great success. There is no substitute for prophecy. Unfortunately, the majority of us are faced with the necessity of trying to describe the optimal exploitation strategy by comparison to experimental and/or theoretical devices which tend to identify key parameters and improve our forecasting capability. With this in mind, it is obvious that much of scientific and engineering research has been applied to improve our ability to resolve the challenges of deeper, hotter, solids-containing and tighter reservoirs, but how much has this science really helped us? I would like to take three separate areas of petroleum engineering and address improvements which have occurred in the last few years and the impact that these technologies have had on the costeffective production of hydrocarbons from difficult reservoirs. Organic Solids Precipitation Much research and development has been perfomed in this area, particularly over the last 10 years. Many experimental techniques and theoretical models have been developed for assessing such things as incipient precipitation conditions, solid phase envelope determination, influence of chemical additives and techniques for remediating solids precipitation problems in the wellbore, such as coated tubing. The work conducted by many authors(1–8) notwithstanding, questions still abound as to what is the best way to minimize the expense associated with solids precipitation. For paraffinic systems, a test commonly performed is cloud point determination. For the type of system analysed in Figure I, where a cloud point for a specific fluid is observed, this is important information to have. Nevertheless, giving this to an operating engineer may be of little use. This information, however, can be used in conjunction with available wellbore models to produce the type of scenario shown in Figure 2, where one can identify the depth at which solid precipitation is going to occur. This technology has been applied within the last 18 months and new wells which have been drilled in this formation are being completed with a down to the depth indicated by a combination of the experimental results and the theoretical models. In this case, the benefit of being able to identify the pressurized cloud points and where the cloud point constraint was going to be violated was essential information to have when designing the wellbore. For asphaltene-dominated precipitation aromatic solvents (xylene toluene) have been routinely used to solubilize the solids once precipitated. There have been improvements in chemical technology whereby the use of high molecular weight additives appears to stabilize solids in the oil, thus changing the mechanism by which solids precipitation occurs.
- North America (0.26)
- Europe > Norway > Norwegian Sea (0.26)
- Materials > Chemicals > Commodity Chemicals > Petrochemicals (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics (0.58)
- Well Drilling (0.38)
...needed by ihe petroleum industry and by In June, 1971, the AIME held an Environmental our nation -- Help is needed by these two complexities Quality Conference in Washington. It was held in from us the in...dividual engineers who are members Washington probably to impress Congress that industry of SPE. Help is needed in applying sound engineering was interested in fighting pollution. The SPE principles to...othered to come. nut, but from the past-president of our professional The industry sorely needs the help of every petro-MEiefyj L. B. C@i @Qv., 1971 TPT Paue 1'477) ! urn--e@n r caus h p ]ic (wh h jlJ@...
...waters and our air cannot tolerate What, then, should the individual engineer do to such unloading. help? Above all, he should sense a professional and In the larger sense, we are challenged to take engin...
Help is needed by the petroleum industry and by our nation. Help is needed by these two complexities from us the individual engineers who are members of SPE. Help is needed in applying sound engineering principles to the salvation of our environment. "As members of the petroleum engineering profession, we have a fundamental responsibility to profession, we have a fundamental responsibility to society, L. B. Curtis (Nov., 1971, JPT, Page 1327). production and utilization of energy resources and production and utilization of energy resources and optimum preservation of acceptable environmental conditions." This quotation is not from an ecology nut, but from the past-president of our professional society, L. B. Curtis (Nov., 1971, JPT, Page 1327). We as members of a professional engineering society, and as individuals, are remiss in our engineering ethics because we are not committing ourselves firmly to the total protection of our environment. I write this article not as a representative of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, but as a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. It is time we took affirmative action as professional engineers to preserve and improve the environment for ourselves, our children, the public and our nation, and not the least, our clients or employers. The SPE and we the constituent members have failed to concern ourselves in the past with the pollution problems created by our industry. For example, pollution problems created by our industry. For example, the SPE's Midwest Oil and Gas Industry Symposium held in Chicago last April had only two papers remotely concerned or incidentally connected with pollution or ecology. pollution or ecology. In June, 1971, the AIME held an Environmental Quality Conference in Washington. It was held in Washington probably to impress Congress that industry was interested in fighting pollution. The SPE sessions were a miserable failure. Twelve papers were presented at the SPE sessions, and 78 at the mining presented at the SPE sessions, and 78 at the mining sessions. Only two papers in the SPE sessions were presented by engineers actively engaged in oil presented by engineers actively engaged in oil production and two by oil service company engineers. production and two by oil service company engineers. The sessions were poorly attended - only 15 to 30 petroleum engineers bothered to come. petroleum engineers bothered to come. The industry sorely needs the help of every petroleum engineer because the public (whether justly or petroleum engineer because the public (whether justly or unjustly) has risen up in indignation. The public sees and remembers the messes of Santa Barbara, San Francisco Bay, Torrey Canyon, and the blowouts in the Gulf of Mexico. The news media report, expand, slant, exaggerate and constantly remind the public of these incidents. And our politicians responded in 1970 with a law carrying a $10,000 fine for not reporting an oil spill -poor penalty indeed for so toxic a condition. In all reality we must conclude that the tide is against the oil industry, and we as petroleum engineers must rise to the challenge and petroleum engineers must rise to the challenge and help turn that tide. We all know that our industry has been guilty of insults to the environment, and these can no longer be tolerated.
- North America > United States > Illinois > Cook County > Chicago (0.26)
- North America > United States > California > San Francisco County > San Francisco (0.24)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.54)
... Mark A. Rubin, Executive Director Georgeann Bilich, Director Technical and Professional Programs Help Wanted Ross Davidson, Director of Operations, Office in Dubai Stephen Graham, Director of Operatio...
The U.K. has 1 million fewer people in their twenties The worker shortage in the oil industry goes back to the mid-1980s' oil price crash. Layoffs were widespread, and people were discouraged from joining the industry. There have been more than 1.1 million layoffs in the oil and gas industry since 1981, Some of this represents efficiency. "As an industry, we are beginning to feel President, said at the report's release. "Industry costs are increasing and our workforce is But progress in meeting this obstacle is being made.
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (0.49)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.31)
- (2 more...)
...SPE Society of Petroleum Engineer'S SPE 18909 Desirability Quotients Help Screen Investment Opportunities by B.L. Randall, Unit Corp. SPE Member Copyright 1989, Society o...
...2 DESIRABILITY QUOTIENTS HELP SCREEN INVEST't f..ENT OPPORTUNITIES SPE 18909 investment screening criteria (without the requireme...
...4 DESIRABILITY QUOTIENTS HELP SCREEN INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES SPE 18909 DERIVATION OF THE DESIRABILITY QUOTIENTS -it qPO -(a...
Abstract This paper defines two new economic valuation criteria, or desirability quotients, that are shown to be especially useful in screening potential oil and gas producing property acquisitions candidates. Both quotients have been derived to provide comprehensive measures of the quality of the reserves production stream, in that they are direct production stream, in that they are direct functions of both the magnitude and time-distribution of reserves recovery. In addition, both quotients are unique to any previously defined valuation criteria in that they are direct, quantitative functions of simple payout time. It is demonstrated that, given a value for either desirability quotient and a value for maximum payout time, a preliminary estimate of a potential project's preliminary estimate of a potential project's present worth can be generated without computing a present worth can be generated without computing a cash flow projection. The development of the desirability quotients parallels that of the deferment factor introduced parallels that of the deferment factor introduced by Brons and McGarry in the late 1950's. However, several differences have been incorporated into the derivation of the desirability quotients; namely,whereas the deferment factors of Brons and McGarry were to be applied to declining rates of income, the desirability quotients are functions of production stream characteristics, thus precluding production stream characteristics, thus precluding the necessity for predicting future product prices, and specifically, the desirability quotients are functions of the after payout production stream; thus, opposite of most common economic valuation criteria, they are independent of the time distribution of reserves recovery during the pre-payout years, and the two desirability pre-payout years, and the two desirability quotients introduced in this paper, DQA and DQT, have as their denominators the acquisition cost and the total (acquisition plus lifting) cost, respectively. Hence, the desirability quotients are direct measures of the acquisition's magnitude and time distribution of after-payout reserves recovery per acquisition (or per total) dollar invested. per acquisition (or per total) dollar invested. The application of the desirability quotients to a field of twenty hypothetical acquisitions is presented and discussed, as well as a comparison presented and discussed, as well as a comparison of the investment ranking behaviors of the desirability quotients to those of commonly used economic criteria. Specifically, it is shown that in the evaluation of certain types of projects under certain economic assumptions, the ranking behaviors of both desirability quotients will be virtually identical to that of the discounted profit to investment ratio, DPR. P. 53
- North America > United States > Oklahoma (0.46)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
...OTC 23989 Contractors: A Help or Hindrance to Your SEMS Program Pisces Carmichael, MS, CSP, Lloyd's Register North America, Inc...rogram before (or in case) it becomes specifically required of them by the BSEE. This approach will help ensure proper planning into future projects, costs, and contract resources. Significance of subject...nformation to understand the minimum SEMS contractor expectations to ensure their contractors are a help and not a hindrance to their regulatory compliant and effective operator SEMS program and audit. L...
...ontractors have a significant influence and stake holding in these four objectives. This paper will help offshore oil and gas operators understand the minimum contractor expectations to ensure their contr...actors are a help and not a hindrance to a regulatory compliant and effective operator SEMS program and audit. The au..., this means API RP 75 is incorporated and the word "should" now means must. The goal of SEMS is to help operators (and indirectly their contractors) identify and manage the safety hazards and environment...
... could be very broad, but both the consequence of the violation and contractor's direct involvement help taper down the contractor's likelihood of receiving an INC. Figure 2: BSEEE Contractor INC Criteri...SEMS rule went into effect. As an aid to prevent inefficiency on this effort, the COS has a goal to help establish industry standardization and guidance to manage SEMS as it relates to operator audits and...
Abstract Application The new regulatory era for offshore oil and gas exploration and production in the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) is still evolving and requires operators to take a hard internal assessment of how they stand against current US regulations like Title 30 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 250, Subpart S- Safety and Environmental Management System (SEMS). Results, Observations, and Conclusions The SEMS regulation has created a combination of interest, anxiety, and uncertainty within the upstream industry. Recent BSEE district investigation data shows that contractors are an important factor in incident records. Clever offshore contract organizations have taken a proactive approach to establish their own comprehensive SEMS-like program before (or in case) it becomes specifically required of them by the BSEE. This approach will help ensure proper planning into future projects, costs, and contract resources. Significance of subject matter For those interested in the contractor SEMS impact, the primary learning objectives and outcomes of this paper include:Review contractor-specific SEMS elements and requirements Understand four important SEMS contractor takeawaysOperators must conduct initial SEMS program audits by November 2013 and then every 3 years thereafter. Operators must conduct and document contractor selection processes, safety evaluations, and verify contractor personnel knowledge and skills in advance of performing work. BSEE will take SEMS enforcement action against contractors not meeting expectations. Within 30 days of the audit close, operators must send BSEE a detailed corrective action plan (CAP) that identifies each responsible person by name and job title. Review BSEE district investigation report data findings Gain knowledge of existing contractor management guidance, ideas, and resources Description of the material This paper provides operators with the necessary information to understand the minimum SEMS contractor expectations to ensure their contractors are a help and not a hindrance to their regulatory compliant and effective operator SEMS program and audit.
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
...Characterization of the dolomite reservoirs with the help of photoelectric index volume Ritesh Kumar Sharma*, Satinder Chopra and Amit Kumar Ray, Arcis Se...
...Characterization of the dolomite reservoirs with the help of photoelectric index volume a hydrothermally dolomitized reservoir which has a purposes. Thin-be...
...Characterization of the dolomite reservoirs with the help of photoelectric index volume Figure 2b: The back projection of points enclosed Figure2a: Crossplo...
Summary Carbonate sedimentary rocks that have been fractured, or dolomitized and laterally sealed by tight undolomitized limestone, are frequently seen to produce hydrocarbons. However, the differentiation between limestones and dolomites is a challenge. The purpose of this work is to describe a workflow for discriminating limestones and dolomites, and to map the lateral extent of dolomite reservoir rocks that have a thickness below the seismic resolution. For this study, we have used the photoelectric index (Pe) well log curve as it is a sensitive indicator of mineralogy. At any well location, Pe exhibits somewhat higher, but flat trend for background limestone. Relative to this flat trend the dolomite units are represented by low values of Pe. However, such well log curves are available only at the location of the wells. We demonstrate an approach of computing Pe volume from the seismic P- and S-impedance volumes. We begin our exercise by crossplotting the P-impedance (IP) against the S-impedance (IS) color coded with Pe curve using the well log data. In IP-IS crossplot space, we highlight the discrimination between the limestone and dolomite clusters by choosing an axis of rotation to highlight the desired discrimination. The result of such a rotation is a single display attribute we call lithology impedance (LI) to identify the formation lithology. Furthermore, its relationship with the Pe curve is established for obtaining Pe volume from the seismic data. The issue of the resolution of the seismic data is addressed by using a thinbed reflectivity inversion.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock > Limestone (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock > Dolomite (1.00)
...How geophysics can help the geothermal industry Erika Gasperikova 1 * and William Cumming 2 1 Lawrence Berkeley Na..., support the temperature, production and formation data, if they exist; 2) repeat microgravity and help characterize reservoir pressure gas and water geochemistry and temperature of fumaroles, and temper...
...How geophysics can help the geothermal industry of a permeable zone associated with karsted carbonate ambiguity in volcani...
...How geophysics can help the geothermal industry is set. Nonetheless, field models might be improved if well log data were ...
Geothermal energy resources are sustainable if the rates of energy extraction and recharge are balanced, and renewable over 100s of years if not. Electric power generation and district heating have been supported commercially by producing hot water from permeable geothermal reservoirs at 200 to 4000 m depth from 200 to 380°C magmatically heated systems for 100 years, from 80 to 220°C deep-circulation fault-hosted systems for 40 years, and from 100 to 150°C deep sedimentary systems for 20 years. Research is ongoing to develop power from >380°C supercritical magmatic systems and from enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) created in low permeability hot rocks that are found within drillable depths worldwide. The geophysical applications that are relevant to geothermal exploration and development depend on the geoscience and practical context. Magnetotelluric (MT) surveys are the default exploration method for imaging the low resistivity impermeable smectite clay that caps almost all volcano-hosted reservoirs. MT is typically more effective than reflection seismic for imaging shale caps of geothermal reservoirs hosted in sediments. Less reliably, MT supplements microseismic monitoring of shallow magma that can limit rift-hosted geothermal reservoirs. Transient electromagnetic, gravity and magnetic surveys are sometimes relevant in narrower contexts. For deep sedimentary geothermal targets, high quality 3D seismic reflection survey is essential for targeting wells on permeable, water saturated rock. Well logs are important in modeling the petrophysics of potential permeable zones. After a >230°C field is developed, repeat microgravity surveys are used to monitor boiling and phase change. Subsidence surveys, where feasible using InSar, support the repeat microgravity and help characterize reservoir pressure and temperature changes. Because injecting cold water into very hot rock induces microseismic events, seismic monitoring arrays are routinely installed to track injection, characterize the structural compartments of reservoirs, and predict the depth to the base of the permeable reservoir. Microseismic monitoring surveys are also crucial to understanding the dimensions and properties of both EGS and supercritical systems. New geophysical technology of particular relevance to the geothermal industry includes 3D joint inversion, greater integration with well logs, improved characterization of uncertainty in 3D inversions, and adapting geophysical methods to higher risk geothermal prospects less analogous to the archetypes for which the current methods have proven most useful. Presentation Date: Monday, October 12, 2020 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 3:30 PM Location: 361F Presentation Type: Oral
- North America > United States (0.95)
- Oceania (0.69)
- Geology > Mineral > Silicate > Phyllosilicate (0.72)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Volcanology (0.71)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.67)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (0.48)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Resource (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Oceania > Australia > Victoria > Otway Basin (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > South Australia > Otway Basin (0.99)
- Asia > Indonesia > West Java > Darajat Field (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Northern North Sea > South Viking Graben > PL 272 > Block 30/11 > NOAKA Project > Krafla-Askja Field (0.94)
...Session No. 780 Use Innovation to Help Employees Remember Training Fred E. Fanning, M.Ed., MA Fredericksburg, VA Introduction The goal ...
...opment Conference, 2006. Des Plaines, IL, USA. Fanning, Fred. "Train Me Please: Using Innovation to Help Employees Remember Safety Training." Proceedings of the 2011 ASSE Professional Development Conferen...ce, 2011. Des Plaines, IL, USA. ________. "Train Me Please: Using Innovation to Help Employees Remember Safety Training." Proceedings of the 2009 ASSE Professional Development Conferen...
Introduction The goal of safety training ought to be to enable workers to learn the material and retain it for use in the workplace to prevent injuries, illnesses, and property damage. Workers that learn the material and don't retain it are likely to commit unsafe acts or allow hazards to exist. In either case, not retaining the material can lead to illnesses, injuries, and property damage. Like many of you, I sat through classes over the years with experts that I thought would provide me with answers to my job's most challenging safety hazards. Unfortunately, I took little or nothing away. I think safety expert Sharon Bowman has it right. She says the bottom line in training is to "give it to them so they get it" (Bowman, 2003). "Giving information to a student so they "get it" takes innovation, which I define as a desire to do things differently, through activity, with the student in mind, while making every effort to ensure the learning material is accessible" (Fiori and Fanning, 2014). Background As safety trainers, we must recognize that adults should not be taught like children because they come to training with a lot of life experiences. Furthermore, readers come to this paper with life experiences and some knowledge about how adults learn. This paper is an opportunity for the reader to build on what they already know or perhaps change it to something that works better (Fanning, 2009). Grimaldi and Simonds identified providing education and training as one of the most important steps in carrying out a logical and orderly safety and health program (Grimaldi and Simonds, 1993). If done right, this important step will allow workers and management to know what their roles and responsibilities are in providing training that workers retain. Adults are trained by a number of methods in addition to lecture. "Job rotations, special assignments, reflecting on the experience, coaching, and counseling, mentoring, manager as teacher, learning teams and self-development, and individual development plans are just a few" (Getting Results, 1997). Each method has its benefits and deficits. Adults must be given credit for life experiences they bring to the training. Also, the trainer must provide opportunities for the adults to engage in the learning process. By engaging adults, the trainer increases retention and understanding.
- Management > Professionalism, Training, and Education (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Safety (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Health > Strategic health management (0.49)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Artificial intelligence (0.34)
...Paper No. CORROSION 00162 2000 SELECTING MATERIALS FOR OCTG WITH THE HELP OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM. A.Kopliku, P.Cavassi ENI S.p.A. Agip Division Via Emilia 1, 20097 Sa...
...xperienced engineer the system is very helpful in performing the routine part of the work. With the help of such software it is easy to collect all the useful data (without forgetting any), to make all th...riteria used for the selection of the corrosion control methods. Another way of using the ES was to help the completion engineers in their preventive selection of materials and making them aware of the po...
ABSTRACT The paper describes the approach, developed by two oil and gas companies, in the formulation of rules for the material selection for OCTGs, used in a software developed to support corrosion engineers on their job. Zones are defined, based on pH and pHzS values, according in principle to the European Federation for Corrosion approach to sour environment definition. For each zone a set of rules, depending principally on the chloride content and temperature, is applied not only to decide if the material is applicable or not but also to assign to each material, in a given environment, a performance index (PI). The performance index is a parameter indicating the judgment upon the resistance of the material in given conditions even in the cases where there is not a fully reliable applicability of the material. In this case the performance index gives a qualitative evaluation on the probability of the material to resist in the given conditions and helps the corrosion engineer to decide on the opportunity to make testing on that material and which type of testing. In a first phase the PI is evaluated for each form of corrosion attack: uniform corrosion, localized corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, etc., and in a second phase these partial PIs are combined to form a overall PI for each material. The software also uses the PI as an input to the risk evaluation module that makes the evaluation based upon the PI and the possible consequences of a failure. Another application of the PI in the software is to perform the economical comparison between different alternative materials for the well completion. Having a complete scenario that considers corrosion resistance, risk and economical evaluation it will be easier for the corrosion engineer to make his decision. INTRODUCTION In the late 80s and beginning of the 90s it was observed a high activity on the expert systems (ES) development in different fields including that of corrosion and materials. In the last years, a slowdown of such developments is observed and only a few new products on corrosion related topics have been presentedl,2,3,4,5. At the beginning it seemed that expert systems could do almost everything human experts can do, but this view was too optimistic. In the last years, it seems that almost the opposite opinion is overwhelming being this time too pessimistic. As a meter of fact new systems has been continuously presented6,7,8,9 even if not developed by oil companies. All the reasons for the pessimistic attitude are not clear but it seems that the ES are considered difficult and expensive to develop and even more difficult to maintain and upgrade. The very fast developments in the software technology, with new languages, development tools and environments, with substantial improvements, that are released quite frequently, makes the ESs look old at the moment they become available even if only a few years have been necessary for the development. The first expert system on material selection developed by Eni was ready in 1993, after two years of work. The ES performed the selection of the materials for the tubing of oil and gas production wells and has been already described in previous papers m'l 1. After some years of use we concluded that the tool was very helpful on the everyday work of the corrosion engineers and e very good consultant for completion engineers. This experience was followed by other in-house developments of ESs on material selection and corrosion control of pipelines 12 and on the evaluation of the probability of a corrosion failure 13. A~er some years of use, and after a positive judgment by the users, it was decided to develop a new ES on material sel
- Europe (0.47)
- North America > United States (0.28)
...PETROLEUM SOCIETY OF CIM 75-D3 THIS IS A PREPRINT - SUBJECT TO CORRECTION HELP WANTED I - TO REAP ALBERTA S THIRD OIL HARVEST By T. Don Stacy, Amoco Canada Petroleum Com...
...aterflood projects in existence available for application as secondary recovery today. schemes to help recover an additional increment of oil from already proven reserves. 2. A more attractive economic ...
ABSTRACT The total conventional oil deposits in the province of Alberta has beenestimated to be 34.3 billion barrels with some 36% recoverable under presentoperations. This leaves 21.9 billion barrels of presently unrecoverable oilwhich should be a major concern in considering the future potential of Alberta's oil reserves. A complete examination of our thinking on enhanced recovery is needed. Theexisting royalty incentives are apparently designed for low cost "Second Harvest" waterfloods, but are inadequate to encourage field tests of exoticprojects involving high cost LPG, micellar products, or CO2. Furthermore, recovery levels from this "Third Harvest" may be lower; yet they require verylarge frontend investments. Much work is needed in the laboratory and in thefield, as field pilots, developing the technology to apply advanced techniquesto tertiary reserves. Substantial improvement in economic incentive is requiredto encourage development of this technology. In addition, infill drilling is discussed as a technique to improverecovery. Drilling active waterfloods to a closer spacing yields from 2–8%greater recovery. These additional reserves are also "high cost" reserves andwill likely not be recovered without some additional incentive. The mostlogical incentive is their recognition as "new" reserves for royaltypurposes. BACKGROUND Increased awareness of the importance of oil and gas resources has promptedgovernments here and abroad to increase their control over oil and gas pricingand production. Basic and dramatic changes in royalty and tax regulations havebeen introduced, often hastily conceived to increase governments share of theresource revenue. As a result, legislation enacted may actually cause damage inareas of vital interest to both government and industry – efficient recovery ofreserves and maintaining optimum producing rates. This study discussesadditional reserves which might be recovered by use of third generationrecovery methods. In-house studies have shown that few, if any of these methodswould be economic under existing legislation. These so called "exotic" schemesare sometimes referred to as "improved recovery", or "tertiary recovery".
- North America > Canada > Alberta (1.00)
- Europe > United Kingdom > North Sea > Central North Sea (0.25)