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Collaborating Authors
Wellbore Design
Research Status and Development Prospect of Wellbore Integrity in China
Zhang, Zhi (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University) (Corresponding author)) | Zhao, Yuanjin (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University)) | Cai, Nan (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University)) | Xiang, Shilin (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University)) | Ding, Chenyu (State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University))
Summary As the exploration and development of oil and gas move into increasingly challenging locations and harsher environments, well integrity becomes more difficult to maintain. High temperatures, pressures, and corrosion can all contribute to wellbore integrity failure. Such failures can have significant financial and environmental consequences, including gas leakage and fluid spills. In this paper, we review the development and technical advancements of wellbore integrity research both in China and abroad and look forward to the development direction of wellbore integrity in China. We provide basic background knowledge for those interested in wellbore integrity and also share the progress and development direction of integrity research for wellbore integrity researchers. Through research and analysis, some conclusions can be drawn. Countries around the world are actively studying wellbore integrity and have developed a large number of standards, especially the United States and Norway, which have the most standards. The most common way to analyze wellbore integrity is to first divide the entire wellbore into different wellbore barrier units according to different standards, such as ISO 16530-1, and then study risk factors and integrity management measures in different units. Mainstream research is mostly carried out around the integrity of casing, cement, and tubing, and many achievements have been made, but the study of packer and downhole safety valve is still on the way. Wellbore integrity risk assessment aims to quantify potential risks and establish risk levels to support decision-making for on-site wellbore integrity control. This is achieved by identifying factors affecting wellbore integrity, establishing an evaluation index system and processing evaluation indicators to determine failure probability and impact consequences. The resulting risk value can be divided into different areas using the โas low as reasonably practicable principleโ or a risk matrix graph. However, due to the complexity of the factors involved and the subjectivity of risk classification rules, there are still challenges in promoting the evaluation model and reducing errors in the evaluation results. China should actively promote interdisciplinary integration and respond to the call for โdual carbon goalsโ to break through the current bottleneck in wellbore integrity research. This can be achieved by promoting the development of quantitative wellbore integrity risk assessment methods, developing supporting evaluation software based on big data, and by tackling the integrity challenges faced by different types of wells and promoting the development of wellbore integrity discipline.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.67)
- Asia > China > Sichuan Province (0.46)
- Overview (0.48)
- Research Report (0.46)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > Asia Government > China Government (0.93)
- South America > Suriname > North Atlantic Ocean > Guyana-Suriname Basin > Tambaredjo Field (0.99)
- South America > Guyana > North Atlantic Ocean > Guyana-Suriname Basin > Tambaredjo Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Fort Worth Basin > Northwest Field (0.99)
- (19 more...)
The complete paper defines the conditions for optimized well-diagnostics investigation, allowing preservation of resources and minimization of response time to well failure. It also describes a rigless solutions for common well-barrier failures and lessons learned from the operator's field trials. This information is valuable for companies aiming to optimize their sustained annulus pressure (SAP) well-management process. The main objective of the paper is to identify scenarios in which the failed barrier element can be recognized from surface data alone. Well-diagnostic activities can be divided into two classifications: surface activities and subsurface activities (well interventions). For wells with premature integrity failures (when the failure occurs within 10 years of the last rig entry), a new RCA process was implemented.
This paper presents the proof of concept (PoC) of artificial intelligence (AI)-based well-integrity monitoring for gas-lift, natural-flow, and water-injector wells. AI-model prototypes were built to detect annulus leakage as incident-relevant anomalies from time-series sensor data. The AI models for gas-lift and natural-flow wells achieved a sufficient level of performance, with a minimum of 75% of historical events detected and less than one false positive per month per well. In the exploration and production industry, historical well-integrity events are rare because systems are designed as robustly as possible to prevent incidents. For the authors' study, there were only 12 historical wellbore leakage incidents spanning 13 years of well operations in the assets considered.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a technology that enables continuous, real-time measurements along the entire length of a fiber optic cable. The low-frequency band of DAS can be used to analyze hydraulic fracture geometry and growth. In this study, the low-frequency strain waterfall plots with their corresponding pumping curves were analyzed to obtain information on fracture azimuth, propagation speed, number of fractures created in each stage, and re-stimulation of pre-existing fractures. We also use a simple geomechanical model to predict fracture growth rates while accounting for changes in treatment parameters. As expected, the hydraulic fractures principally propagate perpendicular to the treated well, that is, parallel to the direction of maximum horizontal stress. During many stages, multiple frac hits are visible indicating that multiple parallel fractures are created and/or re-opened. Secondary fractures deviate towards the heel of the well, likely due to the cumulative stress shadow caused by previous and current stages. The presence of heart-shaped tips reveals that some stress and/or material barrier is overcome by the hydraulic fracture. The lobes of the heart are best explained by the shear stresses at 45-degree angles from the fracture tip instead of the tensile stresses directly ahead of the tip. Antennas ahead of the fracture hits indicate the re-opening of pre-existing fractures. Tails in the waterfall plots provide information on the continued opening, closing, and interaction of the hydraulic fractures within the fracture domain and stage domain corridors. Analysis of the low-frequency DAS plots thus provides in-depth insights into the rock deformation and rock-fluid interaction processes occurring close to the observation well.
- North America > Canada > Alberta (1.00)
- North America > United States (0.67)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation Field > Montney Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > British Columbia > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Alberta Basin > Montney Formation (0.99)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Western Canada Sedimentary Basin > Greater Peace River High Basin > Pouce Coupe Field (0.99)
- (2 more...)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Completion > Hydraulic Fracturing (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations > Well & Reservoir Surveillance and Monitoring > Production logging (1.00)
Abstract With increasing interest in non-metallic products for downhole applications, such as the fiberglass tubing, it is essential to ensure the well integrity in similar way as standard carbon steel completions. One important aspect of well integrity is the ability to routinely access the downhole condition of the tubing and perform basic intervention. This paper demonstrates the testing and validation of different mechanical evaluations of the integrity of fiberglass tubing using logging and intervention tools. In this work, two joints of Fiberglass were connected together in order to study the effect of logging and intervention tools on the integrity of these joints from inner and outer surfaces as well as the structural integrity. For inner wall evaluation, a multifinger caliper tool was run inside the two joints several times in order to investigate potential damage caused by the fingers. In addition, a tubing puncher was used to punch a hole and characterize the surface damage and any effects on the structural integrity of the fiberglass. Furthermore, a tubing cut was performed in order to confirm the performance of the cutting tool in such environment. All the tests were conducted safely and successfully at surface using two different sizes of fiberglass tubing. The tested tubulars were split cut to further investigate internal condition. The effect of applied fingertips on the inner wall surface of the fiberglass from several passes indicated minor scratches that can be further investigated using an accelerated wear test. The integrity of this non-metallic tubular can be evaluated using standard mechanical tools in order to identify defects and scale buildup. Other intervention tools such as the mechanical puncher and cutter indicated successful deployment under surface conditions. Investigation of existing downhole evaluation and intervention technologies can provide an immediate assessment of the benefits and limitations with respect to unconventional completions such as the fiberglass tubing and other non-metallic pipes. Future research and development programs can rely on such solid basis to tailor advanced solutions for any specific application or products.
Engineered Ultra-Low Invasion Loss Control Solution Allows Circulation, Ensuring Cement Placement and Zonal Isolation in Liner Cementing Jobs and Through Coiled Tubing โ Case Studies
Fazal, Muhammad Adnan (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Ahmad, Syed Hamza (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Yousuf, Arif (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Rehman, Aziz ur (Sprint Oil and Gas Services FZC) | Noor, Sameer Mustafa (Oil & Gas Development Company Limited) | Nazir, Irfan (Oil & Gas Development Company Limited)
Abstract The conventional loss cure techniques are largely reactive and include addition of coarse grade particle, fibrous material and other viscous pills that are lost into formation during loss cure attempts. Being highly invasive, these loss cure solutions block pore throats and line producing fractures causing considerable formation damage and loss of net asset value. Moreover, these techniques pose additional challenges while placing thru slim liners and coiled tubing (in rigless applications) due to elevated risk of getting the circulation ports plugged. Moreover, during the era of technological revolution and decarbonization, an effective and efficient solution aids to promote the practices producing low carbon emission. The proactive wellbore shielding loss cure is a particle size distribution-based LCM solution having excellent fluid loss properties and exhibiting low permeability barrier at the fluid-rock interface. The low permeable shielding effect offers less invasion across a broad range of pores (1microns to 4,000microns) and thereby protecting formation from any permanent impairment. The solution covers the wide range applications of loss cure throughout well life ensuring zonal isolation and saving significant rig time. Customized particle size distribution does allow LCM solution to be pumpable thru liner complying the allowable particle sizes (less than 1,000microns) and concentrations (upto 18 lbs/bbl) and for coiled tubing specialized applications with allowable particles size of 100 microns while maintaining rheological properties (Fluid Loss<50 ml/30 min, 5lbs/100ft2>Ty<10lbs/100ft2 & PV<90 cp). This paper demonstrates the working principle and practical applications of engineered solution for loss cure and successfully achieving zonal isolation in 7" liner being placed as pre-cement spacer in naturally fractured formation. The wellbore shielding pre-cement spacer ensured the cement rise above loss point thus achieving zonal isolation in partial to complete losses environment and helps in minimizing formation's impairment. The same approach was adopted to cure losses in rigless with coiled tubing in both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs for well killing and zonal isolation without plugging the CT BHA and circulation ports while complying design requirements.
- South America (0.68)
- Asia > Middle East (0.28)
- Well Drilling > Wellbore Design > Wellbore integrity (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Pressure Management > Well control (1.00)
- Well Drilling > Drilling Operations (1.00)
- (8 more...)
Step-Change in Cement Design Assures Well Integrity Under Dynamic Stress
Mahmood, Ahmad A. (Schlumberger, Islamabad, Pakistan) | Jan, Usman A. (Schlumberger, Islamabad, Pakistan) | Khan, Anum Y. (Schlumberger, Islamabad, Pakistan) | Rasheed, Hassaan (Schlumberger, Islamabad, Pakistan) | Salazar, Jose (Schlumberger, Islamabad, Pakistan) | Shah, Khurram A. (MOL, Islamabad, Pakistan) | Khan, Shahjahan (MOL, Islamabad, Pakistan)
Abstract The Kohat Plateau in Pakistan features major Gas and Condensate producing fields with majority of the blocks owned and operated by two of the country's biggest E&P Operators. Operators are known to frequently encounter severe drilling challenges, and over time, have devised certain technology solutions that have helped curtail the major drilling challenges to a good extent, helping improve the time and cost expended in reaching the target depths. However, the problems arising after the Drilling cycle โ foremost being Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP) โ require expensive remedial treatments and loss of production; this paper presents a solution to this particular challenge of SCP including in-depth cause analysis, treatment design and implementation. In the analysis stage, the drilling data of wells experiencing SCP in one of the Casing annuli was reviewed to pinpoint possible areas of compromised well integrity. It was observed that sections having good Cement bonds and sufficient Top of Cement in the annulus also became compromised over time, indicating operations conducted after the drilling phase could be responsible for the annular fluid migration, and hence SCP. It must be noted that extensive drill-stem tests to assess the reservoir economics as well as production pressures generate significant dynamic stress on the well structure. Through the use of custom stress-analysis software for annular Cement, it was concluded that it is this stress that causes the primary isolation of the constructed well, the annular Cement, to fail allowing annular migration of formation fluids. A new class of stress-resistant, auto-repair Cements was seen to resist any mechanical failure under stress enabling Operators to drill wells with lasting structural integrity. Mechanical properties including Young's Modulus, Poisson Ratio and Annular Expansion co-efficient were analyzed to design a Cement system capable of withstanding the applied stress. The first in-country application was conducted as the Intermediate-section Cementing in a new well. The system exhibited good isolation with average 10mV amplitude (free pipe amplitude 51 mV) in Cased Hole bond logs and no annular pressure is observed till date in the section more than 02 years after the primary cementing operation. This design approach was subsequently extended to other fields, with successful applications that reduced, and in certain cases, eliminated the need for remedial work. By presenting a detailed field application of flexible and self-healing Cement, the paper puts forth a general, stepwise approach for the selection of a Cement design that promises lasting annular isolation and minimizes the risk of communication behind the casing.
- Asia > Pakistan (0.51)
- North America > United States > Texas (0.28)
This three-part webinar series is focused on introducing the basics of geomechanics and geomechanics services to a wide audience - from service approvers (management), to engineers and scientists who might be called upon to support and evaluate the value of geomechanics efforts but who do not have specific training in geomechanics. While presented as a three-part series, the webinars are laid out in a fashion from more general to more technical.
- Instructional Material > Online (1.00)
- Instructional Material > Course Syllabus & Notes (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Education > Educational Technology > Educational Software > Computer Based Training (0.88)
Empirically-informed CNN model for logging curve calibration
Hu, Xinyu (Xian Jiaotong University) | Li, Hui (Xian Jiaotong University) | Zhang, Hao (Exploration Department of Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamy) | Wu, Baohai (Xian Jiaotong University) | Ma, Li (Shaanxi Provincial Coal Geology Group Co. Ltd.) | Wen, Xiaogang (Shaanxi Coal field Geophysical Prospecting and Surveying Co., Ltd.,) | Gao, Jinghuai (Xian Jiaotong University)
Environmental calibration of logging curves is critical to petrophysical interpretation and sweet spot characterization. Wellbore failure frequently occurs in clay-rich (shalely) rocks during drilling, leading to biased logging interpretation and uncertainty. To reduce the biased correction or erroneous decision-making in the interpreter-dominated logging curve calibration process, we develop an empirically-informed CNN (EiCNN) logging curve correction strategy to calibrate the borehole failure-induced logging curve abnormity more accurately. The EiCNN method, together with high-quality logging curves as labeled samples, provides a nonlinear mapping between input logging curves and calibrations for the distorted curves. The EiCNN method completely alleviates biased correction or decision-making by the interpreter-dominated method. It has strong generalization ability, using many empirically interpreted high-quality data as input samples. The field validation wells demonstrate that the EiCNN model can precisely correct the distorted logging curves of mudstone segments with a correlation coefficient of >0.95. Moreover, the validation and test wells illustrate that the EiCNN method is capable of precisely correcting logging curves of interlayer mudstone, implying that the EiCNN method, to a certain degree, can also accurately perform environmental correction of logging curves from thin mudstone layers.
- North America > United States (0.68)
- Asia > China (0.48)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Time-Lapse Surveying > Time-Lapse Seismic Surveying (0.68)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management > Open hole/cased hole log analysis (1.00)
- (3 more...)
Recent Advances and Challenges of the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Wellbore Instabilities during Drilling Operations
Kamgue Lenwoue, Arnaud Regis (Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University) | Li, Zhonghui (School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University: National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology (Corresponding author)) | Tang, Chuanfu (Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University) | Zhang, Wuchang (School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University: National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology (Corresponding author)) | Ding, Shi (Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University) | Hu, Pengjie (School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University: National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology) | Sun, Wentie (Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University)
Summary Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing several businesses across the world, and its implementation in drilling engineering has enhanced the performance of oil and gas companies. This paper reviews and analyzes the successful application of AI techniques to predict wellbore instabilities during drilling operations. First, a summary of the implementation of AI for the prediction of loss circulation, pipe stuck, and mud window is highlighted. Then, the recent innovations and challenges of the AI adoption in major drilling companies is presented. Finally, recommendations are provided to improve the integration of AI in the drilling industry. This analysis gives deep insight into the main publications and recent advances of the application of AI in drilling engineering and is expected to contribute to the further development of the drilling industry.
- Asia > China (0.94)
- Asia > Middle East > Iran (0.68)
- Asia > Middle East > UAE (0.46)
- (2 more...)
- Overview (1.00)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.67)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (35 more...)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Statistical Learning (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Machine Learning > Neural Networks > Deep Learning (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Applied AI (1.00)
- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Representation & Reasoning > Information Fusion (0.67)