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...ns of documents in any projects specially those who aim to use machine learning methods can lead to errors, inefficiencies, and suboptimal decisions, which result in the use of additional resources, such as...proposed solution is composed of two pipelines: (1) batch processing to store the features from the reference database and (2) query processing to extract features from incoming documents and compare them with... the reference database. As the first step, a checksums comparison is considered to identify the exact duplicates,...
...ng to rotating machines are indexed and stored in a subsidiary sharepoint database. On the other, a reference document base hosted at the Head Quarter. The subsidiary database contains some documents that alre...ady exist in the reference database, but in general the version of documents in the ...reference database is more recent. We have successfully used our pipelines to identify perfect duplicates and...
... be available, which is important in all industrial domains including the petroleum sector to avoid errors and inconsistencies. In addition, deduplication is a key step to consider in data preprocessing for...dologies, and trends. Furthermore, inefficient document retrieval can result in significant delays, errors, and lost opportunities. Therefore, efficient document retrieval and ensuring the use of the up-to-...
Abstract Identifying technical document duplications is a crucial task to optimize storage resources and improve document management and retrieval processes. This helps to ensure that the most up-to-date version of documents is going to be available, which is important in all industrial domains including the petroleum sector to avoid errors and inconsistencies. In addition, deduplication is a key step to consider in data pre-processing for training large machine learning models. This paper tackles the task of duplicate detection in technical reports by proposing a hybrid solution based on open-source libraries on computer vision. The proposed solution has been evaluated on a large set of data and provided promising results which can help us to optimize our storage. We observed the solution is flexible enough to adapt to different scenarios and different types of reports. Having such a solution will potentially lead to reducing the carbon footprint in IT infrastructures.
- Information Technology > Information Management (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Natural Language > Text Processing (0.85)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Neural Networks (0.69)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Pattern Recognition > Image Matching (0.50)
...s of both models are shown in Figures 16 and 17, respectively. The true results computed from the reference fine-scale model are plotted as the thick, light curves. It is evident that the reservoir models n...loser to the true results with significantly less uncertainty. The low permeability barrier in the reference find grid model between the injection well and W1 is not well captured in the inverse coarse grid... models when the injected water is at pore volume injected (PV J) of 1.0. The true values from the reference field are shown in the same figure by bullets. The accuracy and uncertainty of forecasting are la...
... at well i 1,..., ny and time t ty, ..., th. [Wl]: is the inverse covariance matrix of observation errors at time f. If pressure measurement ...errors at different wells are independent, {W)]. is a diagonal matrix with the form of Wit [Wh ot Wn,,...ient of the objective function on the null space of the gradients of the binding constraints (see reference 9 for details). (B-5)...
...aints and the static data as well. A review of available inverse techniques has been presented in reference '8. In this paper, the Sequential Self-Calibration (SSC) inverse technique is adapted to invert pe...
Abstract This paper presents a methodology to generate maps of high resolution permeability from multiple well single-phase flow rate and pressure data. The dynamic, i.e. temporal, production data contains important information about the interwell permeability distribution that should be integrated with static data, such as well and seismic data, to generate reservoir models to provide reliable input to reservoir simulation and reservoir management. A two-step procedure is proposed for such data integration:establish the spatial constraints on large-scale permeability trends due to the production data using an inverse technique, and construct the detailed geostatistical reservoir models subject to those spatial constraints using geostatistical techniques. The single-phase pressure and production data could be provided by permanent pressure gauges, simultaneous multiple well tests, or flow rates under primary depletion. Production data and reservoir petrophysical properties, specifically permeability. are nonlinearly related through flow equations. Establishing the spatial constraints on permeability due to production data calls for the solution of a difficult inverse problem. This paper adapts the Sequential Self-Calibration (SSC) inverse technique to single-phase multiple- well transient pressure and rate data. The SSC method is an iterative geostatistically-based inverse method coupled with an optimization procedure that generates a series of coarse grid 2-D permeability realizations, whose numerical flow simulations correctly reproduce the production data. Inverse results using two synthetic data sets show this SSC implementation to be flexible, computationally efficient, and robust. Fine-scale models generated by down-scaling the SSC generated coarse-scale models (using simulated annealing) are shown to preserve the match to the production data at the coarse-scale. Finally, reservoir performance prediction results show how the integration of production data can dramatically improve the accuracy of production forecasting with significantly less uncertainty. Introduction Optimal reservoir management requires reliable performance forecasts with as little uncertainty as possible. Incomplete data and inability to model the physics of fluid flow at a suitably small scale lead to uncertainty. Uncertainties in the detailed description of reservoir lithofacies porosity, and permeability are large contributors to uncertainty in reservoir performance forecasting. Reducing this uncertainty can only be achieved by integrating additional data in reservoir modeling. A large variety of geostatistical techniques have been developed that construct reservoir models conditioned to diverse types of static data including hard well data and soft seismic data. Commonly, a number of techniques are applied sequentially to model the large reservoir geometry, the lithofacies, and then petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability. However, conventional geostatistical techniques including Gaussian, indicator, annealing-based, or object-based methods are not suited to directly integrate dynamic production data. Production data and reservoir petrophysical properties are related to each other through flow equations which are highly nonlinear. As a consequence, accounting for dynamic engineering data in geostatistical reservoir modeling is a difficult inverse problem. Nevertheless, historical production data are often the most important information because they provide a direct measure of the actual reservoir response to the recovery process that form the basis for reservoir management decisions. Integrating dynamic production data is an important outstanding problem in reservoir characterization. Ideally, we want to directly match all types of production data in the reservoir model at the required resolution simultaneously with other types of geological and geophysical data. A number of inverse techniques have been developed for this purpose. P. 115^
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- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Geologic modeling (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production data management (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Spatial Reasoning (0.75)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Constraint-Based Reasoning (0.75)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Statistical Learning > Gradient Descent (0.34)
...use the volume of gas passing through the meter is not the same as the total volume measured by the reference gas meter. Therefore, introducing directly the above equation [1] in the pattern recognition algori...thm would lead to high errors. In our case, we considered the conservation of mass instead of volume flow rate using the followin...
...ed multistage neural network could track in real-time (i.e. in less than 2 msec. sampling rate) the reference in the ranges [20 to 100% water-cut and [0 to 40% gas] respectively. The overall relative ...errors are provided in the next section. Figure 10 shows another experience of gas fraction determination ... a (W) is the volume flow rate of water measured by the proposed MPFM, whereas Q r (W) is the reference volume flow rate of water measured by the ...
... ) Mg Mass flow rate (in kg/hr) Qa(W) Volume flow rate of water measured by the proposed MPFM Qr(W) Reference Volume flow rate of water measured by the single phase flow meter 2 BACKGROUND AND DRIVING PARAMET...
ABSTRACT In this paper, a Multilayer neural network has been developed to carry out the fusion of multi-sensor information for a new multiphase flow meter (MPFM) device. The velocity and density of each phase are determined using the fluid electrical and acoustic property signals which are combined with the physical models of multiphase fluids, in addition to the venturi, differential pressure, and absolute pressure sensors. Two rings of high and low frequency ultrasonic sensors are used to overcome the uncertainties of the electrical sensors in the range of 40–60% water-cut for low and high gas fractions respectively. Experimental results on a multiphase flow loop show that real-time classification of phase flow rates for up to 90% gas fraction can be achieved with less than 10% relative error.
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Multiphase flow (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Downhole and wellsite flow metering (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Neural networks (1.00)
...rk for predicting marine engine performance parameters. 2. The second approach exhibited percentage errors (compared to Ships and Offshore Structures, 15:443-452, 4 2020. ISSN ...reference values) in the range of 2% for in-cylinder pressure 17445302. doi: 10.1080/17445302.2019.1661619. p...neural network (ann). are those of the authors and should not be construed to reflect the volume 2, pages 186-189, 2010. ISBN 9781424455850. doi: views of Innovate UK, DNV AS and RCCL. 10.1109/ICCAE.2010...
...provide the performance of the two approaches in comparison ȳ) 2 i=1 (y (9) with the respective reference values (dotted lines). The second proposed approach with Fourier coefficients pressure estimation w...elled in Figure 7. It is evident that the percentage error from the second values exactly match the reference values, R 2 becomes equal to 1. approach (blue) has 95% of ...errors being between 1%, whilst the single point based approach f(N, P, α) exhibits ...
...ating developed ANNs. The derived results demonstrate that the second approach exhibits mean square errors within 2% and requires the lowest computations cost, rendering it appropriate for marine engines DT...
First principle Digital Twins (DT) for marine engines are widely used to estimate in-cylinder pressure, which is a key parameter informing health of ship power plants. However, development and application of DT faces barriers, as they require exhaustive calibration and high computational power, which render their implementation for shipboard systems challenging. This study aims at developing a data-driven DT of low computational cost for predicting instantaneous pressure. Two different approaches using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with distinct input parameters are assessed. The first predicts in-cylinder pressure as a function of the phase angle, whereas the second predicts the discrete Fourier coefficients (FC) corresponding to the in-cylinder pressure variations. The case study of a conventional medium speed four-stroke diesel marine engine is employed, for which the first principle DT based on a thermodynamic, zero dimensional approach was setup and calibrated against shop trials measurements. The DT is subsequently employed to generate data for training and validating developed ANNs. The derived results demonstrate that the second approach exhibits mean square errors within ±2% and requires the lowest computations cost, rendering it appropriate for marine engines DTs. Sensitivity analysis results verify the amount of training data and number of Fourier coefficients required to achieve adequate accuracy.
- Research Report > New Finding (0.48)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.34)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (0.95)
...y to replenish the data set with new samples and process SEM and QEMSCAN images to minimize initial errors in the images Conclusions According to the results of our experiments, of the deep learning model...075-10-2020-119 within the framework of the development program for a world-class Research Center. Reference 1. Abhishek Chaurasia and Eugenio Culurciello. Linknet: Exploiting encoder representations for eff...icient semantic segmentation. 2017 IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP) pages 1-4, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/VCIP.2017.8305148. 2. Arash Aghaei. Multiscale rock imaging syst...
...acks. The main disadvantage of these methods is the need for high labor costs and possible critical errors in the results due to the subjective experience of the operator. In addition, classical methods suc...
...This filter uses the method of comparing the histograms of one image based on the histograms of the reference image. Thus, a ...reference SEM image was selected, whose intensity distribution was the most representative, and the mentioned...
Abstract The approaches of building and methods of using the digital core are currently developing rapidly. The use of these methods makes it possible to obtain petrophysical information by non-destructive methods quickly. Digital rock physics includes two main stages: constructing models and modeling various physical processes on the obtained models. Our work proposes using deep learning methods for mineral and pore space segmentation instead of classical methods such as threshold image processing. Deep neural networks have long been able to show their advantages in many areas of computer vision. This paper proposes and tests methods that help identify different minerals in images from a scanning electron microscope. We used images of rocks of the Achimov formation, which are arkoses, as samples. We tested various deep neural networks such as LinkNet, U-Net, ResUNet, and pix2pix and identified those that performed best in segmentation.
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.46)
... In a third simulation study, the robustness against lidar wind platform pitch preview measurement errors is examined. For this investigation, a 4 turbulent wind field with turbulence class "A" according t...s of the 1 h simulation at 16 m/s. For the calculation of the Damage Equivalent Loads (DELs), 150 a reference number of cycles n ref 2 10 6 is used. Further, a Wöhler exponent of m 4 is assumed for th...
...ings of the The lidar data processing and the feedback and feedforward American Control Conference, pages 4434-4439, Portland, Oregon, controller are implemented in modular, compiled form such that USA. a ...eorologische the wave preview e.g. by wave radar systems can be used to Zeitschrift, volume 24(6), pages 565-579. additionally reduce the loads at the wave spectrum frequencies. Schlipf, D, Raach, S, Koch...predictive control of wind turbines using LIDAR," Wind Energy, greatly acknowledged. volume 16(7), pages 1107-1129. References Schlipf, D, Simley, E, Lemmer, F, Pao, L, and Cheng, PW (2015b). "Collective...
...nly canceling the impact of wind speed changes on controller based on a wind speed preview. A 10 MW reference the aerodynamic torque, but to the aerodynamic thrust as well. wind turbine is used on a semi subme...et al. (2020a)) with the floating offshore turbines (FOWTs) is even more promising, since DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine (Bak et al. (2013)), and their dynamics depend heavily on the aerodynamic thrust, see ...
ABSTRACT In this work a multi-variable feedforward controller for floating wind turbines is presented. The feedforward controller provides a pitch rate and a torque update to a conventional feedback controller based on a wind speed preview. A 10 MW reference wind turbine is used on a semi submersible floating platform to study the potential of the controller. An open-source simulation tool is extended with an realistic lidar simulator and the lidar data processing, feedforward controller, and feedback controller are implemented in modular setup. The lidar measurements are fully motion compensated and combined to provide a preview of the rotor-effective wind speed to the controller. The feedforward controller is designed to minimize structural loads and to decrease the platform pitch motion. In verification and simulation studies the concept is demonstrated and the multi-variable feedforward controller shows a promising improvement in speed regulation and load reduction on the floating wind turbine. INTRODUCTION Lidar-assisted control is a promising technology to reduce structural loads and increase energy production for wind turbines. The technology has proven its capability to improve control performance for onshore wind turbines in field tests. The impact on floating offshore turbines (FOWTs) is even more promising, since their dynamics depend heavily on the aerodynamic thrust, see Schlipf et al. (2015b). Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) with lidar wind preview was applied to a 5MW wind turbine by Schlipf et al. (2013) and Raach et al. (2014b). Also, a collective pitch feedforward controller was optimized for FOWTs by Schlipf et al. (2015b) to cancel out the impact of wind speed changes to the aerodynamic torque. Wave preview was subject of different works with the aim of canceling wave forcing through the knowledge of the incoming wave field. A state-space wave force model was developed in Lemmer et al. (2016a) in order to model the Froude-Krylov forces in real time based on the instantaneous free-surface elevation. The question of how to design a wave feedforward controller was addressed recently by Al (2019).
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- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment (0.92)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (0.90)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Offshore Facilities and Subsea Systems (0.67)
...ular, well log data were B. Self-Learning Programs and Pattern Recognition developed. A long (44 pages) paper by A. I. Solomasov In well logging, whether for petroleum, coal, metals discusses statistica... "using a computer with a 'self-learning' or pattern rock properties, and analysis of the effect of errors in the recognition program." basic data (both geophysical and reservoir). Solomasov develops these...
...was excluded from the suite. If the number of Let us introduce a n-dimensional space of parameters, errors did not increase, this meant that the log in question in which a definite point will correspond to ... problem at hand. If, on the other can assume any numerical value. Our problem hand, the number of errors increased, this meant that consists of separating in the n-dimensional space the the informativity...ffered from zero. The points belonging to limestone from those of sandstone. higher the increase in errors the more informative was This can be done by a recognition program. the log in question. Each ident...
...autc computers for several novel approaches to log interpretation regulation in accordance with a reference signal which have not been tried in this country. Many is used to ensure stability. comprehensive ...Nuclear Geology and Geophysics, According to the Exploitation-Geophysical Data", pp 88-which is 351 pages long.26 Both the radioactivity 117 of book Geophysical Surveys in Wells, Editor S.G. of the whole r...
Logging research in the U.S.S.R. is carried out in a number of institutes, including (1) in Moscow the All Union Research Institute for Nuclear Geophysics and Geochemistry, the I.M. Gubkin Institute for the Petrochemical and Gas Industry, and the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Geophysics (VNII) and (2) in various Branches of these institutes outside of Moscow, as for Example the Volga-Ural Branch of VNII. International conferences on well logging were held in Poland in 1962 and in 1965. A U. S. exchange delegation visit to the Soviet Union in 1965 included many aspects of well logging. From these meetings and the published Russian language literature on well logging, the author has compiled a review of recent developments in well logging in the U.S.S.R. The principal topics covered in this review are acoustical and nuclear logging methods and log interpretation. Acoustic logs are used in open and cased holes in much the same way as in the U. S. acoustic velocity logs for porosity; acoustic amplitude logs for studying the elastic properties of rocks, for fracture location and for indicating cement bonding of casing. A variety of radioactivity logs are in widespread use. The gamma-gamma log has been developed primarily for evaluation of cement behind pipe and in minerals prospecting; it is used to a lesser extent for formation density determination. Pulsed neutron logs are in widespread use and are run in both open and cased holes. Log interpretation work includes studies of high salinity formation waters and high alinity muds, identification of fractured reservoirs, and the use of computers for log analysis. Computers are used in gamma-ray log interpretation; to provide a lithologic log from the combination of several logs; and by means of "self-learning" programs to make statistical analyses of suites of logs for providing various geological and geophysical parameters.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.68)
- Europe > Russia > Central Federal District > Moscow Oblast > Moscow (0.46)
- North America > United States > California (0.46)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
...reservoir rocks using geophysical data and, in particular, well log data were developed. A long (44 pages) paper by A. I. Solomasov discusses statistical methods for obtaining curves relating geophysical d...relations between the geophysical data and reservoir rock properties, and analysis of the effect of errors in the basic data (both geophys ica 1 and reservoir). Solomasov develops these concepts for correla...
...interpret an unknown stratum in the 1 ight of the entire compendium of well log data. The number of errors in identification is approximately one third of that which occurs when log analysts interpret the d...mativity" of the various methods of logging, including nuclear logs. For this purpose the number of errors made by the program in identification of oilbearing and water-bearing layers using the whole suite ...s compared with the identifications made when one log was excluded from the suite. If the number of errors did not increase, this meant that the log in question introduced no new information into the set of...
...fect of the cable is eliminated by a blocking system, and automatic regulation in accordance with a reference signal is used to ensure stability. D. Natural Radioactivity Numerous measurements (490 samples) of...ht analyzer. He is,the editor of a 19262 book entitled Nuclear Geology and Geophysics, which is 351 pages long. Both the radioactivity of the whole rock and of i ts cornponen ts, the soluble part and t...
ABSTRACT Logging research in the U. S. S. R. is carried out in a number of institutes, including (1) in Moscow the All-Union Research Institute for Nuclear Geophysics and Geochemistry, the I. M. Gubkin Institute for the petrochemical and Gas Industry, and the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Geophysics (VNII) in various branches of these institutes outside of Moscow, as for example the Volga-Ural Branch of VNII. International conferences on well logging were held in Poland in 1962 and in 1965. A U. S. exchange delegation visit to the Soviet Union in 1965 included many aspects of well logging. From these meetings and the published Russian language literature on well logging, the author has compiled a review of recent developments in well logging in the U. S. S. R. The principal topics covered in this review are acoustical and nuclear logging methods and log interpretation. Acoustic logs are used in open and cased holes in much the same way as in the U. S. - acoustic velocity logs for porosity; acoustic amplitude logs for studying the elastic properties of rocks, for fracture location and for indicating cement bonding of casing. A variety of radioactivity logs are in widespread use. The gamma-gamma log has been developed primarily for evaluation of cement behind pipe and in minerals prospecting; it is used to a lesser extent for formation density determination. Pulsed neutron logs are in widespread use and are run in both open and cased holes. Log interpretation work includes studies of high salinity formation waters and high salinity muds, identification of fractured reservoirs, and the use of computers for log analysis. Computers are used in gamma-ray log interpretation; to provide a lithologic log from the combination of several logs; and by means of "self-learning" programs to make statistical analyses of suites of logs for providing various geological and geophysical parameters.
- North America > United States (1.00)
- Europe > Russia > Central Federal District > Moscow Oblast > Moscow (0.47)
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.94)
...te the short term of the simulations described in this paper, it is possible to obtain low tracking errors and slight increasing for the oil production. The minimization performance detailed in the evolutio...valuations. However, the GA explores the solutions in a better way. It translates in lower tracking errors. The two level strategy is highly dependent of the optimization layer. If no proper ...reference trajectories are defined, the regulatory layer requires a fine model to find feasible solutions. Ot...
...was implemented based on numerical model of real and complex oil reservoir. This feature avoids the errors introduced by the simplified reservoir models compared with the similar works found in the state of... art. Using a NMPC controller for tracking the optimal reference trajectory considerably mitigates the impact of uncertainties of the reservoir simulation model. A...
... predictive control to take the real operational short-term actions that allow tracking the optimal reference as close as possible. This strategy acts proactively and it has the potential to improve the produc...he long term optimization and provides the optimal steady state water injections and oil production reference trajectories. The inner loop is responsible to control the oil production rates manipulating the wa...e reservoir life cycle as a result the optimal steady state of water injection rates (u s ) and reference trajectories (y s ) of well oil production rates are obtained. In this way, the accumulated oil...
Abstract This paper describes the results of applying a strategy of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for closed-loop optimization of the water flooding process simulation on a reversed pattern of 5 wells in the field YARIGUÍ –CANTAGALLO operated by Ecopetrol SA in Colombia. Field modeling and predictions are made through the use of a commercial reservoir simulator. The solution of the optimization problem of nonlinear control loop is determined using an approach that uses the reservoir model as a black-box by looking for patterns and sequential algorithms. To manage the information of operational variables required by the optimization strategy, an interface was developed by managing online the output files of the commercial simulator. NMPC algorithm stability is achieved by finding sub-optimal solutions of the optimization problem. The robustness and performance of the NMPC strategy is illustrated by its implementation to optimize the water flooding process simulation represented by a model with 814.226 cells of which 352.034 are active, 199 layers, 38 failures, 26 areas of balance and heterogeneous distributions of permeability and porosity. Thus, by appropriate adjustment of the water flow rates, it is proposed to increase the production of oil for the case study. Finally the main findings, conclusions and recommendations from this study are submitted.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.68)
- South America > Colombia > Santander Department (0.48)
- South America > Colombia > Bolivar Department (0.48)
...). In figure 9, we see details of the "free-pipe" (zone 4) comparative between ρ pseudo and the reference spacer value. We point out that there is azimuthal heterogeneity of liquid outside the pipe in term...s of density distribution, but the trend seems to deviate with +/- 0.125 g/cc from the assumed reference. Figure 9--Zone 4. Details of the "free pipe" (zone 4) comparative between ρ pseudo and the ...reference spacer value. The uncertainty of pseudo-density estimation is an open subject at the time of our e...
...Leaky Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Experiments in Multilayer Structures, Physics Procedia, Volume 70, 2015, Pages 314-317, ISSN 1875-3892, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.phpro.2015.08.162. Darwin V. Ellis Marvin E. Ma...nd Idar Larsen, Ultrasonic Logging of Creeping Shale, Petrophysics, vol. 63, no. 1 (february 2022); pages 61-81; 12 figures; 1 table. ...reference: DOI:10.30632/PJV63N1-2022a4 Emadi, H., Soliman, M. Y., Samuel, R. et al An Experimental Study of t...
...ng the entire logged path is possible. The estimated complementary results are affected by inherent errors and uncertainty associated with acoustic impedance and velocity estimation. However, using prior kn...owledge information, intervals with high uncertainty (such as unusually high impedances or large errors in the velocity estimation) are flagged providing the interpreter with information background easy ...
Abstract Bonding to casing material characterization is a topic of interest in the context of well barrier evaluation. There is a consolidated need directed to log data interpreters to answer questions related to the type of material present in the casing annuli of a given well. The objective of this work is to explore the possibility to provide a complementary answer to current general acoustic impedance and attenuation practice. We reiterate that knowledge about the density of the annuli material can reduce the well barrier evaluation uncertainty. We are describing and exemplifying a rapid method to estimate the "pseudo – density" of the material in the annuli at the time of data acquisition. We define "pseudo-density" as the ratio between estimated impedance (from ultrasonic pulse-echo) and annuli apparent velocities (from ultrasonic oblique incidence techniques). Resulting "pseudo-density" maps are constrained with prior information from geology, logging, and drilling data. This allows the interpreter to judge the uncertainty in the current interpretation practice and contextualization of the annuli material into the borehole reality. The examples provided show that when the underlying physics principles are met, the results are clear and a robust interpretation at scale along the entire logged path is possible. The estimated complementary results are affected by inherent errors and uncertainty associated with acoustic impedance and velocity estimation. However, using prior knowledge information, intervals with high uncertainty (such as unusually high impedances or large errors in the velocity estimation) are flagged providing the interpreter with information background easy to be used for final delivery. Along with standard applications, the proposed method includes the basic mandatory tool for evaluating, validating, and incorporating the forecasted growth based on nuclear integrity logging behind the casing evaluation techniques.
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- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > PL 038 > Block 15/12 > Varg Field > Sleipner Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > PL 038 > Block 15/12 > Varg Field > Skagerrak Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > PL 038 > Block 15/12 > Varg Field > Hugin Formation (0.99)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Central North Sea > South Viking Graben > PL 038 > Block 15/12 > Varg Field > Heather Formation (0.99)
- Well Drilling > Casing and Cementing > Cement and bond evaluation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)