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Contingency planning and emergency response
- Well Drilling > Wellhead Design > Wellhead integrity (0.60)
- Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Beam and related pumping techniques (0.60)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > HSSE & Social Responsibility Management > Contingency planning and emergency response (0.60)
- Well Drilling > Wellhead Design > Wellhead integrity (0.60)
- Production and Well Operations > Artificial Lift Systems > Beam and related pumping techniques (0.60)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > HSSE & Social Responsibility Management > Contingency planning and emergency response (0.60)
A typhoon is a tropical storm that occurs and develops in the region of the Indian or Northwestern Pacific Oceans. Typhoons and hurricanes are actually the same kind of storm but they are categorized by the regions in which they form. These storms affect areas near as well as away from coastlines and can become strong enough to cause severe flooding and damage. A tropical cyclone consists of clouds and thunderstorms that originate over warm water moving with a counterclockwise circulation in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Typhoons typically occur in areas such as Japan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong.
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.41)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.41)
A tropical cyclone is a low pressure storm system with very strong winds and high rainfall. A tropical cyclone has numerous low pressure thunderstorms that form around a central point called an eye. Tropical cyclones usually form in areas that have warm and moist air and water, such as the equator. In the Indian Ocean and South Western Asia and Oceania region they are commonly referred to as cyclones. And in Eastern Asia they are referred to as a typhoon.
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.41)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.41)
Kevin Bohacs is a sedimentologist and stratigrapher recently retired from ExxonMobil in Houston, TX, who has taught first-aid and field operations safety for more than 50 years. He co-authored AAPG's best-selling text on Field Safety and taught Field Safety Leadership more than 40 times in more than a dozen countries around the world. He serves as an American Red Cross Instructor Trainer in emergency response, CPR/AED, and water safety. He has volunteered and worked as a firefighter, paramedic, disaster response leader, lifeguard, water safety instructor, and camp director. Kevin is an Eagle Scout and Scoutmaster.
- Energy > Oil & Gas (0.87)
- Law Enforcement & Public Safety (0.64)
- Health & Medicine (0.64)
- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.40)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.40)
Coral reefs are the base for many marine life ecosystems, and they are the most diverse ecosystems. Coral reefs are dying at a fast rate, but can be preserved. Coral reefs provide shelter and food to many marine life including jellyfish, shellfish, fungi, sponges, sea urchins, turtles, and many more. A coral is a colony of coral polyps living close together. Corals work together with plant-like cells called zooxanthellae, which is a type of algae.
- Asia > Middle East > Yemen (1.00)
- Asia > Middle East > Saudi Arabia (1.00)
- Africa > Sudan (1.00)
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- Information Technology > Knowledge Management (0.42)
- Information Technology > Communications > Collaboration (0.42)
Abstract A 304L steel tube from a desuperheater system exhibited cracking downstream of a water injection point. Several cracks, mainly longitudinal, were present, originating from the inside of the tube. At first glance, the failure morphology suggested a Cl-SCC (Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking) phenomenon as the cause of the damage. In fact, chlorides could have been introduced by water injection because of a poor control in fluid composition and 304L stainless steel is known to be susceptible to Cl-SCC damage. Nonetheless, the performed analyses revealed that a corrosion-fatigue phenomenon caused crack propagation. The injected fluid was too cold when compared with the process fluid. This temperature gradient induced on the material close to the injection point a cyclic thermal stress which, over time, led to a thermal fatigue phenomenon, assisted by corrosion. An incorrect determination of the causes of the damage would have led to investments in activities such as the treatment of the fluid or the change of metallurgy, which would have proved ineffective in solving the problem. Failure analysis not only improves the management of the concerned asset but becomes a wealth of engineering knowledge to be applied to other assets, whether they are to be built or already operating.
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics (1.00)
- Production and Well Operations (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > HSSE & Social Responsibility Management > Contingency planning and emergency response (1.00)
Crisis Management Holistic Training with Immersive Technologies for Awareness and Preparedness of Oil and Gas Professionals
Kokkinos, N. C. (Department of Chemistry, School of Science, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece) | Mitropoulos, A. C. (Department of Chemistry, School of Science, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece)
Abstract Many previous technological accidents were primarily caused by human factor. The oil and gas (O&G) industry is interested in new methods for improving human response and safety. The scope of the current study is to assess the use of immersive technologies in awareness and preparedness of oil and gas industry's staff in emergencies and in crisis management. The training methodology based on a holistic sevenfold approach. In the beginning, the oil and gas professionals familiarize themselves with fundamental physicochemical phenomena of the O&G sector in a research laboratory. In the second stage, the examining phenomena are modelled and simulated. Then, the model is verified, validated and tested taking into account the real feedback from the laboratory experiments. Thus, the entire developed system turns into a process. The next step is the use of immersive technologies in order to scale-up the process by developing a virtual reality (VR) environment of the real field. The produced VR environment is then simulated into high-tech full-size facilities including a virtual control room, a drilling simulator, a virtual dispatch center and a VR onshore or/and offshore oilfield with wearable equipment. The sixth stage of the holistic training is the dynamic overall financial audit of the oil and gas plants implemented in real time. Finally, evaluation and certification of O&G professionals take place. O&G trainees were tested in various emergency what-if scenarios that were not friction products, but rather the results of long-term interviews with industry executives, field operators and control room operators, who involved in past dangerous incidents, near-misses, and accidents. The study found that human factor played a significant role in the outcomes of emergencies, with careless or negligent behavior often causing problems. In some cases, the teamwork of the participants was excellent, but in others, communication problems led to emergency shutdowns or evacuation alarms. To our knowledge, an in situ holistic approach of crisis management training using immersive technologies for awareness and preparedness of O&G professionals has been studied for the first time.
- Instructional Material (0.96)
- Research Report > New Finding (0.34)
- Management > Risk Management and Decision-Making (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > HSSE & Social Responsibility Management > Contingency planning and emergency response (1.00)
- Data Science & Engineering Analytics > Information Management and Systems (1.00)
ABSTRACT: Excavating an open pit mine with a steep angle considering both productivity and safety is a major challenge. The current work proposes a framework for slope design for a large open-pit iron ore mine with complex geological conditions. The joint properties of the steeply deposited mine are collected through face mapping and laboratory tests are done to obtain the intact rock and joint properties. The kinematic analysis of the initial slope design showed wedges forming in the benches. As a remedial measure, the wedge failure analysis is done for the bench scale and the most suitable pit design is selected by changing the slope angle and pit orientation. It was found that the optimized slope design in terms of both safety and productivity can be achieved at an overall slope angle of around 35° with a stripping ratio of approximately 3.5. INTRODUCTION Demand for mineral reserves has increased as a result of the world's rapidly growing population. For this reason, most of the open pit mines in the world are trying to excavate the ore up to maximum depth till the ultimate pit limit is not reached (Hoek & Bray, 1981). But, the likelihood of substantial slope stability issues, which could endanger the final pit slope, is one of the major concerns with the increasing depth of opencast mines (Read & Stacey, 2009). The main objective of any slope design in an open pit mine is to prevent the instabilities that could harm people and machines and could stop ore production. Any type of slope failure in open-pit mines has adverse impacts on the overall mine profitability, safety, and environment. Again, the stability of a slope of an open-pit mine is crucially influenced by many factors such as slope geometry, quality of the rock mass, presence of geological features, and their properties. The major geotechnical challenge for any slope design engineer is to determine the optimum safe overall slope angle, which will result in the least cost for overburden removal so that the profitability can be maximized (Ortiz et al., 2015). This task becomes tougher if the ore deposit is steeply dipping along with complex geological conditions in terms of multiple rock types in the surrounding region and discontinuities weakening the rock mass properties. Therefore, special attention must be given to the geotechnical parameter characterization and how the structural instabilities (planar, wedge, toppling, etc.) in rock slopes are getting affected by those properties. Considering these constraints, the main objective of the mining/geotechnical engineers is to excavate the ore deposit safely with a profit margin ensuring maximum recovery. The final pit slope design of the mine is designed in terms of overall slope angle and pit slope orientation which ensure the ore recovery in an economic method without any possibility of slope failure.
- Asia > India (0.31)
- North America > United States (0.29)
- Well Drilling (1.00)
- Health, Safety, Environment & Sustainability > HSSE & Social Responsibility Management > Contingency planning and emergency response (0.57)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Reservoir geomechanics (0.48)
- Reservoir Description and Dynamics > Reservoir Characterization > Exploration, development, structural geology (0.34)
ABSTRACT: Tunnels constructed in the rock formation have been considered safe against earthquakes. However, the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake (M7.3) caused large damages to mountain tunnels as many as to other structures. Tunnels are one of the important infrastructures, so the evaluation of seismic resistance is a very important issue. Here damage reports on the 1923 Kanto Earthquake, the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake and others in total seven earthquakes are studied and the seismic resistance is evaluated as in the relationship between the seismic intensity and the damage rate. Using this relationship and the earthquake probability provided by official organization, the seismic risk that is very useful tool to plan appropriate earthquake countermeasures can be evaluated. INTRODUCTION In Japan, which is well known for its frequent occurrence of earthquakes, the seismic resistance of various structures and facilities is important. So, researches and developments on seismic resistance based on many earthquake damage data have been carried out, and evaluation methods have been developed. Then specific seismic resistance standards have been established. However, mountain tunnels constructed in the rock have been considered to be resistant to earthquakes and specific seismic resistance has not been discussed till now. However, recent major earthquakes have caused significant damage to mountain tunnels as same as various other structures (Kamemura, 2019). The seismic damage of infrastructural facilities such as tunnels is immeasurable social losses, not only due to the damage to the facilities themselves, but also to the impact on disaster response immediately after the earthquake and post-earthquake restoration activities by the loss of their function. Therefore, it is required to clarify the specific seismic resistance of tunnels in the rock. In this paper, the relationship between the magnitude of seismic motion (seismic intensity) and the probability of damage is evaluated based on the results of surveys of major earthquakes that have caused damages to many mountain tunnels in order to evaluate the seismic resistance of tunnels. By using this relationship and the probability of earthquake occurrence at the tunnel location, the seismic risk that is a useful tool in the evaluation of the seismic resistance of specific mountain tunnels can be calculated.