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Collaborating Authors
pipeline
Feasibility of Using the Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Method to Detect Pipeline Blockages: Experimental Study
Zhang, Chengli (Guizhou University) | Pan, Jianwei (Guizhou University, Guizhou University) | Liu, Jiaxu (Guizhou University) | Zhan, Lin (Guizhou University) | Gao, Jian (Guizhou University) | Luo, Haixin (Guizhou University) | Yang, Chen (Guizhou University)
Normal function of modern society requires a vast number of buried pipelines with differing specifications, which could become blocked to varying degrees during routine operation. Consequently, a major technical municipal engineering problem is how best to accurately, nondestructively, and efficiently locate blockages in underground pipelines. The frequency domain electromagnetic method (FDEM) has been widely used in geophysical exploration because of its features of nondestructive examination and high efficiency. In considering application of FDEM to the problem of locating blockages in underground pipelines, numerical simulations and physical experiments were conducted on different pipeline types with different blocked states, different blockage substances, and different working configurations. Results demonstrated that FDEM is most applicable to detection of blockages in insulated pipelines, especially when the single-ended charging method is used or when the blockage has reasonable impermeability, because the induction signal exhibits a particularly obvious abrupt drop at the blockage position. However, owing to the low resistivity of metals and the current propagating to the surrounding ground, which makes it easier to form more conductive paths than blockages, the FDEM displays no obvious change in signal characteristics at the position of blockage in a metal pipeline, which means that this method has certain challenges for detecting such blockages.
- Asia > China (0.46)
- North America (0.28)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.64)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.64)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Artificial intelligence (0.93)
- Facilities Design, Construction and Operation > Pipelines, Flowlines and Risers > Piping design and simulation (0.66)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (0.58)
Despite the war in Gaza, majors committed to developing East Med gas are playing the long game as evidenced by Eni and TotalEnergies' recent discoveries offshore Cyprus and Chevron's decision to invest the final 24 million needed to kick off an overall 673 million plan to expand production at Israel's Tamar gas field. Lebanon meanwhile has offered nine offshore blocks in a 3rd licensing round that ends in July, while TotalEnergies, Eni, and QatarEnergy ponder what to do next after having drilled a dry hole last autumn on Block 9 in Lebanese waters near Beirut's maritime border with Israel. Chevron and its partners in the Tamar consortium announced a final decision to invest 24 million in the second of a two-phase plan to boost Tamar's production capacity to up to 1.6 Bcf/D from the current 1.1 Bcf/D for domestic consumption and additional gas exports to Egypt. "Reaching FID for Phase 2 of Tamar's expansion reflects Chevron's ongoing commitment to partnering with the State of Israel to continue development of its energy resources for the benefit of domestic and regional natural gas markets," Jeff Ewing, managing director of Chevron's Eastern Mediterranean Business Unit, said in The Times of Israel. Phase 1 of the project envisions laying a 150-km pipeline between the production platform and the Tamar gas field located offshore west of Ashkelon in parallel to two existing pipelines. This third pipeline will initially boost production to 1.2 Bcf/D, according to Chevron.
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Mediterranean Sea (0.46)
- Asia > Middle East > Lebanon > Beirut Governorate > Beirut (0.26)
- Asia > Middle East > Palestine > Gaza Strip > Gaza Governorate > Gaza (0.25)
- Asia > Middle East > Israel > Southern District > Ashkelon (0.25)
Caterpillar Expands Reach to Hydrogen Fuel Cells Caterpillar, in collaboration with Microsoft and Ballard Power Systems, announced the successful completion of a demonstration project in which the construction manufacturing company integrated a hydrogen fuel cell into Microsoft's data center electrical plant in Cheyenne, Wyoming, to show how hydrogen fuel cells can be used to supply reliable and sustainable power to data centers. The 1.5 MW fuel cell used Caterpillar's microgrid controller to operate two battery energy storage systems to simulate a 48-hour backup power event with the company's system providing uninterrupted power, achieving an overall uptime of 99.999%. "The research and findings of the hydrogen fuel cell demonstration will help us towards our goal of becoming carbon negative by 2030," said Sean James, senior director of data center research at Microsoft. Partial funding for the project was provided by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office's H2@Scale initiative, which promotes stakeholder collaboration to advance affordable hydrogen production, transportation, storage, and use across multiple energy sectors. The DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory was able to collect significant data by analyzing the safety, techno-economics, and greenhouse gas effects of the system during the demonstration.
- Europe (1.00)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Laramie County > Cheyenne (0.25)
- Energy > Renewable > Hydrogen (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.56)
Gas hydrate formation in oil and gas pipelines may cause flow assurance problems, especially in deep water subsea tiebacks. Agglomeration and bedding of hydrates particles and its deposition on pipe walls may form blockages that stop production. This presentation will cover the systems approach that we, at the Center for Hydrate Research of the Colorado School of Mines, have followed to design our mathematical models to predict gas hydrate formation in multiphase flow pipelines. First, I present a series of conceptual pictures that describe the main phenomena related to hydrate formation in oil and gas transportation pipelines. These phenomena have been observed in multiscale experiments performed at our laboratory facilities and in other collaborating facilities.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is responsible for overseeing US oil and gas activities, and the reduction of fugitive emissions is fast becoming one of its main focuses. The release of natural gas into the atmosphere can prove damaging to the health of personnel and the wider public--as well as the environment--and undetected leaks can lead to millions of dollars' worth of unrealized revenue in large operations. However, detecting these emissions is no easy task, especially considering the thousands of miles of pipeline based in remote regions of the country, prompting the industry to seek out novel technologies that can bolster leak detection and repair (LDAR) strategies. This article takes a deep dive into the challenges of LDAR, as well as delving into some of the solutions that can help companies increase efficiencies, minimize waste, and ensure environmentally friendly operations. Natural gas and petroleum systems were responsible for 29% of all US methane emissions in 2021, prompting the Environmental Protection Agency to publish strict national standards designed to curb the release of this greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. A large proportion of methane emissions arises from fugitive emissions caused by everything from pipe corrosion and earthquakes to unintentional pipe excavation and equipment failure.
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.90)
Shale gas producer BKV Corp. has made the leap into the US carbon capture and storage (CCS) sector, becoming the latest upstream firm to challenge the idea that only industry giants can make significant moves in this emerging arena. Founded in 2015 as a privately held subsidiary of Thailandโs coal and energy conglomerate Banpu, BKV and its fewer than 400 employees have quickly built the company into the 17 largest gas producer in the US. In addition to its upstream operations in the Barnett and Marcellus shales, BKVโs business model borrows from its Thai energy roots and includes ownership of two natural gas power plants in Texas. But the firm is better known within upstream technical circles for its leadership in refracturing horizontal wells in the Barnett where it is the largest operator both in terms of acreage and flowing wells. No stranger to diversification, BKV is now shifting its focus to CCSโa market anticipated to balloon almost fivefold from $3 billion to over $14 billion by the end of the decade. This growth is being propelled in the US by new legislation offering $85 in tax credits for each ton of CO2 sequestered, effectively turning the greenhouse gas into a valuable commodity. The companyโs inaugural CCS project, in collaboration with Dallas-based EnLink Midstream, launched this past November in Bridgeport, Texas. Called the Barnett Zero Project, BKV and its partner are targeting the sequestration of approximately 210,000 mtpa of CO2e. Hitting that target means potentially generating over $17.8 million in annual tax credits, a sum that offers a swift return on investment for those who can manage costs. BKV has also established a new business unit called dCarbon Ventures which is leading a separate CCS joint venture in the Barnett play called Cotton Cove. The $17.6-million project, $9 million of which will be put up by BKV, is expected to begin injecting up to 45,000 mtpa by the end of next year. Beyond that, BKV and its subsidiaries have secured rights for a large-scale project spanning 21,000 acres in neighboring Louisiana which would source its emissions from the industrial and petrochemical plants around the New Orleans area. Steering these ambitious projects is BKVโs CEO, Chris Kalnin, alongside Lauren Read, vice president of the gas companyโs dCarbon Ventures. Under their leadership, BKV hopes to achieve net-zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by next yearโdecades ahead of most industry reduction targets. The company is not stopping there and is ambitioning to do what most US-based operators have so far refrained from, which is to offset its Scope 3 emissions sometime next decade. In the following Q&A, Kalnin and Read discuss the motivations behind the Barnett Zero Project, its significance in the context of independent producers, and what it signals about BKVโs broader strategy.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.45)
- North America > United States > Louisiana > Orleans Parish > New Orleans (0.24)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Field > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.94)
- North America > United States > Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Field > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.94)
- North America > United States > Texas > Fort Worth Basin > Barnett Field > Barnett Shale Formation (0.94)
- (5 more...)
_ Early January brought with it significant changes in the environmental side of the oil and gas industry. ExxonMobil and Chevron, the two largest US oil producers, announced they will exit California, and the Biden administration froze LNG export approvals. After 50 years of producing oil in California, ExxonMobil will take a $2.5 billion writedown of the value of some of its California properties to be recorded in its fourth-quarter earnings. The company said the decision is primarily related to its Santa Ynez operations off the coast of Santa Barbara. Its US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filing said, โWhile the Corporation is progressing efforts to enable a restart of production, continuing challenges in the state regulatory environment have impeded progress in restoring operations.โ After the Refugio oil spill in May 2015 (approximately 100,000 gal), resulting from a leak from a pipeline owned by Plains All American Pipeline, ExxonMobil acquired the damaged asset in October 2015. Just a few months before the purchase, the Santa Barbara County Board denied ExxonMobilโs request to truck its oil produced off the coast of Gaviota to its Las Flores Canyon processing facility and on to refiners located in Pentland, California. Seeking an alternative, ExxonMobil planned to replace two stretches of the 112-mile corroded pipeline for transit of its oil. Met with opposition to replace the damaged pipeline and denied permission to repair and restart production at the site (halted since 2015), ExxonMobil is now selling the Santa Ynez operation to Sable Offshore, a blank-check company created in 2020. The company will loan Sable the money for the purchase of its three offshore production platforms, pipeline, and onshore processing facility. Sableโs agreement with ExxonMobil requires production to be started by early 2026 or the assets and liabilities revert to ExxonMobil. Chevron, headquartered in San Ramon, California, will write down $3.5 billion to $4 billion in assets, citing its home stateโs regulations that โhave resulted in lower anticipated future investment levels.โ The company intends to continue operating its oil fields and related assets. In the SEC filing, Chevron wrote it also will incur fourth-quarter charges related to decommissioning of US Gulf of Mexico assets that have reached the end of their productive lives. The company sold some of those assets, but US law stipulates that previous owners may be responsible for those costs if the current owner declares bankruptcy. Chevron wrote itโs โprobableโ that it may see such costs. January closed with another unexpected announcement on 26 January. The Biden administration paused decisions on permits to export LNG to non-free trade agreement countries to review current projects seeking approvals. US Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm stated, โWe must review export applications using the most comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the economic, environmental, and national security considerations.โ She added that this was not a ban on exports and would not affect already authorized exports, which when combined with existing plants, total 48 Bcf/D. โWithin this decade another 12 Bcf/D of US export capacity already authorized and under construction will come online,โ Granholm said. While environmental impact (greenhouse gas emissions including CO2 and methane) was one of the reasons for the decision, along with market, economic, national security, and energy security, Granholm pointed out that facilities totaling 22 Bcf/D of capacity have been approved but have not yet started construction. This capacity, combined with existing infrastructure, is โmore than enough to make the US a โbehemothโ in the LNG field,โ according to Holland & Knight in an analysis dated 29 January. The international law firm said this raises the question of whether further development of LNG facilities could hurt US citizens as higher percentages of produced gas are exported. โThis line of thinking follows the historical rhetoric on this issue as domestic users of natural gas want to ensure their feedstock price is stable. To support those claims, recent studies have concluded that โhigher LNG exports create a tighter domestic natural gas market (all else held equal), increasing domestic natural gas prices.โโ Could unintended consequences of these recent announcements rear up in the future? And could they be a behemoth for the US or global markets? For Further Reading Growth in 2022 US LNG Liquefaction Capacity Hits Top of the Charts by Pat Davis Szymczak, SPE Oil and Gas Facilities.
- North America > United States > California > Santa Barbara County (0.25)
- North America > United States > California > Contra Costa County > San Ramon (0.25)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
Shale gas producer BKV Corp. has made the leap into the US carbon capture and storage (CCS) sector, becoming the latest upstream firm to challenge the idea that only industry giants can make significant moves in this emerging arena. Founded in 2015 as a privately held subsidiary of Thailand's coal and energy conglomerate Banpu, BKV and its fewer than 400 employees have quickly built the company into the 17th largest gas producer in the US. In addition to its upstream operations in the Barnett and Marcellus shales, BKV's business model borrows from its Thai energy roots and includes ownership of two natural gas power plants in Texas. But the firm is better known within upstream technical circles for its leadership in refracturing horizontal wells in the Barnett where it is the largest operator both in terms of acreage and flowing wells. No stranger to diversification, BKV is now shifting its focus to CCS--a market anticipated to balloon almost fivefold from 3 billion to over 14 billion by the end of the decade.
- North America > United States > Texas (0.25)
- North America > United States > West Virginia (0.24)
- North America > United States > Virginia (0.24)
- (4 more...)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Field > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.94)
- North America > United States > Virginia > Appalachian Basin > Marcellus Field > Marcellus Shale Formation (0.94)
- North America > United States > Texas > Fort Worth Basin > Barnett Field > Barnett Shale Formation (0.94)
- (5 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale gas (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Storage Reservoir Engineering > CO2 capture and sequestration (1.00)
- Management > Asset and Portfolio Management (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Climate change (1.00)
Early January brought with it significant changes in the environmental side of the oil and gas industry. ExxonMobil and Chevron, the two largest US oil producers, announced they will exit California, and the Biden administration froze LNG export approvals. After 50 years of producing oil in California, ExxonMobil will take a 2.5 billion writedown of the value of some of its California properties to be recorded in its fourth-quarter earnings. The company said the decision is primarily related to its Santa Ynez operations off the coast of Santa Barbara. Its US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filing said, "While the Corporation is progressing efforts to enable a restart of production, continuing challenges in the state regulatory environment have impeded progress in restoring operations."
- Law (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Midstream (1.00)
Soft Sensor Development for Real-Time Interface Tracking in Multiple Product Pipelines Based on Knowledge and Data
Yuan, Ziyun (Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China)) | Chen, Lei (Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China) (Corresponding author)) | Zhang, Yuhan (Qingdao Operation Area, Shandong Branch, PipeChina) | Wu, Yucheng (Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China)) | Ji, Haoyang (Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China)) | Liu, Gang (Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China) (Corresponding author))
Summary Petroleum products are usually consecutively transported in the same multiple-product pipeline, and the occurrence of mixed oil happens during the process. Accurately tracking the mixed oil interface is essential for the optimal scheduling of oil transportation. However, complicated operating conditions and unavoidable measurement noise pose challenges to methods for locating the interface. The data-driven modeling method is a potential solution, but it may face limitations due to issues of overfitting, especially when the data set is contaminated with noise. To tackle such problems, in this paper, we propose a knowledge-informed Bayesian-Gaussian mixture regression (KIBGMR) model to enable the real-time tracking of the interface. The KIBGMR employs finite Gaussian distribution to learn the multimode characteristics of input data, including the hydrothermal data, measured density of tail oil, and the velocity of interface transportation and output data including the measured density of tail oil and interface transportation velocity. Subsequently, it utilizes the prior knowledge related to the regression coefficient through the Bayesian treatment. Evaluations demonstrate that the R index achieved by the proposed model in predicting the interface arrival time is greater than 0.98, even with the contaminated data set. This research can help operators accurately grasp the location of the mixed oil interface, formulate reasonable valve switch operations for better management of the mixed oil section, and provide a reference for the method of knowledge-data hybrid modeling.