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Bass Strait
Numerous surface-felt earthquakes have been spatiotemporally correlated with hydraulic fracturing operations. Because large deformations occur close to hydraulic fractures (HFs), any associated fault reactivation and resulting seismicity must be evaluated within the length scale of the fracture stages and based on precise fault location relative to the simulated rock volumes. To evaluate changes in Coulomb failure stress (CFS) with injection, we conducted fully coupled poroelastic finite-element simulations using a pore-pressure cohesive zone model for the fracture and fault core in combination with a fault-fracture intersection model. The simulations quantify the dependence of CFS and fault reactivation potential on host-rock and fault properties, spacing between fault and HF, and fracturing sequence. We find that fracturing in an anisotropic in-situ stress state does not lead to fault tensile opening but rather dominant shear reactivation through a poroelastic stress disturbance over the fault core ahead of the compressed central stabilized zone. In our simulations, poroelastic stress changes significantly affect fault reactivation in all simulated scenarios of fracturing 50-200 m away from an optimally oriented normal fault. Asymmetric HF growth due to the stress-shadowing effect of adjacent HFs leads to 1.) a larger reactivated fault zone following simultaneous and sequential fracturing of multiple clusters compared to single-cluster fracturing; and 2.) larger unstable area (CFSgt;0.1) over the fault core or higher potential of fault slip following sequential fracturing compared to simultaneous fracturing. The fault reactivation area is further increased for a fault with lower conductivity and with a higher opening-mode fracture toughness of the overlying layer. To reduce the risk of fault reactivation by hydraulic fracturing under reservoir characteristics of the Barnett Shale, the Fort Worth Basin, it is recommended to 1.) conduct simultaneous fracturing instead of sequential; and 2.) to maintain a minimum distance of ~ 200 m for HF operations from known faults.
- North America > Canada (1.00)
- North America > United States > Texas > Travis County > Austin (0.28)
- North America > United States > Texas > Tarrant County > Fort Worth (0.24)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics > Earthquake (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquén > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Green River Basin > Jonah Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > West Virginia > Appalachian Basin (0.99)
- (51 more...)
- North America > United States > California (1.00)
- Europe (1.00)
- Asia (1.00)
- (2 more...)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type (1.00)
- Geology > Mineral (1.00)
- (3 more...)
- Geophysics > Gravity Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Borehole Geophysics (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Passive Seismic Surveying (0.92)
- (2 more...)
- Materials > Metals & Mining (1.00)
- Materials > Chemicals (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (1.00)
- (5 more...)
- North America > United States > Nevada > Dixie Valley Field (0.99)
- North America > United States > California > Mayacamas Mountains > Geysers Field (0.99)
- North America > Trinidad and Tobago > Trinidad > Southern Basin (0.99)
- (3 more...)
- Information Technology > Modeling & Simulation (0.92)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Combined onshore and offshore wide scale seismic data acquisition and imaging for CCS exploration in Havns, Denmark
Zappal, Samuel (Uppsala University) | Malehmir, Alireza (Uppsala University) | Papadopoulou, Myrto (Uppsala University) | Gregersen, Ulrik (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS)) | Funck, Thomas (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS)) | Clausen, Ole R. (Aarhus University) | Nrmark, Egon (Aarhus University)
Strong global actions for climate change include carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a feasible solution to reach carbon neutrality and raise opportunities for detailed subsurface investigations. An acquisition set-up designed for onshore-offshore zones was maximized for a wide-scale high-resolution structural imaging and implemented to cover a domal structure of interest for CCS utilization close to the town of Havns�nmark). Challenges of a combined acquisition and processing of land and marine multi-sensor data along a 42 km seismic profile are analyzed, suggested solutions are applied and limitations discussed. On the onshore side, a nodal array and a seismic landstreamer system were simultaneously used while along the transition zone a marine seismic streamer and ocean bottom seismometers were added to record the seismic response generated by two seismic vibrator sources. The adopted sensing domains (velocity, acceleration, and pressure) were studied and different processing steps were evaluated to enable their processing and subsequent data set merging. Results suggest as a best approach, a separate prestack processing of the different data sets and the computation of new geometries and new surface-consistent residual static correction after their merging. The data acquired in the transition zone illuminate for the first time the subsurface geology of the region delineating an expected domal closure. The final seismic section shows high continuity of the reflections with good resolution along the entire profile, identifying the main reservoir structure and the surrounding areas, which are important to ensure the reservoir integrity and safe exploitation over longer time scales. Shallow and deep reflections are consistent with the stratigraphic column from a well-log near the profile. The presented study shows a comprehensive workflow for processing such a multi-sensor data set in onshore and transition zone settings.
- Europe > Denmark (1.00)
- North America > United States > Illinois > Madison County (0.24)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.66)
- Research Report > Experimental Study (0.48)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (1.00)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.46)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition > Marine Seismic Acquisition (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition > Land Seismic Acquisition (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Modeling > Velocity Modeling (1.00)
- Europe > Norway > North Sea > Central North Sea > Central Graben > PL 019 > Gassum Formation (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > Victoria > Bass Strait > Gippsland Basin (0.89)
- North America > Canada > Alberta > Border Field > Anglo Pacific Et Al Czar 11-33-41-5 Well (0.89)
- (5 more...)
Stratal surfaces honoring seismic structures and interpreted geologic time surfaces
Wang, Fu (University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China) | Wu, Xinming (University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China) | Zeng, Hongliu (The University of Texas at Austin) | Janson, Xavier (The University of Texas at Austin) | Kerans, Charles (The University of Texas at Austin)
ABSTRACT Seismic horizons play a significant role in reservoir model construction and sedimentary facies interpretation, providing crucial low-frequency constraints for seismic inversion. In basin and regional interpretations, the assumption that seismic reflections represent a stratigraphic surface with constant geologic time is significant for guiding seismic interpretation. This assumption may fail when applied to local reservoir scales due to common geologic time transgressions of a particular event in regular wavelet frequency. There will be inconsistencies between seismic events and stratigraphic surfaces. To address this issue and obtain relatively accurate stratal interpretations, we develop a hybrid horizon extraction method honoring seismic structures and time-stratigraphic frameworks, in which seismic reflection structures provide local details and interpreted geologic time surfaces offer critical constraints. First, we develop concepts and a workflow using a realistic outcrop model. We develop a new geology-guided structure tensor by fitting a gradient vector of seismic images and geologic time surfaces. We also consider existing geologic conditions, such as unconformities, and fuse them into our method to calculate accurate slopes and generate reliable relative geologic time images at a fine scale, followed by making slices. Further, we extend our method to 3D seismic data volumes. Our experiments, conducted using simulated and field data, show the superiority and accuracy of our hybrid method compared with the slope-based and stratal slicing methods. These results highlight the potential for applying our method to fine-scale subsurface modeling.
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Wolfcamp Formation (0.99)
- (24 more...)
Characteristics and genesis of the Zhongnan Fault Zone in the South China Sea oceanic basin: insights from an integrated analysis of multibeam bathymetric and two-dimensional multi-channel seismic data
Zou, Song (Tongji University) | Zhong, Guangfa (Tongji University) | Zhang, Baojin (Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey) | Geng, Minghui (Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey) | Wang, Lijie (Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey) | Zhang, Ruwei (Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey)
The Zhongnan Fault Zone (ZFZ) is a large-scale tectonic belt in the South China Sea (SCS) oceanic basin, playing an important role in the formation and evolution of the basin. Nevertheless, debates persist regarding its location, orientation, nature, time of activity, and genesis. In this study, we investigate the characteristics and origin of the fault zone through an integrated analysis of multibeam bathymetric and two-dimensional (2D) multi-channel seismic data. Our results reveal the ZFZ as a fault zone approximately 400 km long and 50-90 km wide, situated between the east (ESB) and southwest (SWSB) sub-basins. The ZFZ is oriented N8W, roughly perpendicular to and laterally displacing the relict spreading center and related spreading lineaments. Bounded by discontinuous linear seamounts, the ZFZ comprises two V-shaped sub-parallel pull-apart basins and a separating basement high. Steeply dipping (>60) normal basement-involved faults bound these pull-apart basins, forming typical negative flower structures. Numerous NE-oriented en-echelon linear bathymetric highs within the ZFZ are identified as secondary antithetic shears. These shears are characterized by their orientation relative to the principal displacement zones defined along the pull-apart basins. The ZFZ exhibits differences from adjacent sub-basins in water depth, basement burial, stratal thickness, and seismic stratigraphic characteristics. Five seismic sequences (S1-S5 upwards) in the ZFZ and nearby ESB and SWSB are defined, dating to Early Miocene syn-spreading (S1) and Middle Miocene to Recent post-spreading (S2-S5) stages, respectively. The difficulty in correlating seismic facies in sequences S1-S3, compared to the comparable seismic facies in sequences S4-S5 between the ZFZ and adjacent sub-basins, suggests a horizontal displacement during the syn-spreading and early post-spreading stages. We propose that the ZFZ functioned as a right-lateral transform fault zone during the syn-spreading period (24-16 Ma) of the SWSB and transitioned into a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone during the successive early post-spreading period (16-5.3 Ma).
- Asia > China (1.00)
- North America > United States > Gulf of Mexico > Central GOM (0.60)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Plate Tectonics (1.00)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Fault > Strike-Slip Fault (0.70)
- Geology > Structural Geology > Tectonics > Compressional Tectonics (0.68)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (0.88)
- Europe > Austria > Vienna > Vienna Basin (0.99)
- Europe > Austria > Lower Austria > Vienna Basin (0.99)
- Asia > Taiwan > South China Sea > Taiwan Basin (0.99)
- (7 more...)
Abstract Outcrop analogues play a pivotal role in resolving meter-scale depositional facies heterogeneity of carbonate strata. Two-dimensional outcrops are insufficient to decipher the 3D heterogeneity of carbonate facies. Near-surface geophysical methods, notably ground-penetrating radar (GPR), can be employed to step into 3D and extend the dimensionality of the outcrops to behind the outcrop. However, interpreting geophysical images requires specific geophysical expertise, often unfamiliar to field geologists who are more familiar with the actual rock than the geophysical data. A novel generative adversarial network (GAN) application is presented that constructs a photorealistic 3D virtual outcrop behind-the-outcrop model. The method combines GPR forward modeling with a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) and exploits the apparent similarities between outcrop expressions of lithofacies with their radargram counterparts. We exemplified the methodology and applied it to the open-source GPR data acquired from the Late Oxfordian-Early Kimmeridgian Arabian carbonate outcrop. We interpret a 4 km long outcrop photomosaic from a digital outcrop model (DOM) for its lithofacies, populate the DOM with GPR properties, and forward model the synthetic GPR response of these lithofacies. We pair the synthetic GPR with DOM lithofacies and train them using CGAN. Similarly, we pair the DOM lithofacies with outcrop photos and train them using CGAN. We chain the two trained networks and apply them to construct an approximately 2 km long 2D and an approximately 60 m 3D volume of photorealistic artificial outcrop model. This model operates in a visual medium familiar to outcrop geologists, providing a complementary instrument to visualize and interpret rock formation instead of geophysical signals. This virtual outcrop replicates the visual character of outcrop-scale lithofacies features, such as the intricate bedding contacts and the outline of reef geobodies.
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Carbonate Rock (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (1.00)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying (1.00)
- Geophysics > Electromagnetic Surveying (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems > Neural networks (1.00)
The Permian basin is a sedimentary basin known for its extensive petroleum and mineral resource deposits in western Texas and southeastern New Mexico in the United States. Active since the 1920s, the basin is the largest petroleum producing basin in the U.S. It accounts for thirty percent of U.S. crude oil production and more than forty percent of U.S. crude oil proved reserves at 9.8 billion barrels of oil.[1] Stratigraphy plays a large factor in the basin's prolific production, as there are multiple hydrocarbon-rich units throughout the stratigraphic column. This provides the potential to develop multiple stacked producing zones from these different units. In addition to hydrocarbons, the Permian basin is also known for its significant potash deposits.
- North America > United States > Texas (1.00)
- North America > United States > New Mexico (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Stratigraphy (0.97)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock (0.79)
- Geology > Sedimentary Geology (0.74)
- North America > United States > Texas > Tobosa Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yeso Formation (0.99)
- North America > United States > Texas > Permian Basin > Yates Formation (0.99)
- (29 more...)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Induced seismicity refers to typically minor earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on the Earth's crust. Most induced seismicity is of a low magnitude. A few sites regularly have larger quakes, such as The Geysers geothermal plant in California which averaged two M4 events and 15 M3 events every year from 2004 to 2009.[1] Results of ongoing multi-year research on induced earthquakes by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) published in 2015 suggested that most of the significant earthquakes in Oklahoma, such as the 1952 magnitude 5.7 El Reno earthquake may have been induced by deep injection of waste water by the oil industry. "Earthquake rates have recently increased markedly in multiple areas of the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS), especially since 2010, and scientific studies have linked the majority of this increased activity to wastewater injection in deep disposal wells."[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- North America > United States > California (0.50)
- North America > United States > Oklahoma (0.31)
- Water & Waste Management > Water Management (1.00)
- Energy > Renewable > Geothermal > Geothermal Resource (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Oceania > Australia > South Australia > Cooper Basin (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > Queensland > Cooper Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > California > Mayacamas Mountains > Geysers Field (0.99)
- Oceania > Australia > Victoria > Bass Strait > Gippsland Basin (0.89)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Non-Traditional Resources > Geothermal resources (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Water use, produced water discharge and disposal (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > Environment > Waste management (1.00)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Eugene Russel Brumbaugh (1924 - 2015) served as the 1983-1984 SEG President. Gene Brumbaugh was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania, in 1924 to Jacob and Laura Brumbaugh, and was the youngest of three siblings.[1] Gene is survived by his wife, Miriam "Mim" Brumbaugh, to whom he was wed on 29 June 1946. They have two children, Cynthia "Cindy" Brumbaugh Walker and her husband, Winston; and Deborah "Debbie" Brumbaugh Mason and her husband, Andrew. Gene also is survived by two grandchildren, Luke Walker and Emily Walker Hill, and her husband, Charles; great-grandchildren, Mason and Sophie Hill; and numerous nephews and nieces. After graduating from Altoona High School in Pennsylvania in 1942, Gene began his studies at Juniata College, Huntington, Pennsylvania, which were interrupted for military service. He enlisted in the U. S. Navy as an aviation cadet in Pensacola, Florida, and completed flight training just as World War II ended. He returned to Juniata College, where he served in the student senate and was captain of the basketball team. Gene graduated in 1946 with a B.S. in physics and mathematics. From 1988 to 1991, he served on the Juniata College National Alumni Council. He also completed work toward a master's in geology at the University of Colorado that was interrupted by a job transfer.
- North America > United States > California (1.00)
- North America > United States > Montana (0.69)
- North America > United States > Wyoming (0.68)
- (2 more...)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline (0.94)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock (0.47)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition (0.68)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Processing (0.68)
- Leisure & Entertainment > Sports (1.00)
- Government > Military (1.00)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.34)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > Uinta Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Wyoming > DJ (Denver-Julesburg) Basin (0.99)
- North America > United States > Utah > Uinta Basin (0.99)
- (26 more...)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Management (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (0.94)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Formation Evaluation & Management (0.68)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Abstract The Vaca Muerta Formation has been extensively studied as an unconventional play and is currently in a development stage at the center of the Neuquén basin. However, some areas of the basin remain unexplored due to different kinds of geological risks. This contribution centers on the southern part of Mendoza Province and shows the studies carried out to evaluate the source rock as a potential shale reservoir and mitigate uncertainties associated with these risks. Structural and isopach maps were made using 2D and 3D seismic data. Petrophysical evaluation based on nearby well logs identified interesting intervals. Geochemical data collection yielded encouraging results for this source rock, including rich organic content (>2% TOC) and thermal maturity values showing early to mature oil generation window. Additionally, a geomechanical model was made and recalibrated using a DFIT from a close-by well. As a result of all these studies, some exploratory proposals were defined to assess the Vaca Muerta Formation's potential as an unconventional play in a frontier area. In 2023, a vertical pilot and two horizontal wells were drilled, validating the expected parameters and even exceeding them. Regional interpretation carried out gave rise to the extension of the potential exploration borders of Vaca Muerta Formation, revaluing a large area on the northern margin of the Colorado River. Introduction This study focuses on evaluating the potential of the Vaca Muerta Formation as an unconventional shale oil play. The aim was to expand the exploratory boundaries for this unit towards the southern region of Mendoza Province. Vaca Muerta Formation (Weaver, 1931, emend. Leanza 1972) serves as the primary source rock in Neuquén Basin. It is characterized by its extensive areal distribution and represents the distal facies of a series of carbonate and/or mixed systems that were established in the basin between the early Tithonian and early Valanginian stages (Legarreta and Uliana, 1991; Legarreta et al., 1993). This unit ranks among the world's largest sources of unconventional hydrocarbons, ranking Argentina as the second-largest global resource holder for unconventional gas and fourth-largest for unconventional oil (EIA, 2013).
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia Region (1.00)
- South America > Argentina > Neuquén Province > Neuquén (1.00)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Jurassic > Upper Jurassic > Tithonian (0.54)
- Phanerozoic > Mesozoic > Cretaceous > Lower Cretaceous > Valanginian (0.54)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geomechanics (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Geochemistry (1.00)
- Geology > Geological Subdiscipline > Economic Geology > Petroleum Geology (0.76)
- Geology > Rock Type > Sedimentary Rock > Clastic Rock > Mudrock > Shale (0.56)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Surface Seismic Acquisition (0.87)
- Geophysics > Seismic Surveying > Seismic Interpretation (0.68)
- Energy > Oil & Gas > Upstream (1.00)
- Government > Regional Government > North America Government > United States Government (0.56)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquén > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Mendoza > Neuquen Basin (0.99)
- South America > Argentina > Patagonia > Neuquén > Neuquen Basin > Vaca Muerta Field > Vaca Muerta Shale Formation (0.98)
- Oceania > Australia > Victoria > Bass Strait > Gippsland Basin (0.89)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Unconventional and Complex Reservoirs > Shale oil (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Seismic processing and interpretation (1.00)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (1.00)
- (4 more...)