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This page considers two equilibrium conditions: * The point at which, at a given temperature and pressure, water becomes saturated in either hydrocarbon vapors or hydrocarbon liquids and forms a separate fluid phase. Both water and hydrocarbon dewpoints are represented as the maximum solubility of each phase in the other. Prediction of hydrate formation is covered in Predicting hydrate formation. BecauseF 2, two intensive variables are needed to specify the system. At a given temperature and pressure, the user can determine the saturated water content of gases, the point at which a liquid water phase will precipitate.
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In-situ combustion processes are largely a function of oil composition and rock mineralogy. The extent and nature of the chemical reactions between crude oil and injected air, as well as the heat generated, depend on the oil-matrix system. Laboratory studies, using crude and matrix from a prospective in-situ combustion project, should be performed before designing any field operation. The chemical reactions associated with in-situ combustion are complex and numerous. They occur over a broad temperature range.
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Attached growth processes * 1.3.2.1 Trickling filters * 1.3.3 Anaerobic processes: * 1.4 Tertiary treatment * 1.4.1 Nitrogen removal * 1.4.1.1 Biological treatment of wastewater collected from residences, industries, commercial sectors, and agriculture is required to protect water quality through the removal of dissolved biodegradable organics, suspended organic and inorganic solids, nitrogen, and phosphorous as well as toxic substances like heavy metals and chemicals. There are 4 treatment levels of wastewater including pre-treatment, primary treatment, secondary, advanced and sludge treatment. Pretreatment is generally required for protecting wastewater treatment plants by removing debris, grit, FOG (Fats – Oil – Grease) and large objects.
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Michael John Economides (06 September 1949 – 01 December 2013) was a professor; worldwide petroleum consultant; and editor. Economides was born in Cyprus. A Greek national, he became a US citizen in 1982. At age 19, he came to the US as a Fulbright scholar, earning BS and MS degrees in chemical engineering at the University of Kansas.[1] From 1980 to 1984, he and his wife, Christine Ehlig-Economides designed curricula for and established a petroleum engineering program at the University of Alaska.
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François Conrad Schlumberger, 1878-1936 (he always signed and introduced himself as Conrad Schlumberger) was a Professor of physics at the Ecole des Mines of Saint-Etienne[1] (1906-1907) and then at the Ecole des Mines of Paris[2] (1907-1914/1919-1922).[3] In 1911 he began experiments here on electrical prospecting and systematic studies for surface electrical surveying. In the same year, he completed the first mapping field work and filed his first electrical prospecting patent; in 1913, he achieved the first world geophysical survey (a tectonic study) of non-magnetic ore deposit, identifying a sedimentary basin of sulfide ore bodies with artificial electrical impulses by using the mise-à-la-masse method (also called charged-body potential method or excitation-at-the-mass method). From 1915 to 1918 Conrad served in the French Army, with the rank of captain, and was assigned to an artillery battery. He succeeded in "pinpointing" enemy long-range cannons by measuring the refraction of sound waves.
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Henri-Georges Doll was born on August 13th, 1902, in Paris.[1] His family moved to Lyon shortly after where he was educated until high school. During World War I, his father, a Swiss citizen, served as an officer in the French Army while he lived with his brothers and mother, a native of France, who was working in a hospital. After the lyceum, he was admitted to theEcole Polytechnique[2] in Paris, and after graduation he pursued master level studies at theEcole des Mines.[3] In 1924, at the age of 22, while he was still a student, Doll married Anne "Annette" Schlumberger, the daughter ofFrançois Conrad Schlumberger[4] (1878-1936).
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Nearly 150 years ago, in 1871, 22 mining engineers in Pennsylvania had an idea: preserve their collective knowledge and experiences for the benefit of future engineers through a Society of similar professionals. TheAmerican Institute of Mining Engineers was born. AIME grew with man's quest to explore and increase productivity and created a Petroleum Division in 1922, an Iron and Steel Division in 1928, and an Institute of Metals Division in 1933. And, so, in 1957, the organization changed its name to theAmerican Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, and, the current Member Societies,SME (the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration),TMS (The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society), and SPE (the Society of Petroleum Engineers), were formed from the branches of AIME. In 1974, a fourth Member Society, the Iron and Steel Society (ISS), was added.
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