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...66 Gamble et al prove to be less reliable as a reference than a magnetic telluric station is believed to be easily justified economically. held ...reference. First, it has been our experience that in view of the advantages of the remote there is often more... noise in the electric measurements reference technique. First. apart from data rejected in than in the magnetic, although this was not the case ...
...field predicted by the standard method of analysis, Upper La Gloria. tance, crosspower, and remote reference methods at shorter than 3 set, C, is greater than 0.9, and most the Upper La Gloria station.' The a...pparent resistivities values of psar in Figure 4 are about IO percent higher from the remote reference method are repeated as than those in Figure 3, although the disagreement dashed lines on Figures 3 ...tic that vary smoothly over wide ranges of periods. However, differences are attributed to the bias errors mentioned both methods yield discontinuities in pzu where earlier. bands overlap at periods of 3 an...
...thod are smaller when the Ci are less than 0.9. If all resistivities for than those from the remote reference method. This which Ci is below 0.9 set were rejected, only 11 regular ordering of the apparent resi...the apparent resistivities from the remote and it strongly suggests that the bias is due to the use reference method lie on smoother curves than of autopower estimates in the least-squares methods. those from ...rd, admittance, crosspower, and remote overlap in Figures 3 and 4 have essentially been eliminated, reference methods are shown in Figures 10 to 13, and suggesting that the disagreements were caused the electr...
Magnetotelluric measurements were performed simultaneously at two sites 4.8 km apart near Hollister, California. SQUID magnetometers were used to measure fluctuations in two orthogonal horizontal components of the magnetic field. The data obtained at each site were analyzed using the magnetic fields at the other site as a remote reference. In this technique, one multiplies the equations relating the Fourier components of the electric and magnetic fields by a component of magnetic field from the remote reference. By averaging the various crossproducts, estimates of the impedance tensor not biased by noise are obtained, provided there are no correlations between the noises in the remote channels and noises in the local channels. For some data, conventional methods of analysis yielded estimates of apparent resistivities that were biased by noise by as much as two orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, estimates of the apparent resistivity obtained from these same data, using the remote reference technique, were consistent with apparent resistivities calculated from relatively noisefree data at adjacent periods. The estimated standard deviation for periods shorter than 3 sec was less than 5 percent, and for 87 percent of the data, was less than 2 percent. Where data bands overlapped between periods of 0.33 sec and 1 sec, the average discrepancy between the apparent resistivities was 1.8 percent.
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Magnetic Surveying > Magnetic Acquisition (0.55)
...Discussion of Evaluation of Directional Survey Errors at Prudhoe Bay Jack Marsh, SPE, Quantum Solutions Inc. "Evaluation of Directional Survey ...Errors at Prudhoe Bay" (Sept. that is internal to the tool and can be described by six error components 19...87 SPEDE, Pages 257-67), by Dubrule and Nelson, provides in a 3 x 3 error matrix. Another set of six ...
...Discussion of Evaluation of Directional Survey Errors at Prudhoe Bay J.L. Thorogood, SPE "Evaluation of Directional Survey ...Errors at Prudhoe Bay" (Sept. averaging process used. Fig. 8 of Dubrule and Nelson's paper shows 1987 SPED...E, Pages 257-67), by O. Dubrule and P.H. Nelson, clearly that lateral error increases with displacement. The...
...Evaluation of Directional Survey Errors at Prudhoe Bay Olivier Dubrule, * SPE, Standard Oil Production Co. Philip H. Nelson, SPE, Standard...ea, as measured by gyroscopic and magnetic surveying instruments. The lateral, radial, and vertical errors are plotted as a function of horizontal offset. Mean lateral differences appear to be about 100 ft ...os. Vertical and radial differences are negatively correlated, are chiefly a result of inclinometer errors, and are on the order of tens of feet. The Wolff-de Wardt (WdW) error model, with small modificatio...
Summary. More than 1,000 directional surveys from wells in the Prudhoe Bayfield are used to examine differences in well location at 8,000 ft [2438 m]subsea, as measured by gyroscopic and magnetic surveying instruments. Thelateral, radial, and vertical errors are plotted as a function ofhorizontal offset. Mean lateral differences appear to be about 100 ft[30m]. Drillstring magnetization causes magnetic surveys to read north ofgyros. Vertical and radial differences are negatively correlated, are chiefly a result of inclinometer errors, and are on the order of tens of feet. The Wolff-de Wardt (WdW) error model, with small modifications, does good job of quantifying the error magnitudes, of describing thedependence of error upon horizontal offset, and of producing the ellipsesof uncertainty. Introduction Walstrom et al, proposed a model to predict theuncertainty of the bottomhole position obtained from agiven survey. Their main assumption was that the errorsmade on the measurement of a given parameter (measured depth, azimuth, or inclination) were random from onestation to another. Walstrom et al. introduced theellipse-of-uncertainty concept to describe the boreholeposition. Truex described some discrepancies observed on surveys calculated on the East Wilmington field. Truex foundthat surveys in high-inclination wells (above 45 degrees[0.79 rad]) had a possible error of 20 ft [6 m] verticallyand 100 ft [30 m] horizontally for a well of 6,000-ft [1830-m] measured depth. These errors were higher thanthose expected from the Walstrom model. Wolff and de Wardt showed that the errors were notrandom from station to station in a given survey, but ratherwere systematic from one station to the next and randomfrom one survey to another. The consequence of thisassumption is that the errors do not compensate each otherfrom one station to the other, but tend to stack in the same direction, producing a larger ellipse of uncertainty thanthat calculated with the Walstrom model. Most wells in the Prudhoe Bay field have been directionally surveyed several times. The surveys are goingto be compared on a well-by-well basis, which is anapproach similar to Truex's work. Truex, however, emphasizedthe extreme discrepancies between surveys. Here both largeand small discrepancies are treated, facilitating thecomparison between real data and the WdW model. Directional Surveys at Prudhoe Bay Drilling and surveying of production wells have beenunder way at Prudhoe Bay since 1969. Wells are drilled2,000 ft [610 m] through permafrost(Fig. 1), deviatedfrom vertical at some distance below the permafrost, anddrilled to a total subsea depth of around 9,100 ft [2775m]. Fig. 2 shows the histogram of the depths of the kickoffpoints for 675 Prudhoe Bay wells. The kickoff point isdefined as the point at which the horizontal offset of thewells becomes greater than 100 ft [30 m]. To guide the drilling, magnetic single-shot surveys, S, are run. Since 1982, measurement-while-drilling(MWD)instruments that incorporate fluxgate magnetometers havesupplanted the single shots. Single shots are used to checkthe MWD results, however, and the resultant surveys, X, are almost always mixes of MWD and single-shot data. MostX surveys are predominantly MWD with only a few single-shot data included, although a few X surveys contain as much as40% single-shot data. Early wells were also surveyed with magneticmultishots, M, but most of the postdrilling surveys were runwith gyroscopic instruments. Gyro instrumentation variesamong contractors; both subsurface recording and surfacereadout instruments also have been used. However, wedo not distinguish here among the conventional gyros, G. The data used for this study are taken from 496 wellsin which more than one of the following survey types isavailable: gyroscopic, single-shot, multishot, or mixes ofMWD and single-shot data. Of these wells, 414 have twosurveys, 73 have three, 8 have four, and 1 has five. Thisrepresents a total of 1,084 surveys. Of these surveys, 500are gyroscopic, 408 are magnetic single shots, 119 are magnetic multishots, and 57 are mixed. We recomputedall surveys with the minimum curvature method. Surveysare compared at a reference depth of 8,000 ft [2438m] subsea, which is about 300 to 700 ft [90 to 210 m] above the top of the productive formation. The projected plan map of Fig. 3 shows the x, y locationat 8,000 ft [2438 m] subsea of the 1,084 available surveys. In a given well, the coordinates x, y, z of the surveys arecalculated as follows: pick one survey of the well to useas a base(when available, the gyro was used, but thechoice does not affect the results). Find the measureddepth, which corresponds to 8,000 ft [2438 m] subsea on this base survey. SPEDE P. 257^
- North America > United States > California (1.00)
- North America > United States > Alaska > North Slope Borough > Prudhoe Bay (1.00)
- North America > United States > California > East Wilmington Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Alaska > North Slope Basin > Prudhoe Bay Field (0.99)
...ns of documents in any projects specially those who aim to use machine learning methods can lead to errors, inefficiencies, and suboptimal decisions, which result in the use of additional resources, such as...proposed solution is composed of two pipelines: (1) batch processing to store the features from the reference database and (2) query processing to extract features from incoming documents and compare them with... the reference database. As the first step, a checksums comparison is considered to identify the exact duplicates,...
...ng to rotating machines are indexed and stored in a subsidiary sharepoint database. On the other, a reference document base hosted at the Head Quarter. The subsidiary database contains some documents that alre...ady exist in the reference database, but in general the version of documents in the ...reference database is more recent. We have successfully used our pipelines to identify perfect duplicates and...
... be available, which is important in all industrial domains including the petroleum sector to avoid errors and inconsistencies. In addition, deduplication is a key step to consider in data preprocessing for...dologies, and trends. Furthermore, inefficient document retrieval can result in significant delays, errors, and lost opportunities. Therefore, efficient document retrieval and ensuring the use of the up-to-...
Abstract Identifying technical document duplications is a crucial task to optimize storage resources and improve document management and retrieval processes. This helps to ensure that the most up-to-date version of documents is going to be available, which is important in all industrial domains including the petroleum sector to avoid errors and inconsistencies. In addition, deduplication is a key step to consider in data pre-processing for training large machine learning models. This paper tackles the task of duplicate detection in technical reports by proposing a hybrid solution based on open-source libraries on computer vision. The proposed solution has been evaluated on a large set of data and provided promising results which can help us to optimize our storage. We observed the solution is flexible enough to adapt to different scenarios and different types of reports. Having such a solution will potentially lead to reducing the carbon footprint in IT infrastructures.
- Information Technology > Information Management (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Natural Language > Text Processing (0.85)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Neural Networks (0.69)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Pattern Recognition > Image Matching (0.50)
...s of both models are shown in Figures 16 and 17, respectively. The true results computed from the reference fine-scale model are plotted as the thick, light curves. It is evident that the reservoir models n...loser to the true results with significantly less uncertainty. The low permeability barrier in the reference find grid model between the injection well and W1 is not well captured in the inverse coarse grid... models when the injected water is at pore volume injected (PV J) of 1.0. The true values from the reference field are shown in the same figure by bullets. The accuracy and uncertainty of forecasting are la...
... at well i 1,..., ny and time t ty, ..., th. [Wl]: is the inverse covariance matrix of observation errors at time f. If pressure measurement ...errors at different wells are independent, {W)]. is a diagonal matrix with the form of Wit [Wh ot Wn,,...ient of the objective function on the null space of the gradients of the binding constraints (see reference 9 for details). (B-5)...
...aints and the static data as well. A review of available inverse techniques has been presented in reference '8. In this paper, the Sequential Self-Calibration (SSC) inverse technique is adapted to invert pe...
Abstract This paper presents a methodology to generate maps of high resolution permeability from multiple well single-phase flow rate and pressure data. The dynamic, i.e. temporal, production data contains important information about the interwell permeability distribution that should be integrated with static data, such as well and seismic data, to generate reservoir models to provide reliable input to reservoir simulation and reservoir management. A two-step procedure is proposed for such data integration:establish the spatial constraints on large-scale permeability trends due to the production data using an inverse technique, and construct the detailed geostatistical reservoir models subject to those spatial constraints using geostatistical techniques. The single-phase pressure and production data could be provided by permanent pressure gauges, simultaneous multiple well tests, or flow rates under primary depletion. Production data and reservoir petrophysical properties, specifically permeability. are nonlinearly related through flow equations. Establishing the spatial constraints on permeability due to production data calls for the solution of a difficult inverse problem. This paper adapts the Sequential Self-Calibration (SSC) inverse technique to single-phase multiple- well transient pressure and rate data. The SSC method is an iterative geostatistically-based inverse method coupled with an optimization procedure that generates a series of coarse grid 2-D permeability realizations, whose numerical flow simulations correctly reproduce the production data. Inverse results using two synthetic data sets show this SSC implementation to be flexible, computationally efficient, and robust. Fine-scale models generated by down-scaling the SSC generated coarse-scale models (using simulated annealing) are shown to preserve the match to the production data at the coarse-scale. Finally, reservoir performance prediction results show how the integration of production data can dramatically improve the accuracy of production forecasting with significantly less uncertainty. Introduction Optimal reservoir management requires reliable performance forecasts with as little uncertainty as possible. Incomplete data and inability to model the physics of fluid flow at a suitably small scale lead to uncertainty. Uncertainties in the detailed description of reservoir lithofacies porosity, and permeability are large contributors to uncertainty in reservoir performance forecasting. Reducing this uncertainty can only be achieved by integrating additional data in reservoir modeling. A large variety of geostatistical techniques have been developed that construct reservoir models conditioned to diverse types of static data including hard well data and soft seismic data. Commonly, a number of techniques are applied sequentially to model the large reservoir geometry, the lithofacies, and then petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability. However, conventional geostatistical techniques including Gaussian, indicator, annealing-based, or object-based methods are not suited to directly integrate dynamic production data. Production data and reservoir petrophysical properties are related to each other through flow equations which are highly nonlinear. As a consequence, accounting for dynamic engineering data in geostatistical reservoir modeling is a difficult inverse problem. Nevertheless, historical production data are often the most important information because they provide a direct measure of the actual reservoir response to the recovery process that form the basis for reservoir management decisions. Integrating dynamic production data is an important outstanding problem in reservoir characterization. Ideally, we want to directly match all types of production data in the reservoir model at the required resolution simultaneously with other types of geological and geophysical data. A number of inverse techniques have been developed for this purpose. P. 115^
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.46)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Simulation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Fluid Dynamics > Flow in porous media (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Geologic modeling (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production data management (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Spatial Reasoning (0.75)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Constraint-Based Reasoning (0.75)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Statistical Learning > Gradient Descent (0.34)
...rk for predicting marine engine performance parameters. 2. The second approach exhibited percentage errors (compared to Ships and Offshore Structures, 15:443-452, 4 2020. ISSN ...reference values) in the range of 2% for in-cylinder pressure 17445302. doi: 10.1080/17445302.2019.1661619. p...neural network (ann). are those of the authors and should not be construed to reflect the volume 2, pages 186-189, 2010. ISBN 9781424455850. doi: views of Innovate UK, DNV AS and RCCL. 10.1109/ICCAE.2010...
...provide the performance of the two approaches in comparison ศณ) 2 i=1 (y (9) with the respective reference values (dotted lines). The second proposed approach with Fourier coefficients pressure estimation w...elled in Figure 7. It is evident that the percentage error from the second values exactly match the reference values, R 2 becomes equal to 1. approach (blue) has 95% of ...errors being between 1%, whilst the single point based approach f(N, P, ฮฑ) exhibits ...
...ating developed ANNs. The derived results demonstrate that the second approach exhibits mean square errors within 2% and requires the lowest computations cost, rendering it appropriate for marine engines DT...
First principle Digital Twins (DT) for marine engines are widely used to estimate in-cylinder pressure, which is a key parameter informing health of ship power plants. However, development and application of DT faces barriers, as they require exhaustive calibration and high computational power, which render their implementation for shipboard systems challenging. This study aims at developing a data-driven DT of low computational cost for predicting instantaneous pressure. Two different approaches using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with distinct input parameters are assessed. The first predicts in-cylinder pressure as a function of the phase angle, whereas the second predicts the discrete Fourier coefficients (FC) corresponding to the in-cylinder pressure variations. The case study of a conventional medium speed four-stroke diesel marine engine is employed, for which the first principle DT based on a thermodynamic, zero dimensional approach was setup and calibrated against shop trials measurements. The DT is subsequently employed to generate data for training and validating developed ANNs. The derived results demonstrate that the second approach exhibits mean square errors within ยฑ2% and requires the lowest computations cost, rendering it appropriate for marine engines DTs. Sensitivity analysis results verify the amount of training data and number of Fourier coefficients required to achieve adequate accuracy.
- Research Report > New Finding (0.48)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.34)
- Transportation > Marine (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (0.95)
...ion of gravity, m/sec 2 in porous media. Results show a good agreement between the model and the reference solution. H Formation thickness, m h Depth of grid block, m Geological CO 2 sequestration was ...nal of C Concentration, kg of solute/m 3 solution Contaminant Hydrology, Volume 52, Issues 1-4, Pages C i Initial CO 2 Concentration, kg of solute/m 3 solution 245-275, November 2001 6. KOL...
...ure. gas density is calculated based on Hall and Yarborough's The finite element grid block used as reference solution equation of state (3) . consists of 3131 nodes (101 horizontal and 31 vertical) and In...ity patterns from in the gas layer. Therefore, the CO 2 concentration at the this study and the reference solution. It is noted that, there are interface, which corresponds to the equilibrium concentration...
... dissolution. From dissolution curves in Figure 6 it is clear that To examine the role of numerical errors in formation of for heterogeneous porous media (Cases 2 to 5) the time for instabilities in the hom...8), suggesting that Wabamun in central Alberta, Canada (33) . The capacity of the the numerical errors are close to the infinitesimal theoretical aquifers in the region to sequester CO 2 needs inves...
Abstract Accurate modeling of the fate of injected CO2 is necessary if geological storage is to be used at large scale. In one form of geological storage of CO2, the gas is injected into an aquifer that has a sealing cap rock forming a gas cap beneath the cap rock. The diffusion of CO2 into underlying formation waters increases the density of water near the top of the aquifer bringing the system to a hydro-dynamically unstable state. Instabilities can arise from the combination of an unstable density profile and inherent perturbations within the system, e.g. formation heterogeneity. If created, this instability causes convective mixing and greatly accelerates the dissolution of CO2 into the aquifer. Accurate estimation of rate of dissolution is important for risk assessments because the timescale for dissolution is the timescale over which the gaseous CO2 has a chance to leak thorough the cap rock or any imperfectly sealed wells. We describe a new 2-D numerical model developed to study the diffusive and convection mixing in geologic storage of CO2. Effects of different formation parameters are investigated in this paper. Results reveal that there are two different time scales involved. The first time scale is the time to start the instability and the second one is the time to achieve ultimate dissolution. Depending on system Rayleigh number and the formation heterogeneity, the convective mixing can greatly accelerate the dissolution of CO2 in an aquifer. Two field scale problems were studied. In the first, based on the Nisku aquifer, more than 60 percent of the ultimate dissolution was achieved after 800 years while the computed timescale for dissolution in the same aquifer in the absence of convection was orders of magnitude larger. In the case of the Glauconitic sandstone aquifer, there was no convective instability. Results suggest that the presence and strength of convective instability should play an important role in choosing aquifers for CO2 storage. Introduction The use of technologies to capture and store CO2 is rapidly emerging as a potentially important tool for managing carbon emissions. Geologic storage, which we define as the process of injecting CO2 into geologic formations for the explicit purpose of avoiding atmospheric emission of CO2, is perhaps the most important, near-term, option. Geologic storage promises to reduce the cost of achieving deep reductions in CO2 emissions over the next few decades. While the technologies required to inject CO2 deep underground are well established in the upstream oil and gas sector, with such methods as CO2-EOR and Acid Gas disposal, methods for assessing and monitoring the long term fate of CO2, and for assessing the risk of leakage are in their infancy. Assessments of the risk of leakage of CO2 from a storage formation may need to analyze leakage mechanisms and their likelihood of occurrence during the full time period over which mobile free-phase CO2 is expected to remain in the reservoir. Once dissolved, risk assessments may well ignore the leakage pathways resulting from the very slow movement of CO2-saturated brines.
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Storage Reservoir Engineering > CO2 capture and sequestration (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Sustainability/Social Responsibility > Sustainable development (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (1.00)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Unconventional Production Facilities > CO2 capture and management (1.00)
...pear as a running The results section contains applications of the methodology head above alternate pages of the published paper. described above. The results of experiments (either physical or List the au...n of your abstract; section. If they are combined, the copy editor of your use the material in this reference as a guide. Every manuscript manuscript is instructed to ask you to separate them. This can other t...
...quirements are satisfied. To facilitate processing and regarding significance). In particular, with reference to review, authors are urged to read and carefully follow the procedures item (1) above, a conclusi...e conclusion should not include figures, tables, equations, Checklist to avoid common mistakes or reference citations. Is the entire paper double-spaced? Figures and tables Are all ...pages numbered? Each figure and table must be called out (mentioned) sequentially Have I followed the req...
...fore submitting the.tex file and read in or paste the should be limited to factual or typographical errors serious resulting contents of the generated.bbl file within the bibliography enough to warrant publ... version of the title, 38 characters or fewer (including spaces), to be used on Video submissions pages following the first page of the article. Geophysics accepts video submitted only as digital files...
- Research Report (0.46)
- Summary/Review (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (0.67)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling (0.46)
...pear as a running The results section contains applications of the methodology head above alternate pages of the published paper. described above. The results of experiments (either physical or List the au...n of your abstract; section. If they are combined, the copy editor of your use the material in this reference as a guide. Every manuscript manuscript is instructed to ask you to separate them. This can other t...
...ficance). In particular, review, authors are urged to read and carefully follow the procedures with reference to item (1) above, a conclusion that only summarizes described below. the results is not acceptable...e conclusion should not include figures, tables, equations, Checklist to avoid common mistakes or reference citations. Is the entire paper double-spaced? Figures and tables Are all ...pages numbered? Each figure and table must be called out (mentioned) sequentially Have I followed the req...
...be limited for Word papers is MathType 5.1 or greater. If you do submit to factual or typographical errors serious enough to warrant a paper in LaTeX, please use the updated SEG/TeX macro publication of an ... (including spaces), to be used on are not acceptable at this time as essential archival multimedia pages following the first page of the article. files. Detailed information is provided below...
- Research Report (0.67)
- Summary/Review (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (1.00)
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (0.67)
- (2 more...)
...pear as a running The results section contains applications of the methodology head above alternate pages of the published paper. described above. The results of experiments (either physical or List the au...n of your abstract; section. If they are combined, the copy editor of your use the material in this reference as a guide. Every manuscript manuscript is instructed to ask you to separate them. This can other t...
...ficance). In particular, review, authors are urged to read and carefully follow the procedures with reference to item (1) above, a conclusion that only described below. summarizes the results is not acceptable...e conclusion should not include figures, tables, equations, Checklist to avoid common mistakes or reference citations. Is the entire paper double-spaced? Figures and tables Are all ...pages numbered? Each figure and table must be called out (mentioned) sequentially Have I followed the req...
...be limited for Word papers is MathType 5.1 or greater. If you do submit to factual or typographical errors serious enough to warrant a paper in LaTeX, please use the updated SEG/TeX macro publication of an ... (including spaces), to be used on are not acceptable at this time as essential archival multimedia pages following the first page of the article. files. Detailed information is provided below...
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (1.00)
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (0.67)
- (2 more...)
...rm in Forchheimer equation rock tortuosity t ube shear stress on tube wall fluid density. f Reference: Balhoff, M.T. and Wheeler, M.F. 2009. A Predictive Pore-Scale Model for Non-Darcy Flow in Porous M...edia, SPE Journal, Volume 14, Number 4, pages 579-587 Barree, R.D. and Conway, M.W. 2004. Beyond Beta Factors: A Complete Model for Darcy, Forchh...Media Momentum Equation for Highly Accelerated Flow, SPE Reservoir Engineering, Volume 3, Number 3, pages 1048-1052 Brigham, W.E. 1988. Estimating Reservoir Parameters from the Gas Backpressure Equation, S...
...ol in the event of no experimental measured non-Darcy flow coefficient available. It eliminates the errors or the arbitrary content in the empirical correlations. Introduction Rock properties are crucial to...
...etical approach is available. Our rigorous derivation with a solid theoretical basis eliminates the errors or the arbitrary content in the empirical correlations. Derivation of Flow Rate through Rock under ...
Abstract Forchheimer equation takes non-Darcy flow effect into account in the event of high flow velocity in porous media. Its application requires both permeability, which is in linear term, and Beta factor, which is in quadratic term. Permeability and Beta factor are determined by rock type, textural of rock, effective porosity, pore throat size, geometry of the pore, and connection and distribution of pores. Beta factor comes into play when the fluid flow rate is high and the flow rate deviates from Darcy's law. Non-Darcy flow is described by Forchheimer equation. Usually the coefficient of non-Darcy flow term is hard to be determined. Existing approaches are core measurement and empirical correlations. To the best of our knowledge there is notheoretical equation available. To get an accurate estimation of flow rate or pressure drop in the reservoir, we need a method that has solid theoretical basis. The deficiency triggered our study. Starting from multiple-capillary tubes concept, we derived a rigorous relationship between pores geometry and pressure drop required for fluid flow through the pores. Through this correlation pressure drop can be calculated from known pores geometry. Since pores geometry can be often obtained from lab experiment or well logging, the new correlation also provides a unique approach to quantify the coefficient of quadratic term in Forchheimer equation. In this study we developed a governing equation through a rigorous theoretical derivation. With this equation the non-Darcy flow coefficient in Forchheimer equation can be calculated. The required input data for the new equation are readily obtained from well log interpretation. The new equation is a powerful tool in the event of no experimental measured non-Darcy flow coefficient available. It eliminates the errors or the arbitrary content in the empirical correlations.
- Asia (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)